歐盟多層次治理由超國家歐盟機構、國家、跨國家網絡與次國家代表團體串聯而成，此四層次行為者緊密相關並互動產出歐盟政策。此模式進而延伸至歐盟境外治理，使得管制(regulation)增加，區域無政府狀態也漸趨向制度化(institutionalized)。三大同步進展的推動力導致歐盟多層次治理。其一，歐盟公民共享世界觀形塑出歐盟內部一致性；其二，歐盟中央化(centralize)成員國不能或不願治理之議題領域；其三，歐盟分裂化(fragmentate)其治理權威予跨國家網絡與次國家代表團體。歐盟境外治理以其周邊為主，其面向潛在會員國的擴大政策(enlargement policy)將區域和平共榮區大幅擴張，為國際關係史上的巨大成就。同時，歐盟對於非潛在會員國的境外治理行為模式漸受關注。此即會籍條件性(membership conditionality)與政策條件性(policy conditionality)的比較。 　　歐盟地中海政策即歐盟對於非潛在會員國境外治理的個案。相較於以中東北非區域或非洲區域為整體，地中海區域主義更加密切，並因而有其研究價值。歐盟作為成員國集體行動的代理人(agent)，在歐盟地中海政策的推展中，也漸產生前述的多層次治理模式。本文對歐盟地中海政策網絡進行檢驗，並發現其與主權國家的外交政策的相異性。就低主權爭議性而言，跨國家與次國家層次有效迴避殖民遺緒爭議與干涉內政疑慮；就高政策滲透性而言，跨國與地方網絡易於串聯滲透至地中海區域公民社會、企業及地方代表機構之中，有助於促成文化同質性與共同生活經驗，並從根本上促進和平共榮區的目標；就低強制性而言，歐盟地中海政策中的共有制(co-ownership)精神，國家、跨國家與次國家層次的自願參與及水平式合作，都使得地中海夥伴國較以往更願意納入歐盟地中海政策的治理網絡之中。 / EU multilevel governance consists of supranational institutions, nation states, transnational advocacy networks and subnational representative bodies. The interplay of these four levels contributes to EU policies, and even EU external governance, which mainly focuses on its neighborhood. EU enlargement policy toward potential member states successfully expands EU area of peace and prosperity. Meanwhile, EU external governance in non-potential member states become systematic and obvious. EU Mediterranean policy is a case of EU external governance in non-potential member states. Compared to the development of regionalism in Middle East and North Africa (MENA) or Africa, regionalism across Mediterranean Sea is much stronger and thus worth more researches. EU promotes its Mediterranean policy in a way of multilevel governance as well, especially after Arab uprising in 2011 as EU starts to cooperate more with legislatures and non-governmental organizations in Mediterranean regions instead of depending on governments there. This thesis examines the networks of EU Mediterranean policy and figures out that they are different from diplomatic policies of sovereign states. First, they involve less sovereignty issues since transnational and subnational level effectively avoid post-colonial disputes and intervention concerns. Second, they are highly accessible because of their strong connections with civil society, enterprises and local representative bodies in the Mediterranean region. Third, they uphold principle of co-ownership and political pluralism and participants are thus more willing to join the policy networks.

Submitted by Flávia Furtado Pessoa de Mendonça (flaviafurtpessoa@gmail.com) on 2017-02-06T16:46:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_final.pdf: 699787 bytes, checksum: 2c7f4669c8ae8ce09d6df21d2d9b8923 (MD5) / Rejected by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Boa tarde Flávia, Para que possamos dar andamento ao seu trabalho é necessário fazer alguns ajustes. Vou encaminhar para seu e-mail e apos as modificações submete-lo novamente, qualquer duvida estamos a disposição. att, Pâmela Tonsa on 2017-02-06T16:55:35Z (GMT) / Submitted by Flávia Furtado Pessoa de Mendonça (flaviafurtpessoa@gmail.com) on 2017-02-06T16:56:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_final.pdf: 699787 bytes, checksum: 2c7f4669c8ae8ce09d6df21d2d9b8923 (MD5) / Rejected by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Segue e-mail com as instruções. on 2017-02-06T17:13:20Z (GMT) / Submitted by Flávia Furtado Pessoa de Mendonça (flaviafurtpessoa@gmail.com) on 2017-02-06T21:56:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 V_Final_Dissertação.pdf: 663080 bytes, checksum: f0dd7f728566fbdf6508116ee4f3b840 (MD5) / Rejected by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br), reason: Bom dia Flávia, Para que possamos aprovar seu trabalho é necessário alguns ajustes conforme norma ABNT/APA. * Conforme a norma é necessário ter AGRADECIMENTO, RESUMO E ABSTRACT deve ser em letra maiúscula. Após os ajustes você deve submete-lo novamente para analise e aprovação. Qualquer duvida estamos a disposição, Pâmela Tonsa 3799-7852 on 2017-02-07T10:27:49Z (GMT) / Submitted by Flávia Furtado Pessoa de Mendonça (flaviafurtpessoa@gmail.com) on 2017-02-07T11:54:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação 7 fev.pdf: 663438 bytes, checksum: da318f2809429d14d0837b10759e9367 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2017-02-07T12:20:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação 7 fev.pdf: 663438 bytes, checksum: da318f2809429d14d0837b10759e9367 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-07T17:13:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação 7 fev.pdf: 663438 bytes, checksum: da318f2809429d14d0837b10759e9367 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-20 / A dissertação teve o objetivo de investigar de que forma os Mecanismos Externos de Governança (MEG) impactam a alavancagem da empresa, em uma amostra de 40 países, que engloba um total de 12.968 empresas. O diferencial do estudo está na distinção entre os MEG que afetam a proteção dos acionistas daqueles que afetam os direitos dos credores. Os resultados sugerem que as empresas se alavancam de maneira coerente ao previso pela Teoria da Pecking Order. Observou-se os MEG associados à proteção dos investidores, de fato, influenciam na escolha pela estrutura de capital da empresa. Empresas com alta proteção aos direitos dos acionistas foram, em média, menos alavancadas do que empresas com baixa proteção aos acionistas. Alta proteção dos credores possui impacto positivamente relacionado com a alavancagem, o que sugere que alta proteção aos credores diminuem o custo da dívida e fazem com que as empresas deem preferência a este tipo de financiamento externo. Os resultados se mostraram robustos diante de algumas variações no modelo. / This study aimed to investigate how the External Governance Mechanisms (EGM) impact the company’s leverage, in a sample of 40 countries, including a total of 12,968 companies. The differential of the research lies in the distinction between EGMs that affect the protection of shareholders from those that affect the creditors rights. The results suggest that firms leverage are consistent to what was predicted by the Pecking Order Theory. It was observed that EGMs associated with investor protection do in fact influence the choice of the firm’s capital structure. Companies with high protection of shareholder rights were, on average, less leveraged than companies with low shareholder protection. High creditors protection has a positive impact on leverage, which suggests that high creditors protection reduces the cost of debt and makes companies prefer this type of external financing. The results were robust considering some variations in the model.

This paper studies the dynamics of the EU external migration policy by applying the external governance theory on the Global approach to migration (GAM) while exploring the nature of migration relations between the Union and the third countries. The Global approach to migration is based on the integration of migration issues (based on four thematic dimensions) in the EU external relations and on strengthening cooperation and dialogue with partner countries. The aim of the thesis is to clarify by the theory of external governance the relations between the EU and partner countries with which the EU cooperates in the management of migration flows. More specifically, the thesis focuses on mutual relations, which are reflected in cooperation on migration issues and answers the question whether GAM raised a qualitative change in relations between the EU and partner countries. Further, the text aspires on the reflection of the international role of the EU in its external relations of migration. The thesis identifies 10 major platforms of cooperation between the EU and third countries: (1) The European Neighbourhood Policy, (2) The Euro-African Process on Migration and Development, (3) The EU-Africa Partnership on Migration, Mobility and Employment, (4) The Union for Mediterranean, (5) Dialogue on...

The thesis focuses on analyzing the support of democracy model through the external governance and its efficiency as potentially more successful alternative to leverage and linkage. The theoretical part shows that democratic governance defines democracy according to the following principles: transparency, accountability and public participation. It is also based on the concept of external governance, which focuses on expanding EUs internal rules beyond its borders. For this purpose the case of Eastern Partnership was chosen. This case uses the mechanism of external governance and also applies the strategy of the support of the democracy in sector cooperation. The efficiency of this initiative or rather support of the democracy through the external governance is evaluated by comparative analysis of impact of cooperation of EU and partner country on their legislative development within the three selected sector policies (energy industry, environmental protection, justice and home affairs). The time period for the research is from establishing of the initiative in 2009 to the summit in Vilnius in the fall 2013. After general assessment of the results it can be said that the EU was successful in more than half the studied cases and thus EU is, more or less capable of an integration of its democratic...