This paper identifies, analyzes and interprets key challenges that e-retailers face when they decide to expand their e-business into a new market. The main topics are the cross-border factors and e-commerce strategies based on theories from previous studies to drive profitable growth. The paper illustrates the case study of an e-retail company, Dateks, in expansion in the Baltic countries. The findings show that the localization strategy in e-retail companies is more highly used when expanding to a new market. The challenge for an e-retailer in expansion is to be cost-effective.

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Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

One technique used to control the influx of renewable generation while maintaining competitive principles is a Request for Proposals (RFP). However, lack of transmission planning due to a disconnection between generation and transmission owners, difficulty in identifying viable projects, and high risk for proponents stand as obstacles to the goals of an RFP. This research proposes a procedure which minimizes the effect of these obstacles; meeting the purchaser requirements for low price and combining conventional planning concepts with feedback from competitive structures. The general features of the method include definition of generation limits and study area, expansion plan design, transmission cost evaluation, optimal selection of requested generation levels, and final selection of successful proponents. A case study using a real system in New Mexico demonstrates these concepts.

Abbindeexpansion von verschiedenen Artikulationsgipsen bei unterschiedlicher Lagerung

This thesis explains the theoretical background of stochastic differential equations in one dimension. We also show how to solve such differential equations using strong It o-Taylor expansion schemes over large time grids. We also attempt to solve a problem regarding a specific approximation of a stochastic integral for which there is no explicit solution. This approximation, which utilizes the distribution of this particular stochastic integral, gives the wrong order of convergence when performing a grid convergence study. We use numerical integration of the stochastic integral as an alternative approximation, which is correct with regards to convergence.

One technique used to control the influx of renewable generation while maintaining competitive principles is a Request for Proposals (RFP). However, lack of transmission planning due to a disconnection between generation and transmission owners, difficulty in identifying viable projects, and high risk for proponents stand as obstacles to the goals of an RFP. This research proposes a procedure which minimizes the effect of these obstacles; meeting the purchaser requirements for low price and combining conventional planning concepts with feedback from competitive structures. The general features of the method include definition of generation limits and study area, expansion plan design, transmission cost evaluation, optimal selection of requested generation levels, and final selection of successful proponents. A case study using a real system in New Mexico demonstrates these concepts.

This thesis is concerned with the synthesis and reactions of functionalised 3- liydroxypyridines, in particular 2-aryl- and 2-heteroary 1-3-liydroxypyridines by non- coupling methodology, from furan precursors. Chapter 1 reviews the synthesis and reactions of 3-hydroxypyridines. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis of 2-acylfurans via differing methods, which include acylation of the furan nucleus, Grignard reactions of furaldehydes and, most notably, reaction of lithiofurans with reagents containing a nitrile component. Chapter 3 concerns reaction of acylfurans with ammonia at high pressure and temperature to produce 3-hydroxypyridines. We have found that this ring expansion is able to withstand many differing substituents including bromine. Further development of the pyridine ring system involves reaction of the ring atoms or substituents, including protection of the hydroxy group. This ring expansion was used in the development of a novel azabenzotriazole starting from a simple furan compound, and this is reported in Chapter 4.The methodology described in this thesis is versatile and has allowed access to a range of novel pyridine derivatives in synthetically useful quantities which should be of interest in many areas of organic chemistry.

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