Contribution of daylight to employees in terms of health, productivity, and overall wellness in the office spaces are undeniable. Apart from the psychological and biological benefits of employees, embracing daylight in office spaces increases the energy-efficiency of the building which leads to the sustainable development of a city. However, a considerable number of employees in Sweden lack daylight in their workspaces according to a report by the Swedish Work Environment Authority [Arbetsmiljöverket (Swedish)] (Lowden, 2019). Professionals like Architects, Lighting Designers, and students of architecture and lighting design across Sweden were asked their opinions pertaining to lack of daylight in a considerable number of office spaces in Sweden based on their experience through online questionnaires/ interviews to get to know the overview of this subject. Out of all the possible reasons, window design and economy were the two macro factors according to them that influenced daylight in an office building in Sweden but often, obstruction angle in a building due to urban densification is overlooked when it comes to daylight in an office building. This thesis discusses the influence of obstruction angles with an illustrated office building in Stockholm. Diva for Rhino was the software used for the modelling and daylight simulation.

Diploma thesis is about design and making of execution project for office city building which is located in Nový Bydžov. The building is located in the late brownfield area of Dufek´s wood manufacture, which is on the south part of Nový Bydžov. The building has four above ground floors and one below ground floor. The building shape is rectangular of dimensions 53,02 x 17,62 m. On the south, west and east is the façade from height of second floor slightly cantilevered. On the east part the edge of cantilevered façade duplicate slopping edge of the bottom land and it creates wonderful but economical shape. The height of the building from the ground is 14,5 m. The shape of roof is flat, covered with the mPVC foil and gravel mound. Façade which covering the first ground floor is made of polystyrene with thin layer of plaster which creates building plinth. Top cantilevered façade is made of ceramic tiles of dimensions 1200 x 600 mm which are suspended behind the air layer. The ceramic tiles are light brown color. In the bottom part are glazed areas of rectangular and square shapes to create the open feeling in the ground floor. In the rear part is designed coffee bar with nice outside wooden terrace. Windows in the top cantilevered part of the façade are the circular shape and extend the architectural impression of the building. All windows are in the same color of dark blue. The steel parts of the building are also dark blue color. In the bellow ground floor are designed underground parking lot with the maximum capacity 29 cars and technical equipment. In the first floor above ground are designed reception, big lecture hall, exhibition hall, coffee bar with terrace and toilets. In the second floor above the ground are offices, computer room and HVAC equipment. In the third above floor are offices, conference hall, and IT equipment. In the fourth floor above the ground are also offices, maintenance room and storage of furniture.

The assignment of this diploma thesis is design proposal of a new roman catholic church and parsonage with parish centre inside stabilised existing development of slab block housing estate in Nová Líšeň, Brno. The need for church has emerged shortly after completion of the housing development and intensified alongside the growth of believer community created around Salesian centre that has been active in the area since 90’s and focuses on upbringing of youngsters through Don Bosco’s educating methods. Masses have been held so far in the gym of the Salesian centre with about 250 Sunday visitors. The church ought to be designed near the centre and dedicated to Holy spirit so that it serves both community and wider range of believers at the housing estate. The thesis deals with church, parsonage with parish centre and housing development relationship. It’s attempting to answer the question how the church connects to the housing estate and communicates its mission to its surroundings. The design proposal is based on urban context analysis, analysis of Salesian congregation and conditions of the building plot. The composition consists of two functional parts that are connected. First part consists of the church building design with 300 seated and 100 standing visitors capacity per mass and technical support areas. Second functional part is made of the parish centre with community hall for 100 people, educational room, parish offices and accommodation for members of congregation. The design content is supplemented with design of semi-public space, solution to traffic service and parking and design of parish orchard.

The aim of this master´s thesis is the elaboration of project documentation for kindergarten with almost zero energy consumption. The project consists of three main parts. The first part is devoted to the civil engineering design of the building. The building is designed regarding to architectural expression, quality of made and type of use. The kindergarten is designed with capacity of 48 children split into two departments. The second part is devoted to the design of HVAC systems. The building uses mechanical ventilation with heat recovery, heating is provided by two gas boilers and the need of electricity is provided by a photovoltaic system. Captured rainwater is used effectively. The third part values the building regarding the method of multi–criteria analysis. For this evaluation uses national method SBToolCZ.

The subject of this master thesis is the elaboration of project documentation for the construction of a car showroom & service. This building is located in Brno, cadastral area of city Brno: Královo Pole. It is a detached building without a basement built on a trapezoid shaped area with a flat terrain. Object is divided into two functional parts: the car showroom and the car service. These two parts are constructionally and operationally connected. The car showroom is designed as a two-storey object, which serves as car exhibition, technical and hygienic facilities and mainly the administrative parts of both objects. The car service is designed as a single-storey object without a basement, which serves as a workspace of the car service and a warehouse. The load-bearing structural system of the car showroom is made of reinforced concrete pillars with ceramic masonry. The load-bearing structural system of the car service is made of reinforced concrete pillars with light sandwich panels. The foundation slab consists of prefabricated stepped foundation pad, prefabricated reinforced concrete grade beam and concrete strip footing. Insulation system of the building is made of insulation boards from basalt wool cladding by ventilated facades with perforated steel panels. Insolation in the car showroom is secured by glass curtain wall in combination with plastic windows and doors. Ceiling structures are designed as prestressed ceiling panels Spiroll. Roofing structure of both objects is supported by prestressed reinforced concrete roof girder in combination with trapezoidal sheet and insulation boards from basalt wool and PIR boards. The roof of the objects is flat with ordinary layer order with waterproof layer from softened PVC.

I rapporten har vi skrivit om naturstenens roll och förutsättningar som fasadmaterial inom byggproduktion. Målet med undersökningen var att belysa nya tekniker som finns på marknaden. Metoder som har använts för att undersöka infästningstekniker är genom intervjuer och studiebesök.   Den stora frågan var att ta reda på hur dem nya teknikerna kan påverka vår arbetsmiljö, miljö samt estetik. En annan fråga var hur den nya tekniken kan uppfylla de nya kraven?   Natursten är ett naturligt material som är inhomogen och därför förekommer det färgskiftningar och variationer i stenskivorna. En beställare ska därför vara väldigt specifik när stenen utses.   Det finns en stor risk med att förankra stenskivor utan mekanisk förankring. Utan förankringen kan stenen lossna från fasaden. Idag bygger vi vanligen med tekniken ventilerad luftspalt, mellanrum mellan stenskivor och stomme. På det sättet kan alla stenskivor röra sig utan spänningar samtidigt som luftspalten ventilerar och dränerar ut fukten bakom stenskivorna. Genom att välja lämpliga stendimensioner och ankare i standardutförande kan kostnaderna minskas. Denna rapport tar upp ny teknik. FZP, Fischer Zykon Panel, är ett undercut ankare. Detta är en valmöjlighet om en beställare vill erhålla skivor som är 20 mm i tjocklek.   Björn Shouenborg har designat ett program som gör det möjligt att dimensionera sten på fasader. Programmmet visar om dimensioneringen är ok med hänsyn till säkerhetskraven.   Med tanke på de stora miljökraven som ställs är det både lönande att undersöka möjligheter och ny teknik. Stommen byggs med mer isolering vilket kräver en längre expanderbult eller ankare mellan stenen och stommen.   I denna rapport framkommer det att en arkitekt och stenentreprenör är positiva till ACT-systemet.  Den här rapporten har belyst att den nya tekniken har en positiv påverkan på arbetsmiljön, miljön, estetik och tid. / The report talks about the capacity and conditions as a façade material within building construction. The goal with the research was to shed light on the new technique available today.  The methods used to examine the mechanical anchoring techniques were through interview and fieldstudies. The main question was to find out how those new technologies can affect our health and safety, environment and aesthetics. Another question is how the new technology can meet the new requirements?   Natural stone is a natural material that is inhomogeneous and therefore there are color variations and variations in stone tiles. A client should therefore be very specific when the stone is appointed. There is a great risk to anchor stone tiles without mechanical anchoring, without it the stone can detach from the façade. The technology most commonly used in anchoring stone is using a ventilated air gap, a space between the stone tiles and facade. In this way, all stone tiles move without tension and furthermore the air gap ventilates and drains the moisture behind the stone tiles. It is possible to cut costs by choosing the appropriate stone dimensions and tiles in the standard execution. New technology opens up new possibilities. An alternative is FZP, Fischer Zykon Panel which is an undercut anchor. This could be used as an option if a client wishes to have 20 mm thick tiles. Bjorn Shouenborg, researcher, has designed a program that makes it possible to dimension stone facades.The software that shows if the design is ok with regard to safety requirements.   Given the large environmental requirements imposed today, it is conceivable both be worthwhile to explore the possibilities and new technologies. The façade is built with more insulation which requires a longer expansion of anchors.   In this report, it appears that an architect and stone contractor is positive for the ACT system. This report has highlighted that the new technology has a positive impact on the work environment, the environment, aesthetics and time.

En France, le secteur du bâtiment est le plus grand consommateur d'énergie et représente environ 43% de la consommation totale d'énergie. L'isolation thermique dans le bâtiment est nécessaire afin d'améliorer son efficacité énergétique. Dans certains pays dont la France, la rénovation des bâtiments occupe une place essentielle dans la stratégie de transition énergétique. La stratégie mise en place consiste donc à renforcer l'isolation thermique des enveloppes de bâtiment et ceci en perdant le moins de surface habitable possible. Ceci justifie le fait de développer et de mettre en œuvre à l'avenir des matériaux super isolants comme les aérogels. Les objectifs de cette étude sont d'examiner le comportement thermique des bâtiments et d'étudier l'amélioration possible de leur efficacité énergétique en utilisant un nouvel enduit isolant à base d'aérogels de silice et ainsi que l'énergie solaire. Tout d'abord, la performance thermique et hygrothermique des murs extérieurs est étudiée afin de trouver la meilleure structure de ces murs. Deuxièmement, nous étudions l'évolution du confort thermique et du comportement énergétique des maisons en adoptant le nouvel enduit isolant comme isolation extérieure. Cette évolution a aussi été représentée par un modèle mathématique. On a comparé les résultats obtenus à l'aide de ces modèles avec les mesures expérimentales faites sur une maison récemment construite. Enfin, le potentiel de réduction de la charge de chauffage en adoptant un système actif dans la paroi est analysé. Ce système est proposé pour capter une partie de l'énergie solaire qui tombe sur la façade sud et qui est disponible pendant les journées non nuageuses en hiver, et la transférer vers la façade nord par l'intermédiaire de canalisations d'eau intégrées dans l'enduit isolant objet de l'étude. / In France, the building sector is the largest consumer of energy and accounts for about 43% of the total energy consumption. The building sector offers significant potential for improved energy efficiency through the use of high-performance insulation and energy-efficient systems. For existing buildings, renovation has a high priority in France because these buildings represent a high proportion of energy consumption and they will be present for decades to come. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in the so-called super-insulating materials, such as Aerogels. The objectives of this study are to examine the thermal behavior of buildings and to foster energy efficiency through the use of a newly developed aerogel-based insulating coating as well as the use of renewable energy sources, specifically solar energy. Firstly, the thermal and hygrothermal performance of exterior walls having different layer composition structures are examined. Secondly, the heating energy demand as well as the risk of summer overheating is examined for different construction periods and under different climates. Also, a mathematical model is built and compared to experimental measurement of a recently built full-scale house. Finally, the potential to decrease the heating load by adopting a closed wall loop system is scrutinized. The latter is a proposed system to capture some of the solar energy falling on the south facade available during non-cloudy winter days and transfer it to the north facade through water pipes embedded in the aerogel-based coating.

Notre investigation porte sur la simulation numérique des échanges thermo-convectifs dans un canal vertical ouvert à flux imposé. Cette étude rentre dans le cadre des recherches sur le rafraîchissement passif des composants PV intégrés au bâtiment. À cet effet, un code numérique en Différences Finies est utilisé pour résoudre les équations de Navier-Stokes et simuler la convection naturelle dans un canal. Ce problème reste difficile à résoudre parce que l'écriture des conditions aux limites d'entrée et de sortie reste un problème ouvert. Notre travail consiste d'abord en étude des différentes conditions aux limites pour le benchmark numérique AMETH. Les travaux réalisés ont permis de faire un premier choix sur les conditions aux limites. L'étude s'oriente ensuite sur la qualification et la quantification numériques et expérimentales pour deux fluides : l'air (convection-rayonnement) et l'eau (convection pure). Les résultats numériques/expérimentaux ont été comparés et les discordances ont été analysées. Plusieurs aspects phénoménologiques (rayonnement entre surfaces, variation des propriétés thermo-physiques, variation du nombre de Prandtl) ont été abordés afin de caractériser leurs influences respectives sur l'écoulement et le transfert thermique. Enfin, dans le but d'apporter des éléments de réponses sur les conditions aux limites dynamiques, nous avons simulé la convection naturelle d'un canal dans une cavité et tenté une modélisation. / The present investigation deals with natural convection flow in a vertical open-ended channel with wall constant heat flux. This study falls under the framework of research on passive cooling of building integrated PV components. For this purpose, a numerical code developed with Finite Differences scheme is used to solve Navier-Stokes equations and simulate the natural convection in a channel. This problem is difficult to solve because the writing of inlet/outlet boundary conditions remains an open problem. First, our work consists of studying different boundary conditions for the the numerical benchmark AMETH. The work carried out has enabled a first choice of boundary conditions. The study then focuses on numerical and experimental quantification and qualification for two fluids : air ( convection - radiation) and water ( pure convection) . Experimental and numerical results were compared and discrepancies were analyzed. Several phenomenological aspects ( surface radiation, thermophysical properties variation, Prandtl number variation ) were discussed in order to characterize their influence on flow and heat transfer. Finally, in order to provide some answers on dynamical boundary conditions, we simulated natural convection of a channel inside a cavity and tried a modeling.

Avec la construction et le développement de la ville intelligente, la façon de construire le modèle 3D réaliste des grands bâtiments de la ville rapidement et efficacement devient le hotspot de recherche. Dans cette thèse, une méthode procédurale de modélisation intelligente est proposée pour construire rapidement et efficacement un modèle de construction de ville 3D à grande échelle basé sur la modélisation de la forme de la façade et de la grammaire de forme. La technologie de l'information du bâtiment (BIM) est un moyen technique important pour améliorer l'industrie de la construction, pour la conception du bâtiment de la ville et la construction de la meilleure recherche et l'application de la technologie BIM est la clé, de gérer efficacement les informations du cycle de vie du bâtiment et de réaliser le partage et l'échange. Cette thèse a étudié l'acquisition et le traitement des données de modélisation. Google Earth et le logiciel ArcGIS sont principalement utilisés pour acquérir et traiter des données d'images-cartes et des données de cartes d'élévation de la zone cible, ces deux types de correspondance et de superposition de données, qui peuvent générer des données de terrain urbain 3D avec des informations de localisation géographique. Ensuite OpenStreetMap est utilisé pour acquérir les données routières de la zone cible, et il peut être optimisé pour le réseau routier nécessaire par le logiciel JOSM. La technologie de balayage laser 3D est utilisée pour collecter des images de texture de surface de bâtiment et pour créer le modèle de nuages de points de la modélisation d'architecture cible afin d'obtenir les dimensions de modélisation par mesure. Sur cette base, cette thèse a principalement étudié le principe et le processus de la règle CGA pour créer des modèles de construction, et étudié la méthode qui peut séparer les éléments architecturaux en utilisant la segmentation d'image pour générer automatiquement la règle CGA et de créer ensuite le modèle de construction. Ainsi, des modèles de construction 3D ont été établis dans le logiciel CityEngine en utilisant les règles CGA et la technologie de segmentation des façades. Cette thèse a construit le modèle d'information intégré au bâtiment urbain (CBIIM) basé sur BIM. L'information sur la construction de la ville est classée et intégrée, et le bâtiment et la composante ont été décrits avec la norme IFC, afin de gérer efficacement les informations du cycle de vie du bâtiment. Cette thèse étudie la technologie du modèle d'association d'information intégrée, qui permet de réaliser une conception standardisée des composants avec des caractéristiques associées et une conception intelligente des bâtiments avec des paramètres associés dans les règles de connaissances combinées avec l'IFC. La technologie de simulation de la construction de visualisation est étudiée. Les règles de connaissance dans le modèle d'information intégré fournissent une référence fiable pour la simulation de construction, et la scène de simulation est créée en invoquant le modèle d'information intégré, ainsi le processus de simulation est terminé. En prenant le campus Baoshan de l'Université de Shanghai comme exemple, le processus de modélisation de la scène entière est illustré, et les étapes de modélisation de toutes sortes d'objets 3D sont décrites en détail pour résoudre les problèmes spécifiques dans le processus de modélisation réelle. Ainsi, la faisabilité et la validité de la méthode de modélisation intelligente procédurale sont vérifiées. Prenant comme exemple le dortoir de l'Université de Shanghai, une simulation et le modèle de simulation ont été créés par les informations intégrées, combinées aux informations de construction pertinentes, la simulation de construction a été complétée par le programme. Ainsi, la faisabilité et la validité du CBIIM sont vérifiées. / With the construction and development of the smart city, how to construct the realistic 3D model of the large-scale city buildings quickly and efficiently which becomes the research hotspot. In this thesis, a novel 3D modeling approach is proposed to quickly and efficiently build 3D model of large-scale city buildings based on shape grammar and facade rule modeling. Building Information Model (BIM) is an important technical means to enhance the construction industry, for the city building design and construction, how to better research and application of BIM technology which is the key, in this thesis City Building Integrated Information Model (CBIIM) is specified to manage the information of building lifecycle effectively and realize the information sharing and exchanging. This thesis has studied the acquisition and processing of the modeling data. Google Earth and ArcGIS software are mainly used to acquire and process image-maps data and elevation-maps data of the target area, these two kinds of data match and overlay, which can generate 3D city terrain data with geographic location information. Then OpenStreetMap is used to acquire road data of the target area, and it can be optimal processed to the necessary road network by JOSM software. 3D laser scanning technology is used to collect building surface texture images and create the point clouds model of the target architecture modeling so as to get the modeling dimensions by measurement. On this basis, this thesis mainly has studied the principle and the process of CGA rule to create building models, and studied the method that can separate architectural elements using image segmentation to generate CGA rule automatically and to create building model furtherly. Thus 3D building models have been established in the CityEngine software using CGA rules and facade modeling technology. This thesis has specified the City Building Integrated Information Model (CBIIM) based on BIM. The city building information are classified and integrated, and the building and component was described with the IFC standard, in order to manage the informations of building lifecycle effectively. This thesis studies the integrated information association model technology, that it can realize standardized component design with associated features and intelligent building design with associated parameters in knowledge rules combined with IFC. The construction simulation technology is studied. The knowledge rules in the integrated information model provide a reliable reference for the construction simulation, and the simulation scene is created through the invoking the integrated information model, thus the construction simulation process is completed by the program. Taking Baoshan Campus of Shanghai University as an example, the modeling process of the whole scene is illustrated, and the modeling steps of all kinds of 3D objects are described in detail to solve the specific problems in the actual modeling process. Thus the feasibility and validity of the procedural intelligent modeling approach are verified. Taking the dormitory of Shanghai University as an example, a simulation scene and the simulation model were created by the integrated informations, combined with the relevant construction information the construction simulation was completed by the program. Thus the feasibility and validity of the CBIIM are verified.

The subject of this thesis is the development of project documentation for the construction design of the mixed-use building in Třebíč, in the borough of Na Kopcích. The building has four above-ground floors. On the first floor there are shops, specifically a hairdresser and a café, and the technical background of the house. The second to fourth floors are made up of residential units and a storeroom is built to each apartment on the floor. There are 4 flats 2 + kk, 4 flats 3 + kk and 3 flats 4 + kk. The roof structure is designed as a warm flat green roof. Construction system is wall, masonry from clay blocks.