Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:59:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007 - Erika Cristina Dias de Oliveira.pdf: 213966 bytes, checksum: dbf8cfca7211b798b6da84c3d31f3aa5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-11-13 / Meat characteristics of ? Guzer? x ? Simmental x ? Nellore (GG1); ? Guzer? x ? Limousin x ? Nellore (GG2) and ? Guzer? x ? Simbrasil x ? Nellore (GG3) heifers were evaluated. Each experimental group was constituted by eight animals. The females were finished in feedlot and presented respective average weights to GG1; GG2 and GG3 of 379,33 ? 13.65; 378.00 ? 11.53 kg and 382.83 ? 9.25 kg at the feedlot beginning and 446.00 ? 10.07 kg; 441.00 ? 10.54 kg e 449.00 ? 11.53 kg in the slaughter occasion. The heifers consumed a diet with 12.5% of crude protein and 73.5% of total digestible nutrients (TDN). The roughage was constituted by millet grass and the concentrate by sorghum. cottonseed. limestone and sugar cane residue. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) to the percentages of damp (74.12; 75.12% and 75.65%). ether extract (1.98; 2.30% e 2.22%). crude protein (23.19; 22.15% and 22.29%)). defrosting loss (6.54; 5.89% and 6.03%). as well as to the averages obtained to coloration (4.38; 4.50 and 4.38). texture (4.63; 4.50 e 4.38). firmness (4.38 and 4.63). taste (8.38 and 8.63). juiciness (8.63; 8.50 and 8.38) and tenderness (8.25 and 7.75) evaluated by panel method. . The meat from GG2 and GG3 animals. presented major losses on coction (25.92% and 27.46% vs 21.95%) and superior mineral contents (4.31% e 4.40% vs 3.87%) in relation to GG1. Considering the experimental conditions and the evaluated genetic groups. it was concluded that ? Guzer? x ? Limousin x ? Nellore. and ? Guzer? x ? Simbrasil x ? Nellore heifers present similar meat quality observed by the homogeneity existent between the groups to the evaluated characteristics. The taurine genotype until 25% does not promote differences in meat sensorial items and losses by defrosting. except to minor losses on coction and mineral contents influence by the Simmental genotype. / As caracter?sticas da carne de novilhas ? Guzer? x ? Simental x ? Nelore (GG1) ; ? Guzer? x ? Limousin x ? Nelore (GG2) e ? Guzer? x ? Simbrasil x ? Nelore (GG3) foram avaliadas. Cada grupo experimental era constitu?do por oito animais. As f?meas foram terminadas em confinamento e apresentaram pesos m?dios respectivos para GG1; GG2 e GG3 de 379,33 ? 13,65; 378,00 ? 11,53 kg e 382,83 ? 9,25 kg no in?cio do confinamento e 446,00 ? 10,07 kg ; 441,00 ? 10,54 kg e 449,00 ? 11,53 kg na ocasi?o do abate. As novilhas consumiram uma dieta com 12,5% de prote?na bruta e 73,5% de nutrientes digest?veis totais (NDT). O volumoso foi constitu?do por silagem de milheto e o concentrado a base de sorgo, caro?o de algod?o, calc?rio calc?tico e mela?o. N?o houve diferen?a significativa (P>0,05) para as percentagens de umidade (74,12; 75,12% e 75,65%), extrato et?reo (1,8; 2,30% e 2,22%), prote?na bruta (23,19; 22,15% e 22,29%) e perda no descongelamento (6,54; 5.89% e 6,03%), bem como para as m?dias obtidas para colora??o (4.38; 4,50 e 4,38), textura (4,63; 4,50 e 4,38), firmeza (4,38 e 4,63), sabor (8,38 e 8,63), sucul?ncia (8,63; 8,50 e 8,38) e maciez (8,25 e 7,75) avaliadas pelo m?todo do painel. As carnes das novilhas GG2 e GG3 apresentaram maiores perdas na coc??o (25,92% e 27,46% vs 21,95%) e teores mais elevados de mat?ria mineral (4,31% e 4,40% vs 3,87%) em rela??o ao GG1. Considerando as condi??es experimentais e os grupos gen?ticos avaliados, conclui-se que novilhas ? Guzer? x ? Limousin x ? Nelore, e ? Guzer? x ? Simbrasil x ? Nelore apresentam carne de qualidade semelhante observada pela homogeneidade existente entre os grupos para as caracter?sticas estudadas. O grau de sangue taurino em at? 25% n?o promove diferen?a na carne para os itens sensoriais e perdas por descongelamento, com exce??o da menor perda por coc??o e teor de minerais influenciado pelo sangue Simental.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CristinaE_DISSERT.pdf: 524500 bytes, checksum: 7087fd25119bfbf656e04c3c7d840371 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-08 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Considering the constant environmental changes, the ability to introduce new food items in the diet is crucial to omnivore animal survival. For optimal nourishment and lessening of intoxication risks, the animals must detect signs that indicate which items are adequate for their intake. We investigate some factors that interfere in the responses to non familiar food, modulating their neophobic behavior, of marmosets Callithrix jacchus, an omnivore and generalist primate, native to Northeast Brazil, known for being cautious in ingesting not known food. We analyzed the influence of food taste (sweet or salty), pregnancy and sex in feeding behavior and neophobic responses in these animals. 10 captive females were first selected, 5 of them being then pregnant. The females, pregnant or not, ate more when presented to the sweet items than to the salty ones. Pregnant females, however, themselves were less neophobic to both tastes, being also strongly neophilic to the sweets. We verified then the influence of nourishment during pregnancy on young males and females post natal feeding behavior. We observed 10 young divided in two groups, one whose mother ate that food item during pregnancy and one whose mother had no contact to it. In the first group that food was more easily accepted by the young, suggesting that neofobia and feeding behavior had a pre natal influence. Female young also ingested more food and were less neophobic than males, a difference already observed in behavior of adults of these specie. These results suggest that the low neophobic behavior to sweet food showed by females can be adaptive, and might have bestowed more fitness to those who presented it / Considerando as constantes mudan?as ambientais, a capacidade de introduzir alimentos novos na dieta ? essencial para a sobreviv?ncia de animais on?voros. Para a otimiza??o do forrageio e diminui??o dos riscos de intoxica??o, ? necess?rio ao animal detectar sinais que indiquem quais itens s?o adequados ou n?o para o consumo. Investigamos alguns fatores que interferem na resposta aos alimentos n?o familiares, modulando comportamentos neof?bicos em sag?is Callithrix jacchus, primatas nativos do nordeste brasileiro, animais on?voros e generalistas, por?m cautelosos na ingest?o de itens desconhecidos. Foi analisada a influ?ncia da qualidade gustativa dos alimentos (doce e salgado), da gesta??o, e do sexo no comportamento alimentar e na resposta neof?bica desses animais. Selecionamos inicialmente 10 f?meas de origem cativa, sendo cinco gr?vidas e cinco n?o. As f?meas apresentadas aos itens doces ingeriram maior quantidade do que aquelas apresentadas ao item salgado, estando ou n?o gestantes. Contudo, f?meas gr?vidas se mostraram menos neof?bicas para ambos os alimentos, embora demonstrassem forte neofilia para os doces. Verificamos ent?o a influ?ncia da alimenta??o das gr?vidas no comportamento alimentar p?s-natal de seus filhotes f?meas e machos. Observamos 10 filhotes: um grupo cuja m?e teve contato com o alimento na gesta??o e um cuja m?e n?o tivera esse contato. No primeiro grupo o alimento foi mais facilmente aceito pelos filhotes, sugerindo que a neofobia e a prefer?ncia alimentar possuam influ?ncia pr?-natal. Al?m disso, filhotes f?meas ingeriram mais alimentos e mostraram-se menos neof?bicas que filhotes machos, diferen?a j? observada em adultos da mesma esp?cie. Nossos resultados sugerem que o comportamento de baixa neofobia aos alimentos doces apresentado pelas f?meas possa ser adaptativo, e tenha conferido uma maior aptid?o ?quelas que o apresentassem

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-13T20:11:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbaraThaiseDaSilvaFreire_DISSERT.pdf: 2117227 bytes, checksum: ea3ed2322a685c0dbab26e3132b6aeee (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-15T23:55:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbaraThaiseDaSilvaFreire_DISSERT.pdf: 2117227 bytes, checksum: ea3ed2322a685c0dbab26e3132b6aeee (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-15T23:55:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BarbaraThaiseDaSilvaFreire_DISSERT.pdf: 2117227 bytes, checksum: ea3ed2322a685c0dbab26e3132b6aeee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O envolvimento de receptores do tipo 5-HT3, assim como a rela??o do N?cleo Dorsal da Rafe na modula??o da ansiedade vem sendo citados na literatura. Levando em considera??o a grande parcela da popula??o que ? afetada pelos transtornos de ansiedade, torna-se imprescind?vel a procura por novas formas de tratamento mais eficientes e pelo aumento do conhecimento acerca do assunto. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo ? testar a hip?tese de que receptores do tipo 5-HT3 presentes na por??o dorsal do n?cleo dorsal da rafe (NDR) modulem as respostas relacionadas ? ansiedade em ratas. No experimento 1, ratas Wistar com ? 90 dias de idade receberam tratamento (v.o) de ondansetrona na dose de 0,1, 1 e 10 mg/kg/mL e, 60 minutos ap?s, foram submetidas ao teste do Labirinto em T Elevado (LTE). 24 horas ap?s o LTE, os animais receberam novamente a ondansetrona e foram submetidas ao teste do Campo Aberto. Nos experimentos 2 e 3, as ratas foram submetidas ? cirurgia estereot?xica para implanta??o de c?nula intra-NDR e receberam administra??o local de salina ou dolasetrona nas doses de 100, 500 e 1000nmol (experimento 2) ou salina ou mCPBG nas doses de 2,5, 5 e 10?g (experimento 3). Em ambos, 5 minutos ap?s a infus?o com a droga, os animais foram submetidos ao teste do LTE, e 24 horas ap?s, receberam infus?o e foram submetidos ao teste do Campo Aberto para obten??o de curvas doseresposta. A ondansetrona na dose de 10mg/Kg/mL aumentou a lat?ncia de fuga no LTE, sugerindo um efeito do tipo panicol?tico. A dolasetrona n?o promoveu nenhum efeito no teste do LTE, em nenhuma das doses testadas. J? o agonista mCPBG em todas as doses aumentou a lat?ncia de esquiva inibit?ria em todas as tentativas, sugerindo um efeito do tipo ansiog?nico. Os resultados obtidos no teste do Campo Aberto mostrou que n?o houve altera??o na atividade locomotora das ratas causada pelos tratamentos. Os dados obtidos refor?am a import?ncia dos receptores 5-HT3 no NDR na modula??o da ansiedade. / The involvement of both 5-HT3 receptors and dorsal raphe nucleus in the modulation of anxiety has been presented in the literature. Considering that most of population is affected by anxiety disorders, it is essential to search for new and more efficient forms of treatment and to increase the knowledge on the subject. The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that the 5-HT3 receptors in the dorsal part of the dorsal raphe nucleus (dNDR) modulates the responses related to anxiety in rats. In experiment one, female Wistar rats with ? 90 days old were treated (p.o.) with ondansetron at doses of 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg/mL and 60 minutes later, were submitted to the elevated T maze (ETM) test. 24 hours later, they received ondansetron and were submitted to the open Field Test. In the experiments 2 and 3, the rats were submitted to the stereotactic surgery for implantation of intra-NDR cannula and received administration (via infusion) of saline or dolasetron at doses of 100, 500 and 1000nmol (experiment 2) or saline or mCPBG at doses of 2.5, 5 and 10mg (experiment 3). In both experiments, 5 minutes after the infusion of the drug, the animals were submitted to the test of ETM, and 24 hours after, they received drug infusion and were submitted to the open field test, to obtain dose-response curves. Ondansetron at a dose of 10mg/kg/mL increased latency of escape response in ETM, suggesting an panicolytic-like effect. The dolasetron caused no effect in ETM test in any of the tested doses. The agonist mCPBG instead, increased the inhibitory avoidance latency in all doses, suggesting an anxiogenic-like effect. Data obtained in the open field test showed no change in locomotor activity of rats following the treatments. The data here obtained supports the importance of 5-HT3 receptors in the NDR in the modulation of anxiety.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-11-22T21:32:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaMariaCardosoAiresLisboa_TESE.pdf: 1706951 bytes, checksum: 90ca20bb2b95d79b8d221d1fdf02ddc8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-11-24T22:51:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaMariaCardosoAiresLisboa_TESE.pdf: 1706951 bytes, checksum: 90ca20bb2b95d79b8d221d1fdf02ddc8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-24T22:51:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarolinaMariaCardosoAiresLisboa_TESE.pdf: 1706951 bytes, checksum: 90ca20bb2b95d79b8d221d1fdf02ddc8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-21 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A sele??o sexual ? respons?vel pela evolu??o de diversos sinais visuais consp?cuos utilizados na comunica??o intra e interespec?fica de in?meras esp?cies. Os lagartos t?m sistema visual com fotorreceptores que s?o sens?veis aos comprimentos de onda UV, e algumas esp?cies utilizam ornamentos de cor UV na comunica??o. Neste estudo, utilizamos espectrofotometria para obter evid?ncias de ornamenta??o UV em lagartos Ameivula ocellifera. Utilizando um aparato experimental em formato de arena, obtivemos evid?ncias do papel da sinaliza??o UV na sele??o sexual (prefer?ncia de f?meas e competi??o entre machos). Nossos resultados revelaram que a sinaliza??o UV ? importante na prefer?ncia de f?meas, uma vez que as mesmas exibem prefer?ncia por machos com maior reflect?ncia UV em rela??o aos machos com reflect?ncia experimentalmente reduzida. Tamb?m descobrimos que os machos com UV reduzido n?o foram mais propensos a perder disputas do que os controle, embora quanto maior a diferen?a de reflect?ncia UV entre os pares, menor o tempo de avalia??o entre os rivais antes do combate. Para avaliar se os sinais de cor s?o informativos da qualidade, testamos dois ornamentos de machos de A. ocellifera contra tra?os morfol?gicos e desempenho fisiol?gico. Descobrimos que machos maiores apresentaram comprimentos de onda UV e m?dio mais intensos nos ocelos dorsolaterais e, em contraste, os machos de cabe?a menor tiveram o croma UV mais intenso nas escamas ventrais exteriores (EVEs). Conclu?mos que a mesma caracter?stica de cor transmite diferentes mensagens dependendo da posi??o do sinal no corpo dos lagartos, sendo um indicativo de estrat?gias alternativas de sinaliza??o. Al?m disso, um maior brilho nas EVEs foi associado a maior for?a de mordida, sendo este um sinal confi?vel de capacidade de luta do macho. Esses resultados sugerem que existe um sistema de sinaliza??o m?ltipla na esp?cie. Por fim, modelamos os sistemas visuais de A. ocellifera e de dois tipos de predadores (ave de rapina e serpente) para descobrir como as manchas de colora??o s?o percebidas e explorar as consequ?ncias da colora??o consp?cua em termos de press?es seletivas. Encontramos dicromatismo entre os sexos, com a reflect?ncia UV de machos mais vis?veis e altamente distingu?veis dos das f?meas a partir do sistema visual de A. ocellifera. Os sinais UV foram altamente percept?veis quando em contraste com a colora??o do corpo e do ambiente natural para A. ocellifera e, menos mas ainda percept?veis, para os predadores, concordando com a hip?tese da condu??o sensorial. Esta tese esclarece o papel dos sinais sexuais e sua import?ncia nas comunica??es intra e interespec?ficas em lagartos. Nossas descobertas baseiam futuros estudos sobre evolu??o e comportamento e expandem o conhecimento acerca das sele??es natural e sexual propostas por Darwin. / Sexual selection is responsible for the evolution of many conspicuous visual signals used in intra and interspecific communication of innumerous species. Lizards have acute visual systems with retinal photoreceptors that are sensitive to UV wavelengths, and some species use UV colour ornaments for communication. In this study, we used UV full-spectrum reflectance spectrophotometry to collect data from Ameivula ocellifera UV structural colouration. Using an arena-form experimental set, we obtained evidence for the role of UV signaling in sexual selection (mate choice and male-male interactions). Our results showed that UV chroma is important in female association preference, as females exhibit spatial preference for males of higher UV reflectance over males with experimentally reduced UV reflectance. We also found that A. ocellifera males with experimentally reduced UV reflectance were not more likely to lose contests than control males, although bigger the difference of UV reflectance between pairs, smaller the evaluation time between rivals before the contest. We also tested two male ornaments in A. ocellifera against morphological traits and physiological performance to assess whether colour signals are informative for male quality traits. We found that larger males had more intense short (UV) and medium wavelength chroma on dorsolateral eyespots and, in contrast, smaller-headed males had more intense UV chroma on outer ventral scales (OVS). We concluded that the same colour trait convey different messages depending on the body position of the signal, perhaps indicative of alternative signalling strategies. Moreover, higher brightness on OVS signals were associated with stronger bite force, being a reliable signal of fighting ability. These results suggest that there is a multiple signalling system in our model species. Finally, we modeled the visual system of A. ocellifera, snake and avian predators to access how colour patches appear to the receivers. We found that there are dichromatism between sexes, with UV signals of males more conspicuous in reflectance and highly distinguishable from females to conspecifics visual system. UV signals were highly perceptible from body colouration and from natural background to conspecifics and less but still perceptible to predators, agreeing with sensory drive hypothesis. This thesis enlighten the role of sexual signals and their importance on intra and interspecific communications in lizards. Our findings support further studies on evolution and behavior and expand the knowledge on natural and sexual selections initiated by Darwin.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:37:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuaneMSF_DISSERT.pdf: 1389510 bytes, checksum: 8552b7721296822725c28f11de3be41a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-30 / GABAergic neurotransmission has been implicated in many aspects of learning and memory, as well as mood and anxiety disorders. The amygdala has been one of the major focuses in this area, given its essential role in modulating emotionally relevant memories. However, studies with male subjects are still predominant in the field. Here we investigated the consequences for an aversive memory of enhancing or decreasing GABAergic transmission in the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA). Wistar female rats were trained in the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task, in which they had to learn to avoid one of the enclosed arms where an aversive stimulus consisting of a bright light and a loud noise was given (day 1). Fifteen minutes before the test session (day 2) animals received 0,2 μL infusions of either saline solution, the GABAergic agonist muscimol (0,05 mg/ml), or the GABAergic antagonist bicuculine (0,025 mg/ml) bilaterally intra-BLA. On the test day, females in proestrous or estrous presented adequate retrieval and did not extinguish the task, while females in metestrous or diestrous presented impaired retrieval. In the first group, muscimol infusion impaired retrieval and bicuculline had no effect, suggesting naturally low levels of GABAergic transmission in the BLA of proestrous and estrous females. In the second group, muscimol infusion had no effect and bicuculline reversed retrieval impairment, suggesting naturally high levels of GABAergic transmission in the BLA of metestrous and diestous females. Additionally, proestrous and estrous females presented higher anxiety levels compared to metestrous and diestrous females, which could explain better performance of this group. On the other hand, BLA GABAergic system did not interfere with the innate fear response because drug infusions had no effect in anxiety. Thus, retrieval alterations caused by the GABAergic drugs were probably related specifically to memory processes / A transmiss?o GABA?rgica est? envolvida em diversos aspectos do aprendizado e da mem?ria, assim com em transtornos de humor e ansiedade. Um dos grandes focos nessa ?rea tem sido a am?gdala, uma estrutura essencial para a modula??o de mem?rias emocionais. Entretanto, os estudos na ?rea s?o majoritariamente feitos em machos. Nesse trabalho foi investigado em ratas as consequ?ncias de uma transmiss?o GABA?rgica aumentada ou reduzida na am?gdala basolateral (BLA) para uma mem?ria aversiva. Ratas Wistar foram treinadas na esquiva discriminativa no labirinto em cruz elevado, aprendendo a evitar um dos bra?os fechados, onde recebiam um est?mulo aversivo consistindo de uma luz forte e um som alto (dia 1). Quinze minutos antes do teste (dia 2) os animais receberam 0,2μL de solu??o salina, do agonista GABA?rgico muscimol (0,05 mg/ml), ou do antagonista GABA?rgico bicuculina (0,025 mg/ml) bilateralmente intra-BLA. F?meas testadas em proestro e estro evocaram adequadamente e n?o extinguiram a tarefa, enquanto f?meas testadas em metaestro e diestro tiveram um d?ficit na evoca??o. No primeiro grupo, a infus?o de muscimol prejudicou a evoca??o e a infus?o de bicuculina n?o teve efeito, indicando n?veis naturalmente baixos de transmiss?o GABA?rgica na BLA de f?meas em proestro e estro. J? no segundo grupo, a infus?o de muscimol n?o teve efeito e a infus?o de bicuculina reverteu o d?ficit na evoca??o, indicando n?veis naturalmente altos de transmiss?o GABA?rgica na BLA de f?meas em metaestro e diestro. F?meas em proestro e estro apresentaram maiores n?veis de ansiedade quando comparadas ?s f?meas em metaestro e diestro, o qu? poderia explicar o melhor desempenho desse grupo. Entretanto, o sistema GABA?rgico da BLA provavelmente n?o interfere com o medo inato, uma vez que os f?rmacos n?o tiveram efeito na ansiedade. Dessa forma, as altera??es na evoca??o causadas por eles parecem estar relacionadas especificamente a processos mnem?nicos

Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-04T18:05:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NATALIA_PRADELLA_CIGNACHI_TES.pdf: 6840858 bytes, checksum: 8e5f3ae6a98395bf09135b6770903f35 (MD5) / Rejected by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br), reason: Devolvido devido ? falta da capa institucional no arquivo em PDF. on 2018-06-14T14:34:13Z (GMT) / Submitted by PPG Odontologia (odontologia-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-19T13:28:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NAT?LIA_PREDELLA_CIGNACHI_TES.pdf: 11102267 bytes, checksum: 121fbf4d2b9ae1c4a36e21d23ab3140d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2018-06-27T14:32:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 NAT?LIA_PREDELLA_CIGNACHI_TES.pdf: 11102267 bytes, checksum: 121fbf4d2b9ae1c4a36e21d23ab3140d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T14:43:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NAT?LIA_PREDELLA_CIGNACHI_TES.pdf: 11102267 bytes, checksum: 121fbf4d2b9ae1c4a36e21d23ab3140d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-01-25 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This thesis encompasses two parts: firstly, we compared the bone healing in female and male mice, after induction of type 1 diabetes (T1D); secondly, the bone regeneration was evaluated in a menopause model induced by bilateral ovariectomy (OVX), with or without T1D induction. For the part I, the animals (female and male) were initially assigned into two groups, namely control or T1D (elicited by streptozotocin; STZ). In the part II, the females were divided into four experimental groups: sham-operated or OVX, with or without STZ T1D induction. After T1D induction, a monocortical femoral defect was created. In either parts of the present study, we evaluated the effects of supplementation with vitamin D3 and/or insulin. In the second part, the effects of estrogen replacement were also analyzed. Following 21 days of bone defect creation, the animals were euthanized; the femurs and blood were collected for posterior analysis. Both T1D females and males presented a reduction in body weight gain, associated with hyperglycemia. There were no changes in the serum levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-1? (IL-1?), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-? (IFN-?)] in all the evaluated groups. T1D mice of both sexes presented a delayed bone regeneration, according to the histological and micro-CT assessment. The supplementation with vitamin D3 restored the bone healing in female and male T1D mice, reaching values close to controls. The insulin therapy improved the bone remodeling in T1D mice of both sexes, but the effects of this hormone were superior in males. The evaluation of osteoclast activity did not reveal significant differences among the experimental groups. Real time PCR revealed slight differences in the mRNA expression of two transcription factors related to osteoblast differentiation, namely runx2 and osterix, as measured in the area into the bone defect. A higher upregulation of both factors was seen in T1D males treated with vitamin D3. Conversely, vitamin D3-treated T1D females displayed an upregulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), further indication sex-related differences for the treatments. Besides the experimental protocols described for the 12 part I of this thesis, in the part II, we also evaluated some behavioral locomotor parameters and serum levels of calcium and alkaline phosphatase. OVX animals presented increased body weight gain, accompanied by uterus atrophy. Otherwise, T1D induction elicited a reduction of body weight gain, which was more pronounced in OVX-T1D animals. Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase were divergent in the non-diabetic and T1D OVX animals. Calcium or cytokine levels were similar in all the experimental groups. The sham-operated T1D, the non-diabetic OVX and the OVX-T1D groups presented a delayed bone regeneration, as indicated by histological and micro-CT analysis. Estrogen replacement improved the bone healing in all OVX groups. There was a trend toward an upregulation of IGF-1 mRNA in non-diabetic OVX animals, which was not mirrored in OVX-T1D mice. Locomotor parameters remained unaltered, except by a general reduction of rearing numbers in T1D animals. / A presente tese est? dividida em duas partes: na parte I, comparou-se a regenera??o ?ssea em camundongos f?meas e machos, com diabetes do tipo 1 (T1D). Na parte II, foi avaliada a regenera??o ?ssea no modelo de menopausa experimental induzido por ovariectomia (OVX), com ou sem T1D. Na parte I, os animais (machos e f?meas) foram divididos em dois grandes grupos: controle e T1D (induzido por estreptozotocina; STZ). Na parte II, os animais foram divididos em quatro grandes grupos: f?meas falso-operadas e OVX, com ou sem T1D. Ap?s a indu??o do T1D, foi criado um defeito ?sseo monocortical no f?mur. Nas duas partes do trabalho, foram avaliados os efeitos da suplementa??o com vitamina D3 e/ou insulina. Na segunda parte, tamb?m se avaliou o efeito da reposi??o hormonal com estradiol. Decorridos 21 dias do procedimento da cria??o do defeito, os animais foram eutanasiados; o f?mur e o sangue foram coletados para an?lises posteriores. Tanto as f?meas, quanto os machos T1D, apresentaram uma redu??o do ganho de peso corporal, associado ? hiperglicemia. N?o houve altera??es nos n?veis s?ricos das citocinas pr?-inflamat?rias interleucina-1? (IL-1?), fator de necrose tumoral (TNF) ou interferon-? (IFN?). Os animais T1D, de ambos os sexos, apresentaram um comprometimento na regenera??o ?ssea, como demonstrado pelas an?lises histol?gicas e de micro-CT. A suplementa??o com vitamina D3 reestabeleceu a regenera??o ?ssea em f?meas e machos T1D, apresentando valores pr?ximos aos encontrados nos animais do grupo controle. A terapia com insulina melhorou a remodela??o ?ssea nas f?meas e machos T1D; por?m, os efeitos foram mais pronunciados nos machos. A avalia??o da atividade osteocl?stica n?o revelou diferen?as significativas entre os grupos experimentais, ap?s a indu??o de T1D, em machos ou f?meas. Os resultados do PCR em tempo real para runx2 e osterix (dois fatores de transcri??o relacionados aos osteoblastos), no tecido ?sseo, n?o demonstraram nenhuma diferen?a significativa, exceto por um aumento nos n?veis de RNAm dos dois fatores nos camundongos machos T1D, que receberam suplementa??o com vitamina 10 D3. Por outro lado, f?meas T1D que receberam vitamina D3 apresentaram um aumento na express?o dos n?veis de RNAm para o fator de crescimento semelhante ? insulina do tipo 1 (IGF-1), quando comparado com os machos que tiveram o mesmo tratamento, sugerindo assim, diferen?as relacionadas ao sexo. Al?m das an?lises j? mencionadas anteriormente, na parte II da tese, par?metros comportamentais e n?veis s?ricos de c?lcio e fosfatase alcalina tamb?m foram analisados. Os resultados da segunda parte do trabalho demonstraram que os animais submetidos a OVX tiveram um aumento do peso corporal, com atrofia uterina. Em contrapartida, quando foi induzido T1D, houve uma diminui??o do peso corporal mais acentuada no grupo OVX que no grupo falso-operado. Os animais falso-operados e OVX T1D apresentaram hiperglicemia, confirmando o desenvolvimento do diabetes. Os n?veis s?ricos de fosfatase alcalina foram divergentes entre os grupos n?o-diab?ticos OVX e OVX T1D. N?o houve varia??es dos n?veis de c?lcio. Os animais falso-operados T1D, n?o diab?ticos OVX e OVX T1D apresentaram preju?zos similares na regenera??o ?ssea, como observado pelas an?lises histol?gicas e imagens de micro-CT. A reposi??o com estradiol melhorou a cicatriza??o ?ssea nos animais n?o-diab?ticos OVX e OVX T1D. Houve uma tend?ncia ao aumento nos n?veis de RNAm de IGF-1 no grupo OVX, o que n?o foi observado quando da associa??o de T1D e menopausa. N?o foram observadas diferen?as na atividade locomotora dos animais com T1D e/ou OVX, a n?o ser por uma diminui??o no n?mero de rearings no grupo falso-operado T1D, independente do tratamento com vitamina D3, insulina e estradiol, de forma isolada ou em associa??o.