Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 224-235). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Kinesiology and Health Science. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-88). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url%5Fver=Z39.88-2004&res%5Fdat=xri:pqdiss &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:MR11787

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第21133号 / 農博第2259号 / 新制||農||1057(附属図書館) / 学位論文||H30||N5107(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科食品生物科学専攻 / (主査)教授 保川 清, 教授 金本 龍平, 准教授 井上 和生 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The effects of low carbohydrate (CHO), high fat (LCHF) diets on adaptations to high-intensity exercise have recently gained interest. Consuming a LCHF may potentially decrease the ability to use CHO during exercise and impair high-intensity exercise adaptations. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the importance of CHO timing while consuming a LCHF diet and completing a high-intensity exercise program. Eighteen resistance trained males were randomized into two treatment groups. Both groups completed 6 weeks of a high-intensity exercise training program with the first 2 weeks serving as familiarization to resistance training (RT) 3 days per week and completing one high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session. During the final 4 weeks, participants trained 5 days per weeks, three days of RT and two days of HIIT (repeated 30 s all out sprints). All participants consumed a LCHF diet (~25%, ~25%, and ~50% of daily kilocalorie intake coming from CHO, protein, and fat). The supplemented (SUPP) group (n=9) consumed 30 g of CHO during exercise and 40 g of CHO immediately after each exercise session. The remainder of the SUPP groups daily CHO intake came outside of training. The non-supplemented (NONSUPP) group (n=9) consumed an artificially flavored placebo during exercise. The NONSUPP group had the same daily CHO intake as the SUPP group, with the only difference being CHO timing. Dependent variables measured pre-and post-training included back squat and bench press one-repetition maximums, peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2 peak), power output (Wingate test), body composition, fasted glucose, insulin, and testosterone, and gastrointestinal distress (GID) during exercise. Both groups significantly improved back squat and bench press strength, biceps thickness, absolute and relative V̇O2 peak, and power output. Respiratory exchange ratio was significantly lower and time to exhaustion significantly increased during the post V̇O2 peak test. However, there were no changes in resting glucose, insulin, and testosterone or body fat. RT and HIIT caused significant increases in GID, independent of beverage content, with no differences between training. Our results suggest that CHO timing has no impact on adaptations to exercise training, but favorable training adaptations can be made while consuming a LCHF diet.

No description available.

Impedance cardiography is an important tool in determining a person's hemodynamic properties. The makers obtained through thoracic impedance have been shown to be of great importance when monitoring critical care patients. Technological developments have made this process noninvasive and ambulatory, opening up new possibilities for potential use. A study was conducted by remotely monitoring healthy subjects (n=5), who performed an 8-minute mild-to-moderate aerobic exercise protocol, followed up by a four minute cognitive stress test. Testing was conducted onsite at Kennedy Space Center in association with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration using the MW1000A (MindWare Technologies LTD, Gahanna, OH) ambulatory impedance cardiography monitoring (ICG) device. The current study was conducted in order to establish the test-retest reliability of the ICG during aerobic exercise and cognitive stress across a 2 week period. For the purpose of this study Heart Rate (HR), Left Ventricular Ejection Time (LVET) Stroke Volume (SV), Cardiac Output (CO), and Pre-Ejection Period (PEP) were acquired and analyzed during three phases. The phases were, walking on a level treadmill, walking at incline, and an at rest mental arithmetic stress test. Testing has shown that the MW1000A device can provide accurate ambulatory impedance cardiography monitoring with no significant difference between testing intervals. The simple application of electrodes makes this device easy to use and requires little training. Its non-invasive properties render employing ICG both a simple and effective means of determining the hemodynamic properties of a subject.

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<p>The extent of skeletal muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training is highly variable in humans. To explain the nature of this variability, we focused on the myogenic stem cell population, the satellite cell (SC) as a potential mediator of hypertrophy. Twenty-three males (aged 18-35yrs) underwent 16wk of progressive, whole body resistance training, resulting in changes of 7.9%±1.6 (range of -1.9 – 24.7%) and 21.0%±4.0 (range of -7.0 to 51.7%) in quadriceps volume and myofibre cross-sectional area (CSA) respectively. The SC response to a single bout of resistance exercise (80% 1RM), resulted in an expansion in type one fibre associated SC (MHCI-SC) content of 43.7%±10.4 24h post-exercise pre-training, that shifted, post-training, to an increase in type two fibre associated SC (MHCII-SC) content of 47.6%±21.2 72h post-exercise. Analysis of individual SC responses revealed a correlation between the relative change in MHCII-SC content between 24-72h pre-training and the percentage increase in quadriceps lean tissue mass assessed by MRI (r=0.663, p=0.001). The proportion of SC co-localized with MSTN decreased progressively in the acute time-course following exercise and correlated with SC expansion between Pre-24h (r=0.563, p=0.012) and Pre-72h (r=0.454, p=0.045) in the pre- and post-training time-courses. In conclusion, the SC response to exercise appears to become more specific with training; while individual capacity to invoke the SC response is predictive of training induced muscular hypertrophy and may be limited by the degree of MSTN co-localization.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

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