The resettlement of Baltic Germans from Estonia and Latvia to the Polish territories initiated the dissolution of the Baltic German community and its unique identity, largely causing hardship and suffering throughout the occupation in Poland. The subsequent escape from the Red Army and deportations by the Poles at the end of World War II completed the disbanding. It brought innocent families, as well as Baltic German soldiers, to and beyond the limits of their ability to endure pain and suffering. Yet, throughout the process, Baltic Germans’ reaction to the opportunities and crisis varied greatly. The following study will uncover the diverse fates Baltic Germans endured and reveal the range of Baltic German’s culpability and victimhood throughout the resettlement process and the subsequent migration west.

Although humans engage in committed, long-term pair bonds, many romantic relationships end because one partner no longer desires to be in the relationship. Much of the literature on romantic relationship psychology and behavior has focused on mechanisms related to maintaining a partner. Mate retention behavior functions to deter romantic partners from defection and fend off potential alternative partners. However, when individuals are in a relationship where the costs of remaining in the relationship outweigh the benefits of leaving the relationship, mate expulsion, not retention, may be the desired goal. The present thesis examines mate expulsion behavior and psychology with the goal of developing a measure of mate expulsion to parallel a widely-used measure of mate retention. In my pilot studies, participants (n= 103) nominated behaviors and tactics that people use to reduce commitment in and terminate relationships. I identified 168 unique mate expulsion behaviors from these nominations that fell in the following four categories:signaling a lack of commitment to their partner, signaling their availability to others potential partners, extracting oneself from shared relationship commitments or investments, and reducing dependency on one’s partner or relationship. A separate set of participants (n= 131) rated the frequency with which they had used the behaviors, or had seen their partner use the behaviors, in their actual past break-ups. This procedure reduced the list of utilized tactics to 51 mate expulsion behaviors. A third set of participants (n = 290) in relationships rated the frequency with which they engaged in the 51 behaviors in their current relationship and completed measures of relationships satisfaction and mate retention. As expected, mate expulsion was negatively related to relationship satisfaction. I conducted a preliminary factor analysis using these data, which revealed 7 clusters of mate expulsion behavior: For my thesis, I collected a larger, less gender-biased sample to 1) confirm the factor structure of the mate expulsion inventory and 2) examine the relationships between the mate expulsion inventory, mate retention, and relationship satisfaction. Participants (n = 410) completed the Couple Satisfaction Index-16, the Mate Retention Inventory Short-Form, and the Mate Expulsion Inventory. Mate expulsion was again negatively correlated with relationship satisfaction and a similar, small positive correlation was replicated between mate expulsion and mate retention. My hypothesized model for the confirmatory factor analysis was acceptable but not excellent. I attempted several modifications to improve the measures of fit. Ultimately, the best model included the removal of specific items and eliminating a latent variable. This thesis produced a concise list of mate expulsion behaviors and has expanded on the literature of mating psychology in respect to relationship termination. These results suggest human mating psychology may include mechanisms that function to terminate and maintain relationships.

In early childhood centers, students with disabilities are being suspended and expelled, leaving them with no place to attend school to learn with their peers or to receive early intervention special education services. This study was designed to determine the effects of coaching on the number of suspensions and expulsions of students with disabilities attending early childhood centers. The framework for this study was based on the theory of Conjoint Behavioral Coaching. The research question was: What are the effects of a coaching intervention by early intervention teachers to early childhood teachers on the number of suspensions and expulsions of students with disabilities? A quasi-experimental design was used with data collected from a sample of 27 early childhood centers. The intervention consisted of pairing each early childhood teacher with an early intervention teacher to complete the coaching process. A t-test was utilized to determine a significant difference between pre- and post-suspension and expulsion data. A statistically significant difference was found in suspension and expulsion rates after the coaching intervention was utilized. The coaching appears to provide support for the early childhood teachers so that they are less inclined to suspend or expel students with disabilities from their classrooms. Implications for social change included reducing the high number of suspensions and expulsions in early childhood settings so that students with disabilities were able to remain in their educational setting with their peers who do not have disabilities.

The purpose of the study was to state in a positive manner the rights of administrators in dealing with student suspension, expulsion, and exclusion in substantive and procedural due process matters. A legal. research was used to accomplish the purpose of the study. A review of the literature from 1969 through 1978 was made. The focus of the review was upon attitudes of administrators regarding court cases dealing with student suspension, expulsion and exclusion. A selected review and analysis of United States Constitution, Indiana state law, federal and state appellate court decisions, Indiana Attorney General Opinions and related literature was wade to identify factors guiding school officials in dealing with student due process matters. The study was limited to the laws, court decisions, and Attorney General Opinions in Indiana involving student suspension, expulsion, and exclusion.Even though the study was limited to Indiana, the following considerations would also apply throughout the United States.(1) Students have due process rights. (2) Constitutionality of a school regulation and reasonableness of a rule is a question of law to be decided exclusively by the courts. (3) Boards of education and school administrators have the power to make and enforce reasonable rules and regulations for the proper process in general. (4) Where rules infringe upon freedom of expression, the school officials have the burden of showing justification. (5) Administrators are upset over recent United States Supreme Court decisions and an apparent loss of control of students. (6) A compensatory award to students would be appropriate if the measures of impermissable motivation or disregard of a student's constitutional rights were maliciously violated. (7) Student dismissal for failure of a student to meet academic standards calls for far less stringent procedural requirements than dismissal of a student for violation of valid rules of conduct. (8) The Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution does riot apply to the internal disciplinary operations of a private school. (9) A student involved in a due process matter must take advantage of all administrative remedies available before filing a law suit. (10) School Officials have the authority to expel a student under the age of sixteen for a violation of reasonable rules and regulations. (11) The laws and recent court decisions should not hinder the fair minded school administrator. (12) School attendance records are admissable as evidence in a court of law.In addition to the study findings, the following conclusions, based upon the review and analysis of pertinent constitutional law, federal and state court decisions as well as upon the reading of related literature and conversations with attorneys and school officials were developed. (1) A school official may avoid legal problems in dealing with students if the following steps are followed: (a) The school official must make every attempt to establish reasonable rules and regulations. (b) The school official must carry out discipline procedures without malice. (c) The school official must provide the minimum essentials of due process. 1. Oral and written notice of charges are provided the student. 2. The student must have the opportunity to tell what happened in the incident under investigation. (2) The Indiana Statute on Due Process and Pupil Discipline provides the framework and guide to follow in discipline matters. School corporations may avoid time consuming and expensive court proceedings by adhering to the statute. The courts have overturned student challegnes on substantive and procedural due process if the student had not sought all remedies available under the Indiana Due Process and Pupil Discipline Statute.Even though the study was limited to Indiana, the above listed conclusions, with the exception of number two, would also apply throughout the United States.

Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Droit public : Lille 2 : 2007. / Titre provenant de la page de titre du document numérisé. Bibliogr. p. 493-559. Index.

<p>Due to its close proximity to the gastrointestinal tract, the human urinary tract is</p><p>subjected to constant barrage by gut-­associated bacteria. However, for the most part, this tract has resisted infection by various microbes. The impregnability of the urinary tract to microbial colonization is attributable to the ability of the bladder to promptly sense and mount robust responses to microbial challenge. A powerful mechanism for the elimination of invading bacteria was recently described in bladder epithelial cells, involving non-­lytic ejection of intracellular bacteria back into the extracellular milieu. In spite of the effectiveness of this defense strategy, much of the underlying mechanisms surrounding how this powerful cellular defense activity detects intracellular UPEC and shuttles them from their intracellular location to the plasma membrane of BECs to be exported remains largely a mystery.</p><p> Here, we describe uropathogenic E.coli (UPEC) expelled from infected bladder</p><p>epithelium cells (BECs) within membrane-­bound vesicles as a distinct cellular defense</p><p>response. Examination of the intracellular UPEC revealed that intracellular bacteria were</p><p>initially processed via autophagy, the conventional degradative pathway, then delivered</p><p>into multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and encapsulated in nascent intraluminal vesicle membrane. We further show the bacterial expulsion is triggered when intracellular UPEC follow the natural degradative trafficking pathway and reach lysosomes and attempt to neutralize its pH to avoid degradation. This pathogen-­mediated activity is detected by mucolipin TRP channel 3 (TRPML3), a transient receptor potential cation channel localized on lysosomes, which spontaneously initiates lysosome exocytosis resulting in expulsion of exosome-­encased bacteria. These studies reveal a cellular default system for lysosome homeostasis and also, how it is coopted by the autonomous defense program to clear recalcitrant pathogens.</p> / Dissertation

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Educational Leadership, 2009. / Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-90).

A partir du cas de la politique d'aide au retour volontaire en France, cette recherche propose une interprétation des politiques d'éloignement des étrangers en situation irrégulière, telles qu'elles sont formulées à l'échelle de l'Union européenne sous l'angle du « retour ». Le principe d'expulsion est maintenant transposé dans le champ de l'action sociale, sous la forme de divers dispositifs d'assistance humanitaire qui masquent la dimension de contrainte contenue dans l'objectif final de faire sortir les étrangers du territoire. Ce brouillage amène à s'intéresser aux ressorts matériels et symboliques de la domination qui s'exerce sur les « retournés » par le biais de cette assistance, où s'observe un retournement du rapport des expulsables à leur départ, rebaptisé « volontaire ». En tenant bout à bout l'étude des processus de renvoi et des expériences d'après-retour, il s'agit de mettre en perspective les mythologies et les réalités du phénomène. Pour ce faire, on examine, à travers les mécanismes de relégation, l'ensemble des acteurs et des institutions participant à l'aménagement d'un espace transnational de prise en charge sociale reliant les pays de renvoi aux pays d'où venaient les émigrés, particulièrement dans les effets sociopolitiques et anthropologiques que leurs opérations produisent. / Starting from the issue of assisted voluntary return in France, this research offers an interpretation of removal policies for undocumented foreigners, labeled as "return policy" in the European Union. The principle of deportation has now been transposed to the field of social policy. Therefore, various humanitarian assistance programmes have hidden the notion of obligation which underlies the final goal of having foreigners leave the country. This confusion leads to the study of material and symbolic patterns of domination applied to "returnees”. In fact, this assistance involves a twist in the relation to the departure: undocumented migrants are no longer deportable people but foreigners asking for voluntary departure. Considering the whole process of removal and post deportation experiences, this research is to outline the myths and realities of return. Thus, trough relegation mechanisms, both social actors and institutions have been investigated. Their involvement and its consequences in the set up of a transnational space bonding the "deporting countries" and the countries of origin have been thoroughly analysed from a sociopolitical and an anthropological point of view.

La thèse présente une étude du peuple catholique mosellan pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale qui englobe la hiérarchie épiscopale, le clergé, les congrégations, les laïcs pieux et les pratiquants. Il concerne aussi bien les événements survenus en Moselle que dans les départements d’accueil dans le sud de la France après les évacuations de 1939-1940 et les expulsions de 1940-1941. L’étude exhaustive des archives de l’évêché assez volumineuses car les prêtres ont beaucoup écrits confrontées à d’autres sources et en particulier aux sources allemandes a permis d’appréhender cette bicéphalie qui confère à la Moselle un intérêt particulier puisqu’elle a été à la fois confrontée à la politique nazie antichrétienne à cause de l’annexion et à la politique conciliante envers l’Eglise de l’Etat Français à cause du transfert du plus du tiers de sa population et de la moitié du clergé et des religieux. Cette bicéphalie unique en France, même par rapport à l’Alsace elle-même annexée au Reich, donne une originalité à l’Eglise mosellane. Cette étude a priori régionale, devient ainsi nationale s’inscrivant dans celles des années 80 sur l’Eglise de France, voire même européenne, car la Moselle fut terre d’expérimentation d’une politique antichrétienne nazie. Cette étude devient sociologique lorsqu’elle montre les conséquences sur la pratique religieuse de la dispersion dans un milieu plutôt hostile. Après avoir montré l’omniprésence dans la société mosellane de la religion catholique devenue un élément identitaire lié partiellement au statut concordataire et au maintien des écoles confessionnelles, nous avons respecté la chronologie pour montrer les incidences des faits de guerre sur le peuple catholique mosellan. Nous avons divisé notre travail en deux parties, novembre 1940 et les expulsions constituant le point de rupture. Grâce à l’outil informatique, nous avons pu établir des statistiques précises, cartographier la pratique religieuse et la dispersion. Parfois, cette exigence d’aller puiser à la source et l’analyse historique qui en a découlé a bousculé la mémoire patriotique. Cette étude se propose de combler un vide historiographique et d’être un élément supplémentaire dans la connaissance de l’annexion de la Moselle, de la politique de nazification et de la diaspora mosellane / The thesis presents a study of the catholic people of Moselle during the World War II which includes the episcopal hierarchy, the clergy, the congregations, the pious laity and the practitioners. It concerns as well the events occurring in Moselle than in the reception departments in the south of France after the evacuations from 1939-1940 and the expulsions from 1940-1941. The exhaustive study of the archives of the Bishopric, rather large because the priests have written a lot face to other sources and in particular German sources, helped to understand this two-headed that gives the Moselle particular interest since it was both face anti-Christian Nazi policy because of the annexation and the conciliatory policy towards the Church of the French State due to the transfer of more than a third of its population and half of the clergy and religious. This two-headed, sole in France, even in relation to Alsace itself annexed to the Reich, gives originality to the Church of Moselle. This study, priori regional, becomes national enrolling in those from 80’s upon the Church of France, or even European, because the Moselle was experimentation field of a Nazi anti-Christian policy. This study becomes sociological when it shows the consequences of the religious practice of the dispersion in a rather hostile environment. After demonstrating the omnipresence in the Moselle Catholicism community became an identity element partially related to Concordat status and keeping of religious schools, we respected the chronology to show the impact of acts of war on the Moselle Catholic people. We divided our work into two parts, November 1940 and expulsions constitute the breaking point. With computer skills, we were able to maintain accurate statistics, mapping religious practice and dispersion. Sometimes this requirement to fetch the source and the historical analysis that ensued jostled the patriotic memory. This study aims to fill a historiographical vacuum and be an additional element in the knowledge of the annexation of the Moselle, the politic of Nazification and the Moselle diaspora

Presented diploma thesis with name "Es kommt der Tag...Heims ins Reich?" Expulsion of Sudeten Germans from Czechoslovakia on example of town Prachatice introduces in detail, on the basis of still existing archival materials with normality, steps against people with German nationality after the end of the Second World War. The issue was restriction of their own rights, loss of Czechoslovakia citizenship, in some cases also of freedom, their categorization, assembly for expulsion purpose and transfer of these persons outside borders of Czechoslovakia. The thesis describes in detail course of expulsion, from genesis of this idea to its assertion and preparation to its actual realization. Important part of this thesis is its subsequent application of the presented general facts at specific place town Prachatice. Thanks to it an extensive list with names of German citizens divided according to individual despatched transports and according to original house's numbers of people, who were put in these transports, was created.