This thesis is dealing with the ways in which were reflected marxism and communism in the czech exile catholic magazine "Studie", that had been published in Rome in the period 1958-1990. In addition outlines the issues of the czechoslovak exile in the second half of the twenties century. This thesis also discusses the exile waves that occurred in 1948 and 1968. Particular attention is paid to the issue of catholic exile. As part of the activities of exile are discussed mainly its literary activities. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This work is about the renewal of the Czech party system in period of 1943-1945. The introduction focuses on the liquidation of the party system in 1938, the party system of the Second Republic and contextualisation of the work to party systems theories. Another part deals with the formation of concepts of domestic and foreign Czechoslovak resistance on the future shape of the party system, in particular the cooperation of Moscow and London exile. The thesis describes the relationships and actions of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, based in the Soviet Union and their democratic competitors, who were headquartered in London, where the President Beneš and the State Council were seated. In particular, these relationships are the starting point for this work's research thesis: how the negotiations between the exile in London and Moscow influence and determined the post-war party constitution. The hypothesis that the activity of the Czechoslovak Communist Party in the Moscow exile was vital for the post-war party development will be confirmed or disproved in the conclusion. The final chapter focuses on initial period of the restoration of the organizational form and policy programs of the party system in the years 1944 - 1945 and the beginnings of activity of the parties within the National Front...

Dans le cadre de cette thèse de maîtrise, nous nous intéressons à l’évolution de la thématique identitaire dans l’œuvre de Maryse Condé en ciblant trois romans principaux : Heremakhonon, Desirada et Le fabuleux et triste destin d’Ivan et d’Ivana, tout en faisant appel à d’autres romans de l’auteure qui peuvent approfondir notre raisonnement. Nous analysons la perspective de Maryse Condé sur l'identité antillaise qui évolue avec le temps à mesure qu'elle se détache de ses prédécesseurs, notamment Aimé Césaire à qui elle laisse une place prépondérante dans son œuvre. Plus précisément, nous examinons les différentes facettes de l’identité dans ces romans, au moyen de l’approche sociocritique, en tenant compte des contextes sociaux, en vogue lors de leur publication, qui mettent en lumière les problématiques identitaires abordées à travers ces textes littéraires. Pour tracer l’évolution de l’identité, nous avons repéré les répétitions et les différences évidentes qui traversent la diégèse de ces romans à travers quatre thèmes récurrents : la quête identitaire des personnages principaux, les espaces géographiques, l’errance et les nouveaux enjeux de la mondialisation.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

Univ., Diss.--Bamberg, 2002.

A partir du postulat psychanalytique de l'inconscient qui inscrit le manque au coeur sujet, cette thèse doctorale met en avant l'articulation universelle du sujet à la culture, au-delà des déclinaisons particulières qui viennent métaphoriser – à travers les signifiants de chaque culture – l'interdit fondamental structurant cette articulation et les prescriptions culturelles formulées à partir de celui-ci. Pour ce faire nous nous sommes appuyés sur l’expérience du vécu subjectif de l'exil entraînant une mise en suspens des illusions fondatrices de l'appartenance dans le contexte de notre rencontre clinique avec un membre de la communauté migrante rom en Île-de-France. En disant rom, nous parlons d'une appartenance culturelle et sociale qui, d'un point de vue psychanalytique, fonctionne selon des coordonnées symboliques. Ces coordonnées, avant d'être spécifiques à une culture, sont universelles à ce que Freud appelle la Kultur : le sujet soumis à l'interdit fondamental trouve sa place dans l'ordre des générations et dans la différence des sexes. C'est à partir de cette place que ce tisse le désir du sujet qui doit faire avec son manque qui se décline et circule à travers les signifiants de sa culture. Si une particularité est à prendre en compte, elle est à situer au niveau des conditions sociales de la réalisation du mouvement migratoire : la conservation de l'organisation des structures sociales de la communauté en terre étrangère permet le maintien de la place symbolique initiale du sujet au sein de son univers d'appartenance. Ainsi, si l'amarrage symbolique du rom migrant ne s'abîment pas, bien qu'il soit constamment confronté avec un imaginaire qui pullule autour de la figure de l’étranger, c'est parce qu'il a scellé son inscription dans un ailleurs inaliénable et intouchable (dit Athiganos en grec ancien) par les effets immédiats du dépaysement et de la non-reconnaissance d'une place chez l'autre. Ainsi nous avons pu comprendre, dans ce contexte migratoire particulier, que l'exil ne commence pas avec le déplacement mais lors de la séparation d'avec la communauté d'appartenance, avec la confrontation à un manque de sens au coeur de soi qui émerge dans la rencontre à l'étranger provoquant une mise en question radicale de la place symbolique initiale du sujet.Face l'évocation nostalgique de la perte du sujet exilé, l'adresse du clinicien aura consisté à écouter de manière respectueuse les contenus – objets de la perte, que le patient présente comme étant d'ordre culturel – mais d'y aller au-delà, de centrer son attention sur le processus même de la perte et de l'épreuve de l'ébranlement identitaire que traverse le sujet, en se découvrant orphelin des illusions qui fondaient son appartenance et sa place symbolique qui soutenait son désir. Les questionnements qui surgissent dans ce contexte seront celles qui mènent vers la subjectivité du patient, relevant les lignes de faille de sa suture symbolique: interrogations des origines, de l'ordre familial, du rapport aux parents, des droits et privilèges des autres membres de la fratrie, de ses propres choix sexuels, etc.Au cours du notre suivi clinique nous avons pu observer un usage subjectif de place accordé à l'étranger, en tant que territoire d’aliénation symbolique nécessaire au sujet aux prises avec le désir menaçant de l'Autre féminin, dont le sujet se sauve à travers un mouvement d'auto-exil. Entendu et accueilli dans la parole, il a pu se métaphoriser en un exil fécond. C'est suite à une opération d'appropriation de ce déracinement subjectif, qu'une installation a été possible dans un espace symbolique autre que celui des origines, métaphorisé par l'hébergement social, devenu espace d'accueil de cet exil subjectif premier. / This doctoral thesis emphacises the universal relation between subjet and culture from the standpoint of the psychoanalytic postulate of the unconscious as determining the fundamental lack of the subject, all of this beyond particular cultural declensions which “metaphorise” – through the signifiers of each culture – the fundamental prohibition which structures this relation as well as the cultural commandments thereby expressed.For this purpose, we base ourselves on the subjective experience of exile in real life as suspending the fundamental illusions of belonging, more specifically within the context of our clinical encounter with a member of the Roma migrant community within the Ile-de-France region. When using the term “Roma”, we refer to cultural and social backgrounds which, from the point of view of psychoanalysis, function according to symbolic coordinates. Such coordinates, before becoming culturally specific, are universal through what Freud designates as Kultur: the subject, who is subjected to the fundamental prohibition, finds a meaningful place within the order of generations and within gender differences. It is from this place that the subject, who must make do with his lack – lack which declines and circulates within the signifiers of his culture –, weaves his desire.If any particularity is to be taken into account, it must be located within the social conditions determining the migratory movement: the compositional safeguarding of the community's social structures even in foreing land permits the subject's initial symbolic configuration within his place of belonging to be conserved. Hence, if the symbolic mooring of the migrant Roma is not lost, even though he is constantly confronted with an imaginary overrun with figures of foreignness, it is because he has sealed its inscription within an elsewhere which is unalienable and intangible (said Athiganos in ancient Greek) as an immediate consequence of the unfamiliarity and the disallowance of a place among the others.Following this view we may understand, in such a particular migratory context, how exile does not commence with displacement, but rather through separation from a community of belonging, through confrontation with the lack of meaning within oneself – lack of meaning emerging within the encounter with the foreigner, radically questionning the subject's original symbolic place.Facing the exiled subject's nostalgic evocation of his loss, the clinician's task is to respectfully acknowledge these contents – as lost objects, which are presented by the patient as being of cultural order – , and go beyond, to focus upon the psychic process of loss itself, as well as the weakening of identity as a trial endured by the subject, as the latter becomes orphaned from the illusions founding the membership and symbolic place which suppored hitherto his desire. The questions arising from such a context will be those which lead to the patient's subjectivity, bringing out the fault lines of his symbolic composition: doubts of his origins, of the family order, of linkages with parents, of the rights and privileges of his siblings, of his own sexual choices, etc.Throughout our clinical follow-up, we observed a subjective usage of the place given to the foreigner, as a symbolic territory of alienation indispensable to the subjet facing the threatening desire of the feminin Other, from which the subject flees through a movement of auto-exile. If met and acknowledged through speech, he could metaphorise himself in a prolific exile. Following the operation of such subjective uprooting was the possibility that a symbolic space other than that of the origins be invested, metaphorised through social accomodation, to become a space capable of accomodating the initial subjective exile.

L'écrivain tchèque Jan Cep (1902-1974), qui compta au nombre des médiateurs importants des rapports culturels franco-tchèques dans l'entre-deux-guerres, fut, à la suite du Coup de Prague en 1948, contraint à quitter son pays. Ami et traducteur de Pourrat et de Bernanos, il choisit naturellement la France comme patrie d'adoption. L'exil parisien s'avère pour Cep une rude épreuve existentielle. Conditions matérielles dures, déracinement linguistique, manque d'écho favorable pour son oeuvre, tout cela fait que Cep vit en marge de la vie littéraire française. Il s'engage d'autant plus dans diverses structures de l'émigration tchèque, notamment dans la rédaction tchécoslovaque de Radio Free Europe où il déploie son art de l'essai dans des méditations imprégnées d'humanisme chrétien. L'essai autobiographique Ma soeur l'angoisse que Cep écrivit directement en français dans les années 1960, représente la somme de sa vie et de sa pensée

This thesis examines narrative techniques and the theme of unrootedness and exile in Christa Wolf’s novel Stadt der Engel oder The Overcoat of Dr. Freud. By using Genette’s terminology on narratology and close-reading of the novel the thesis shows that a sense of distance and unrootedness is created within the novel and that the theme of unrootedness and exile creates a frame for the narration, which lacks of a plot in a traditional meaning and which’s main character’s subject is fragmented, which is typical for a poststructuralist novel.

Diploma thesis "Milan Kundera's 'The Joke' supervised. Critical reception of the novel in the context of its release and today" deals with critical reflection of the novel 'The Joke' in the period from the end of the 1960's up to current reviews. The author dedicates first chapters to the cultural and political background of the release. The core of the thesis focuses mostly on critical reception of the novel, which is divided into three historical periods. In the first part of the critical historical analysis and qualitative analysis, the author examines critical acceptance of the novel in the aftermath of its release (1967- 1969), in the Czechoslovakian and exiled journals and literary magazines in particular. The second part considers critical reaction to the novel throughout 1970's and 80's, and stresses outcomes of the reception in the sixties, official normalized critical reviews and the acceptance in the exile and samizdat literature as well. Finally, the last part of the thesis offers contemporary critical response to 'The Joke', analyzed on the basis of journals, literary magazines and newly emergent Kundera's monographs. Summarizing critical reception in each period, historical context is of primary importance to a profound understanding of the topic. The aim of the thesis is to find out...

1 Abstract This thesis provides an overview of the journalistic work and life story of the cultural publicist A. J. Liehm acting from the 1940s in the most important Czechoslovak cultural periodicals. Furthermore, the thesis shows the contemporary context of the last century and turning points in our history. The most important periodicals, in which content the author was involved, are described in two separate chapters. They relate to the weekly periodicals Kulturni noviny and Literarni noviny. Other periodicals are mentioned particularly in relation to author's exile work. Finally, the thesis explores the French magazine Lettre Internationale, which the author founded in the 1980s in Paris. The author used to meet a huge number of culturally and artistically oriented personalities, especially from the film industry. After emigrating from Czechoslovakia in 1969 he continued to publish from exile and repeatedly has been involved into discussions and interviews related to the Prague Spring and Czechoslovak culture. This thesis aims to collect information both from various official sources and by virtue of personal contact with the author himself and to provide an overview of his personality and life.