With ZigBee being the world’s leading IoT protocol, users are vulnerable to attacks on the wireless communication between ZigBee devices and the information that can be gained from them. For users to protect themselves from potential attacks they need to be aware of what information can be extracted and how it can be countered. Through an eavesdropping experiment, done using three individual sensors from different vendors, various packets with potential for misuse have been identified within the area of building security. With the potential areas of misuse identified, there is also a need for countermeasures against these threats. Countermeasures were identified through a collection of literature that was summarized in order to provide a wide range of alternatives, suitable to different scenarios. The experiment was limited to the functions of the sensors used, as well as traffic using the ZigBee protocol. This study pinpoints a potential for misuse of the ZigBee traffic sent between devices and shows that the ZigBee protocol is fundamentally flawed from a security aspect. Whilst countermeasures exist, they are not applicable to every situation which is why the ZigBee protocol itself needs further development to be considered secure.

Background Given the physical nature of the product, the automotive industry remains as one of the few industries yet to be digitized. And the transformation is happening mostly through the innovation of the Business Model. The industry is seeing a threat of new entrants from outside of the traditional automotive industry. Moreover, established players are considering new business models to serve the changing market. This is where the balance of exploiting current business models and exploring new ones comes into play. Purpose The purpose of our study is to present a framework showing how an ambidextrous approach helps in the challenge of innovating a business model or introduce new business models in the automotive industry. Moreover, we will provide insights into the challenges the business model innovation provides to this industry and propose potential implications for managers. The research will be based on the theory of business model innovation, ambidextrous organizations, and ambidexterity in business models. Method To achieve the purpose of the study, semi-structured interviews were conducted, followed by a grounded analysis. For this study, a literature review was used that generated a theoretical framework. Conclusion Our results and analysis of the interviews are presented in a framework that is based on three identified concepts: Customer and Market, Structures within the Organization, and Ability to Innovate. These three are interrelated in our framework and help us answer the initial research question proposed.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This dissertation takes Chris Hani beyond the conventionally biographic by thinking through his multiple lives and deaths and engaging with his legacy in ways that cannot be contained by singular, linear narratives. By doing so, I offer alternative routes through which to understand historical change, political struggle and subjectivity, as well as biographical and historical production as a conflicted and contested terrain. I attend to these conflicting narratives not as a means through which to reconcile the ‘good’ and ‘bad’ sides of history, struggle, or the political subject. Nor do I sacrifice either to what Frederick Jameson has referred to as a dialectical impasse: a “conventional opposition, in which one turns out to be more defective than the other”, and through which “only one genuine opposite exists… [therefore sharing] the sorry fate of evil… reduced to mere reflection.”1 Instead I place contested narratives about Hani and the anti-apartheid struggle into conversation with one another, and treat them as “equally integral component[s]”2 of the life and legacy of Hani. This I argue, provides fertile ground through which to rethink the lives and times of Martin Thembisile ‘Chris’ Hani, and the political subject more generally. Through a study that focuses on performance and memorialisation, violence, revolution, and spectrality, this dissertation also engages with a number of issues surrounding Hani’s assassination, the transitional period in southern Africa, justice, armed struggle, and the work of mourning in a postapartheid society. It begins by revealing the contested ways in which Hani’s legacy was produced during the anti-apartheid struggle, and how it was contained and acted out in the immediate aftermath of his assassination. This study then goes on to trace how the postapartheid state’s narrative about the struggle against apartheid, has been challenged and undermined, and how differing modes of narrative emplotment have shaped the ways in which we understand this period. Critically, I argue that the operative and contested qualities of historical production mean that Hani’s revolutionary legacy is always already uncontainable. As such this type of legacy and politics haunts the ANC’s postapartheid project and, to paraphrase Jameson, makes the present waver like a mirage on the landscape of postapartheid South Africa.3 Within this framework I ask if rumour and conspiracy surrounding Hani’s assassination merely represent a yearning for ‘truth’, or if these have become a means through which the nation comes to terms with the violence that remains in the wake of apartheid and colonialism, and to call on activists like Hani to judge and denounce capitalism, state violence, corruption, and exploitation. Rather than attempting to reveal the truth of his assassination and political legacy, I end by asking what possibilities might be opened up when we dwell upon the uncertainty and plurality of Hani’s lives and deaths and take seriously the continued presence of Hani and the spectralities that remain. I do so in order to work against the monumental projects of nationalism and the nation-state, and to keep open our horizon of expectation in the face of what David Scott has called the ‘stalled present’ of postcolonial and postsocialist worlds.4

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(人間・環境学) / 甲第23270号 / 人博第985号 / 新制||人||233(附属図書館) / 2020||人博||985(吉田南総合図書館) / 京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻 / (主査)教授 内田 由紀子, 教授 齋木 潤, 教授 月浦 崇 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Human and Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

Abstract Comparative Case Study: The History of Erwin: Sundown Towns Amyre Cain and Dr. Candace Forbes Bright, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Sciences, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN. The conception of Sundown Town is to exploit minorities from their land. This increases white spaces that allow racism and other racial issues to increase. Sundown Town originated between 1865 and the 1930s. After Blacks became free from enslavement, White fear had increased due to the loss of power. White citizens within these towns would forcefully exclude people of color and other ethnicities from their town whenever the sun went down. Specifically, Black residents were forced off of their land by White mobs. In my research, I have examined, through a qualitative case study, how Erwin has Handled and Acknowledged white supremacy and the progress of racial inequality. My methodology for this research consists of interviewing six individuals who not only have played a key role within the community but who are local historians as well. In strengthening the historical understanding of Erwin, there are possibilities for building relations between the black and white communities.

Sex trafficking is a global phenomenon affecting mainly women. This phenomenon is highly apparent in Greece, where thousands of migrant women end up trafficked. In order to understand why this happens, it is important to know the underlying causes of it. Therefore, this researched aimed to find the reasons why migrant women end up as sex trafficking victims in Greece. This was done through primary material gathering, in form of interviews with anti-trafficking agents in Greece, followed by a theme analysis, finding six key themes with reasons why migrant women are trafficked. These were, Vulnerability (of migrant women), Greece as the Portal to the EU, Government Deficiency, Hostility and Segregation (hostility of Greek national towards migrants which leads to their segregation), Trafficking as a Profitable Industry and Cultural Gender Oppression. To further analyze these themes, a triangulation method was used, which compared these results to previous literature on the issue and then further problematized it through different migration and gender-related theories.

Les questions d’alimentation des populations, la préservation de la biodiversité et les risques associés au choc climatique sont les enjeux du changement en agriculture avec l’espoir d’une transition agroécologique. Ce mouvement s’inscrit au niveau local à la croisée du changement prescrit et de l’innovation réalisée sur les exploitations pédagogiques de tous les lycées agricoles. L’étude porte sur la mise en œuvre d’une forme de variation pédagogique pour la formation agroécologique. La thèse fait référence au phénomène de production, particulièrement en agriculture. Une exploration de différents modèles pouvant rendre compte de la situation d’enseignement et d’apprentissage a été réalisée pour retenir le modèle de la périmaîtrise. Il s’agit en sciences de l’éducation d’une théorie du sujet à la croisée des approches psychologique, psychosociologique, sociologique et anthropologique des conditions de l’apprentissage. Dans sa visée praxéologique cette thèse montre une mise en œuvre de variabilité pédagogique sur l’exploitation pédagogique du lycée agricole. Cette recherche s’inscrit dans la perspective d’autres travaux qui portent sur l’accompagnement du changement et leur visée émancipatrice. Elle explore le renouvellement possible de l’organisation des conditions de l’apprentissage agroécologique. La méthodologie s’appuie sur trois situations d’observation contrastées. Tout d’abord sous la forme d’une observation participante, puis d’entretiens des étudiants puis des membres de l’équipe pédagogique engagée dans la réalisation d’un module d’initiative locale. Une enquête nationale clôture le recueil de données.Les premiers résultats montrent l’intérêt des projets d’équipes pluridisciplinaires qui associent l’exploitation en tant que support pédagogique. Les entretiens des apprenants, in situ, avant et après une expérience de conduite d’essais agroécologiques, caractérisent l’évolution des représentations pour une mise en œuvre possible des leviers agroécologiques. L’enquête nationale explore le potentiel pédagogique qu’offre l’exploitation, comme support de l’expérimentation, une organisation pour former autrement à produire autrement. L’articulation des différentes méthodologies et des différents niveaux d’analyse met en évidence l’influence décisive de la pratique sur le terrain, l’effet significatif de la conduite d’essais pour construire les savoirs nouveaux, leur dimension émancipatrice, les meilleures forces d’action pour enseigner et faire apprendre l’agroécologie, le rôle du professeur et la conduite des évaluations comme organisateurs de l’action enseignante.En terme de production de connaissance cette thèse contribue à éclairer la démarche d’accompagnement du changement et tente, pour cela, de développer une intelligibilité des conditions de l’apprentissage agroécologique, leur variabilité, leur intérêt pour la formation aux différents niveaux de l’institution. / Feeding people, preserving biodiversity, assessing the risks linked to climate changes are at stake in the agroecological transition. This movement is both a precribed change and a local innovation in the farms of French agriculture vocational schools. The study focuses on the implementation of a pedagogical variation for agroecological training. The thesis refers to the phenomenon of production, particularly in agriculture. An exploration of different models taking into account teaching as well as learning situations was carried out and we retain the model of “peri-mastering”. In the Education science, this is a theory of the subject at the crossroads of psychology, psychosociology, sociologicy and anthropology approach to the conditions of learning. In its praxeological leg this thesis shows an implementation of pedagogical variability on the high-school farm. This research is part of a group of works dealing with the accompaniment of change and their emancipatory aim. It explores the possibility of renewal of the organization of the conditions of agroecological learning. The methodology is based on observating three contrasting situations: firstly in the form of participant observation, secondly by interviewing students and members of the teaching team engaged in the realization of a “local initiative module”. A national survey closes the data collection. The first results show the interest of multidisciplinary team projects that use the farm as a teaching aid. The learners' interviews, in situ, before and after an experiment in conducting agroecological tests, characterize the evolution of their conceptions in order of implementing agroecological levers. The national survey explores the pedagogical potential of the farm, as a tool for experimentation, an organization to change training in order to change farming. By linking thse different methodologies with different levels of analysis, we have highlighted the decisive influence of field practice, the significant effect of conducting tests in order to build new knowledge, their emancipatory dimension, we have shown the best forces to be used to teach and learn agroecology, the role of the teacher and the conduct of evaluations in organizing the teaching curriculum. In terms of knowledge production, this thesis contributes to shedding light on the process of accompanying change and aims at developing an understanding of the conditions of learning agroecology, the variability of it, the interest in training at different levels of education institutions.

Despite their peacekeeping role in the management of internal armed conflicts, some military peacekeepers have sexually exploited local populations in host countries, resulting in dire social and health consequences and threats to the success of international peace operations. Although researchers have examined sexual violence committed by peacekeepers, few researchers, if any, have used routine activities theory to examine sex offending by peacekeepers. The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which situational opportunities influenced international military peacekeepers' engagement in the sexual exploitation of civilians in the Central African Republic, a peacekeeping host country. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews with 15 research participants, including local witnesses, military officers, representatives of civil society organizations, and United Nations policy makers, and from public records obtained from online sources. Data were coded using an inductive coding strategy and then analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings indicated that both the local and peacekeeping conditions, including lack of deterrence and accountability mechanisms, heightened the vulnerability of local populations to sex predation and motivated peacekeeper sex offenders to engage in sex offending. Local community leaders, civil society organizations, peacekeepers, and policy makers could use study findings to promote educational programs on the institutional responsibility to protect vulnerable civilians as well as shape policies to prevent the commission of sexual exploitation by peacekeepers. These actions may also help susceptible civilians, especially women and girls, to be aware of the risks linked to their vulnerability and empower them to seek legal redress.

Wild-trapped and laboratory-reared Peromyscus maniculatus (Wagner) were raised as confined colonies indoors with various stocking densities ranging from 0.026 to 0.100 mice per sq. ft. in pens of 40, 77, and 154 sq. ft. The animals were individually tagged and all pens were censused at weekly or semi-monthly intervals to record animals present, body weights, food consumption, and overt reproductive condition. At the termination of each experiment, all mice were necropsied and organ weights of gonads and adrenals recorded. Histological sections were made of the testes and ovaries. Half the colonies were subjected to density-independent exploitation by removal of 50% of the mice in each litter before weaning. Colonies stocked with the wild-trapped P. m. rufinus failed to establish a regular pattern of successful breeding and were terminated after one year. The succeeding colonies were stocked with the lab-reared P. m. sonoriensis and these did breed regularly, and the young survived to maturity. Reduction of the population growth rate to zero at the equilibrium density was accomplished by a cessation of breeding by the original females after an average of 2.9 litters was produced by each female. This, combined with a failure of the progeny born into the colony ever to produce young, caused the population growth rate to remain at zero for up to the maximum of 52 weeks permitted in this experiment. The exact mechanism appears to be psycho-physiological in nature, in that regression of the germinal tissues of the adults occurs, and these tissues failed to mature in the progeny in all experiments. Reduction of the population growth rate to zero at equilibrium density is not accomplished by mortality of either young or adults, except when wild-trapped mice are used. Density-independent exploitation of the colonies increased the number of litters born, the litter size, and the total number of young born. There was a tendency for higher pre-weaning mortality. The net effect of these changes was a tendency for reduction in the equilibrium density of the exploited colonies, which may indicate that this species under these conditions is not totally self-regulatory; i.e., equilibrium density may be determined by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. There was no discernible effect of exploitation on the measures of body weight, food consumption, adrenal weight, or adrenal weight per gram of body weight. Many parameters were found to be negatively correlated with stocking density: the length of the reproductive period, numbers of litters born in a colony, total number of young born in a colony, litter size, number of nest boxes occupied by the mice at equilibrium, and the number of mice present in a colony at equilibrium. Some physiological measures proved to be positively correlated with density: progeny weight at three months, adrenal weight, and adrenal weight per gram of body weight.

The study was conducted to examine the effect of exploitation on population parameters of coyotes (Canis latrans). Hypotheses tested were: (1) Substantial levels of exploitation do not change spring and fall coyote densities significantly; (2) Coyote recruitment (reproduction and immigration) rates are unaffected by substantial levels of exploitation; (3) Annual coyote survival rates are not related to intensity of harvest rates; (4) Coyote emigration rates remain unchanged by substantial levels of exploitation. Coyote demographic parameters were measured from 1975 to 1978 for a treatment population subject to substantial exploitation (Curlew Valley, Utah and Idaho), and for an unexploited to lightly exploited control population (Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, INEL). Treatment and control populations were about 100 km apart on environmentally similar areas. Availability and utilization of prey also were similar for the two populations, with the major difference being in the type of lagomorph consumed. Relative spring densities, estimated by scent station indices, increased for both populations over the study period. Relative fall densities in the two areas were estimated by scent station lines, scat indices, and catch-effort indices and increased from 1975 to 1976, but were relatively constant thereafter. Estimates of absolute fall density from isotope labeling of feces also were similar within each area for 1977 and 1978. Neither spring nor fall density estimates were significantly different between areas in any given year or overall. Recruitment rates, as estimated from spring to fall increase in scent station visitation rates generally decreased over the study period, while estimates from age and sex structure of coyotes trapped in the fall increased for both populations over the study period. Estimated recruitment to fall populations (Pf) was consistently greater in Curlew Valley each of the four years, and overall was significantly greater than recruitment at the INEL. Spring to fall change in scent station indices was greater for Curlew Valley for all years except 1975. Annual survival rates were estimated for adults and juveniles marked with transmitters and/or ear tags using methods of statistical inference from band recovery data. Estimated survival rates for adults and juveniles were constant over the study period for each population and did not differ significantly between populations. Estimates of adult and juvenile survival and/or recovery (mortality) rates were significantly different within the Curlew Valley and INEL populations. Estimated hunting mortality rates for adults and juveniles remaining in the treatment population were 56 and 350 percent higher than similar estimates for the control population. Significantly higher in situ juvenile hunting mortality rates were associated with significantly lower nonhunting mortality and emigration rates. Emigration was not only greater from the control population, but it was distributed more evenly over the fall and winter. The following conclusions resulted from the study. Exploitation (kill) rates were substantially higher in the treatment population as expected. Observed differences in fall-winter adult and juvenile in situ kill rates did not produce significant differences in spring or fall densities, or in annual survival rates. Recruitment rates were related directly to hunting mortality rates, while emigration rates were related inversely.