Secondary exposure to trauma has been found to be related to increased burnout and secondary traumatic stress among professionals who work with clients who have experienced trauma (Bride, 2007; Brady, 2008; Peltzer, Matseke, & Louw, 2014; Shoji et al., 2015). Interpersonal factors such as self-efficacy and empathy may support those who experience secondary exposure to trauma by reducing burnout and secondary traumatic stress, and increasing compassion satisfaction (Shakespeare-Finch, Rees, & Armstrong, 2015; Wagaman, Geiger, Shockley, & Segal, 2015). School counselors have not been included in previous studies related to secondary exposure to trauma; however, their professional role in providing support to students in schools places them in direct contact with children and adolescents who have experienced traumatic events. This study investigated the relationships among secondary exposure to trauma, self-efficacy, empathy, and professional quality of life (i.e. burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion satisfaction) for school counselors. A correlation analysis indicated that self-efficacy and empathy were both significantly correlated with burnout and compassion satisfaction. Self-efficacy and secondary exposure to trauma were both significantly correlated with secondary traumatic stress. Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that self-efficacy and empathy were predictors of burnout and compassion satisfaction and self-efficacy and secondary exposure to trauma were predictors of secondary traumatic stress. Implications and recommendations for professional school counselors and school counselor educators are provided.

p. 1-87 / Submitted by Antonio Geraldo Couto Barreto (ppgms@ufba.br) on 2013-10-03T13:00:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_JOSE_ROMULO_FEITOSA_NOGUEIRA.pdf: 1437356 bytes, checksum: cd93fe14e60b4ca6180e209528cb6508 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patricia Barroso(pbarroso@ufba.br) on 2013-10-03T18:01:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_JOSE_ROMULO_FEITOSA_NOGUEIRA.pdf: 1437356 bytes, checksum: cd93fe14e60b4ca6180e209528cb6508 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-03T18:01:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_JOSE_ROMULO_FEITOSA_NOGUEIRA.pdf: 1437356 bytes, checksum: cd93fe14e60b4ca6180e209528cb6508 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático (TEPT) em estudantes universitários vítimas de traumas sexuais, físicos e psicológicos ocorridos em ambientes domésticos, vivenciados na infância e na adolescência. Método: Estudo de corte transversal e caráter censitário, em sete instituições localizadas na região Nordeste do Brasil, com alunos maiores de 18 anos do primeiro e do último semestres teóricos dos cursos de graduação. A coleta de dados efetivada em 2011 utilizou as seguintes escalas: Questionário Sóciodemográfico, Questionário de História de Trauma (THQ) e PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). A estatística descritiva foi utilizada para analisar os dados processados com o uso do Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 17.0. O estudo foi financiado pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) e aprovado em Comitês de Ética em pesquisa dos estados da Bahia e da Paraíba. Resultados: Dentre 2.589 sujeitos elegíveis para o estudo, participaram 2.282 (88,1%), destes, 648 (28,4%) foram expostos a traumas domésticos. Os abusos físicos e psicológicos ocorreram com maior frequência do que os abusos sexuais. Os traumas físicos e psicológicos foram mais frequentes na adolescência e os traumas sexuais tiveram maior frequência no período da infância. As vítimas de traumas domésticos com maior renda familiar apresentaram maior prevalência para TEPT. Os sujeitos que vivenciaram traumas no âmbito doméstico, tanto na infância quanto na adolescência, tiveram maior prevalência para sintomas de TEPT do que os sujeitos com traumas domésticos somente na infância ou somente na adolescência. A prevalência de TEPT nos estudantes vítimas de traumas sexuais, físicos e psicológicos ocorridos em ambientes domésticos, representou, praticamente, o dobro da prevalência encontrada nos sujeitos sem traumas domésticos. Conclusão: Indivíduos expostos a abusos infantis, em âmbito doméstico, podem se tornar mais propensos a desenvolver Transtorno de Estresse Pós-Traumático. / Salvador

Police officers who maintain negative or traumatic information in long-term memory are vulnerable to mental illness, unstable emotional and behavioral responses, interpersonal problems, and impaired social relationships. The cognitive theory suggests that police officers externalize various negative or maladaptive behaviors as a result of frequent exposure to traumatic events. Researchers have found that police officers tend to either not seek mental health treatment, try to fix their own mental health problem, or if in treatment will not be forthcoming with internalized thoughts of psychological distress. The intention of this research was to examine the relationship between police officers' frequent exposure to violence and traumatic events/images and its effect on the long-term mental health issues and significant decreases in cognitive empathy or human compassion within police officers. This quantitative study used a simple linear regression, descriptive analysis, correlational matrix to analyze the data gathered from assessment packets containing a Trauma Symptom Inventory-2A, Paulhus Deception Scale, JHU Project Shields Questionnaire, and a Compassion Scale. Assessment packets were distributed during roll calls to active male and female Norfolk Police Officers assigned to the Patrol Divisions, Detective Division, and Vice/Narcotic Division. A priori power analysis revealed 65 participants were needed to have a valid sample. There were 66 completed assessment packets collected from the researcher's secure drop boxes. The findings were statistically significant suggesting a need for continued research. To effect positive social change, mental health workers and police organizations will use this data to assist in policy construction and mental health training.

No description available.