Avec la construction et le développement de la ville intelligente, la façon de construire le modèle 3D réaliste des grands bâtiments de la ville rapidement et efficacement devient le hotspot de recherche. Dans cette thèse, une méthode procédurale de modélisation intelligente est proposée pour construire rapidement et efficacement un modèle de construction de ville 3D à grande échelle basé sur la modélisation de la forme de la façade et de la grammaire de forme. La technologie de l'information du bâtiment (BIM) est un moyen technique important pour améliorer l'industrie de la construction, pour la conception du bâtiment de la ville et la construction de la meilleure recherche et l'application de la technologie BIM est la clé, de gérer efficacement les informations du cycle de vie du bâtiment et de réaliser le partage et l'échange. Cette thèse a étudié l'acquisition et le traitement des données de modélisation. Google Earth et le logiciel ArcGIS sont principalement utilisés pour acquérir et traiter des données d'images-cartes et des données de cartes d'élévation de la zone cible, ces deux types de correspondance et de superposition de données, qui peuvent générer des données de terrain urbain 3D avec des informations de localisation géographique. Ensuite OpenStreetMap est utilisé pour acquérir les données routières de la zone cible, et il peut être optimisé pour le réseau routier nécessaire par le logiciel JOSM. La technologie de balayage laser 3D est utilisée pour collecter des images de texture de surface de bâtiment et pour créer le modèle de nuages de points de la modélisation d'architecture cible afin d'obtenir les dimensions de modélisation par mesure. Sur cette base, cette thèse a principalement étudié le principe et le processus de la règle CGA pour créer des modèles de construction, et étudié la méthode qui peut séparer les éléments architecturaux en utilisant la segmentation d'image pour générer automatiquement la règle CGA et de créer ensuite le modèle de construction. Ainsi, des modèles de construction 3D ont été établis dans le logiciel CityEngine en utilisant les règles CGA et la technologie de segmentation des façades. Cette thèse a construit le modèle d'information intégré au bâtiment urbain (CBIIM) basé sur BIM. L'information sur la construction de la ville est classée et intégrée, et le bâtiment et la composante ont été décrits avec la norme IFC, afin de gérer efficacement les informations du cycle de vie du bâtiment. Cette thèse étudie la technologie du modèle d'association d'information intégrée, qui permet de réaliser une conception standardisée des composants avec des caractéristiques associées et une conception intelligente des bâtiments avec des paramètres associés dans les règles de connaissances combinées avec l'IFC. La technologie de simulation de la construction de visualisation est étudiée. Les règles de connaissance dans le modèle d'information intégré fournissent une référence fiable pour la simulation de construction, et la scène de simulation est créée en invoquant le modèle d'information intégré, ainsi le processus de simulation est terminé. En prenant le campus Baoshan de l'Université de Shanghai comme exemple, le processus de modélisation de la scène entière est illustré, et les étapes de modélisation de toutes sortes d'objets 3D sont décrites en détail pour résoudre les problèmes spécifiques dans le processus de modélisation réelle. Ainsi, la faisabilité et la validité de la méthode de modélisation intelligente procédurale sont vérifiées. Prenant comme exemple le dortoir de l'Université de Shanghai, une simulation et le modèle de simulation ont été créés par les informations intégrées, combinées aux informations de construction pertinentes, la simulation de construction a été complétée par le programme. Ainsi, la faisabilité et la validité du CBIIM sont vérifiées. / With the construction and development of the smart city, how to construct the realistic 3D model of the large-scale city buildings quickly and efficiently which becomes the research hotspot. In this thesis, a novel 3D modeling approach is proposed to quickly and efficiently build 3D model of large-scale city buildings based on shape grammar and facade rule modeling. Building Information Model (BIM) is an important technical means to enhance the construction industry, for the city building design and construction, how to better research and application of BIM technology which is the key, in this thesis City Building Integrated Information Model (CBIIM) is specified to manage the information of building lifecycle effectively and realize the information sharing and exchanging. This thesis has studied the acquisition and processing of the modeling data. Google Earth and ArcGIS software are mainly used to acquire and process image-maps data and elevation-maps data of the target area, these two kinds of data match and overlay, which can generate 3D city terrain data with geographic location information. Then OpenStreetMap is used to acquire road data of the target area, and it can be optimal processed to the necessary road network by JOSM software. 3D laser scanning technology is used to collect building surface texture images and create the point clouds model of the target architecture modeling so as to get the modeling dimensions by measurement. On this basis, this thesis mainly has studied the principle and the process of CGA rule to create building models, and studied the method that can separate architectural elements using image segmentation to generate CGA rule automatically and to create building model furtherly. Thus 3D building models have been established in the CityEngine software using CGA rules and facade modeling technology. This thesis has specified the City Building Integrated Information Model (CBIIM) based on BIM. The city building information are classified and integrated, and the building and component was described with the IFC standard, in order to manage the informations of building lifecycle effectively. This thesis studies the integrated information association model technology, that it can realize standardized component design with associated features and intelligent building design with associated parameters in knowledge rules combined with IFC. The construction simulation technology is studied. The knowledge rules in the integrated information model provide a reliable reference for the construction simulation, and the simulation scene is created through the invoking the integrated information model, thus the construction simulation process is completed by the program. Taking Baoshan Campus of Shanghai University as an example, the modeling process of the whole scene is illustrated, and the modeling steps of all kinds of 3D objects are described in detail to solve the specific problems in the actual modeling process. Thus the feasibility and validity of the procedural intelligent modeling approach are verified. Taking the dormitory of Shanghai University as an example, a simulation scene and the simulation model were created by the integrated informations, combined with the relevant construction information the construction simulation was completed by the program. Thus the feasibility and validity of the CBIIM are verified.

The subject of this thesis is the development of project documentation for the construction design of the mixed-use building in Třebíč, in the borough of Na Kopcích. The building has four above-ground floors. On the first floor there are shops, specifically a hairdresser and a café, and the technical background of the house. The second to fourth floors are made up of residential units and a storeroom is built to each apartment on the floor. There are 4 flats 2 + kk, 4 flats 3 + kk and 3 flats 4 + kk. The roof structure is designed as a warm flat green roof. Construction system is wall, masonry from clay blocks.

The subject of the diploma thesis is new stand-alone hotel with a catering service and a relaxation zone including a fitness room, a table tennis room, massages and a solarium. The individual functional parts are separated and can be operated independently of each other. The Building consists of three floors. The ground floor will serve to run a restaurant with a background and a for relaxation zone, the remaining two floors will be used to accommodate guests and the necessary facilities. The maximum capacity for the accommodation is 59 people and requires four employees to operate it. The restaurant is designed for 81 guests and a total of 7 employees. The relaxation part is for guests only and is not accessible to other people. The structure is based on strip foundations from plain concrete and reinforced concrete foundation footing. Peripheral vertical load-bearing structures of the first above-ground floor are designed from permanent formwork system, all others loadbearing walls will be walled-up from vertically perforated block laid on thin-film adhesive. The floor structures are designed as an assembly of prestressed hollow core slabs. Roofing of the building will be made as a flat vegetation roof.

The presented dissertation thesis is focused on investigating the adhesive properties of façade cladding made of wood and wood-based materials in combination with flexible adhesion/assembly systems. The systems allow the implementation of effective construction joints and provide a solution with uniform stress distribution which allows the transfer of heavy loads, while simultaneously reducing the weight of the entire structure, which is also often connected with substantial cost reductions. Despite all that, little attention has been paid to this area so far. It is not a solution which is properly embodied in technical standards or in designers´, architects´ and contractors´ awarenesses. The aim of this dissertation is to characterise adhesive properties of selected façade cladding representatives made of wood and wood-based materials for the purposes of bonded joint application in a ventilated façade system. To define adhesion of façade joints, numerical and experimental methods are used, taking also various limit conditions into account. The main conclusion of the dissertation is the characterisation of basic parameters which influence adhesion, effectiveness and quality of façade glued joints. The secondary conclusion is the compilation of a simple methodical procedure for testing and implementing façade glued joints. The dissertation also makes a contribution by extending the current state of knowledge of façade adhesive joints.

The new building of a university dormitory with workshops is the content of the presented thesis. The building consists of fifty-two beds for students’ accommodation with complete equipment in eight cells, three workshops and a technical support. This is a combination of reinforced concrete prefabricated skeleton and classical masonry building construction with insulation. The building has four floors. It is designed as seven towers with flat roofs, which protrude from a ground floor with a vegetative roof. Paved and parking areas are adjacent to the building. The project is designed into an urban area of Nový Jičín. Glass atrium and overall shape solution are the distinctive features of the proposal.

Modular construction of housing is an industry on the rise. The prefabrication of construction modules gives a greater control over material consumption, promotes standardization, and lessens the disturbance during the construction time in the field. Lindbäcks Bygg AB prefabricates housing modules in their factory at Haraholmen, Piteå. The modules are then transported to construction sites all over the country and assembled. Lindbäcks Bygg AB has made the design choice to focus on lightweight wooden constructions for their modules, which comes with its own set of challenges. The urban densification of our city regions has led to more and more residential building being planned and constructed in areas that are submitted to high noise levels from surrounding traffic. This puts a great strain on the sound reduction of the building’s façade wall construction, something that has proven to be a problem with lightweight wooden walls. The aim of this master thesis project has been to test different solutions for lightweight façade wall constructions, and to ultimately find one or more solution that meet the requirements of the Swedish standards and regulations, as well as the needs of the tenants, and that can be implemented by Lindbäcks Bygg AB for manufacturing and assembly. The project has therefore been carried out in two parts, one theoretical and one practical. The theoretical part has verified the problem with traffic noise levels in residential buildings and identified the critical areas of the current façade construction. The theoretical work led to a list of defining factors for the sound reduction, which in turn worked as a basis for the ideation process.  As a result, the theoretical part led to a number of different construction concepts for façade walls. The concepts were first tested theoretically through modelling and calculation, and verified with the acousticians at Tyréns Sverige AB and the engineers of Lindbäcks Bygg AB. The most promising concepts were sent on to be manufactured. The practical part of this master thesis project was carried out mainly as acoustical measurements and the subsequent analysis, where the manufactured façade wall constructions were mounted on a free-standing module. The result of the practical part, and of the master thesis project, were four different façade wall constructions that met the requirements for noise reduction, which were presented to Lindbäcks Bygg AB and Tyréns Sverige AB. The construction most easily implemented is a construction with an airgap between the wall panels, and this construction will now have to be structurally verified and adapted for the factory, before being utilized in future building projects. / Modulärt byggande av bostäder är en bransch på frammarsch. Prefabricering av byggnadsmoduler ger en större kontroll över materialåtgången, främjar standardisering och minskar störningarna under byggtiden i fält. Lindbäcks Bygg AB prefabricerar bostadsmoduler i sin fabrik på Haraholmen, Piteå. Modulerna transporteras sedan till byggarbetsplatser över hela landet och monteras till bostadskomplex. Lindbäcks Bygg AB har gjort designvalet att fokusera på lätta träkonstruktioner för sina moduler, vilket kommer med sin egen uppsättning utmaningar. Förtätningen av våra stadsregioner har lett till att allt mer bostadsbyggande planeras och uppförs i områden som utsätts för höga bullernivåer från omgivande trafik. Detta utsätter byggnadens fasadväggskonstruktion för en stor akustisk belastning, något som har visat sig vara ett problem med lätta träväggar. Syftet med detta examensarbete har varit att testa olika lösningar för lätta fasadväggskonstruktioner, och att i slutändan hitta en eller flera lösningar som uppfyller kraven i svenska standarder och föreskrifter samt hyresgästernas behov, och som kan implementeras av Lindbäcks Bygg AB för tillverkning och montering. Projektet har därför genomförts i två delar, en teoretisk och en praktisk. Den teoretiska delen har verifierat problemet med trafikbullernivåer i bostadshus och identifierat kritiska områden i den nuvarande fasadkonstruktionen. Det teoretiska arbetet ledde fram till en lista med kritiska faktorer för ljudreduktionen, som i sin tur fungerade som grund för designprocessen. Som ett resultat ledde den teoretiska delen till en rad olika konstruktionskoncept för fasadväggar. Koncepten testades först teoretiskt genom modellering och beräkning, och verifierades av akustikerna på Tyréns Sverige AB och ingenjörerna på Lindbäcks Bygg AB. De mest lovande koncepten skickades vidare för tillverkning. Den praktiska delen av detta examensarbete genomfördes främst som akustiska mätningar och efterföljande analys, där de tillverkade fasadväggkonstruktionerna monterades på en fristående modul. Resultatet av den praktiska delen, och av examensarbetet, blev fyra olika fasadväggskonstruktioner som uppfyller kraven för ljudreduktion, vilka presenterades för Lindbäcks Bygg AB och Tyréns Sverige AB. Den konstruktion som är enklast att implementera är en konstruktion med luftspalt mellan väggpanelerna, och denna konstruktion kommer nu att behöva verifieras med avseende på ex. hållfasthet och anpassas för fabriken, innan den kan användas i framtida byggprojekt.

A variety of demands have to be considered in the design of a new opera house in Galärvarvet. All possible viewpoints are important to be aware of, as is the need for the new building to be a contrast to the already existing opera house in Stockholm. The restricted site also makes a multitude of demands on the building's design. By rationalizing the layout and structure and also by making the footprint smaller, the complex building of over 30 000 square meters can be fitted and blended into the existing physical context. Unlike the existing opera house in Stockholm, the new opera house shows the rationality and the advanced technology that lies behind the scenes and becomes the character of the entire building. Through the dynamic façade, the new opera can convey any character it so desires, just like scenes do through different settings. The result is that the new opera house helps present the magic of any opera performance of any era or artistic content. / En ny operabyggnad i Galärvarvet ställer en rad olika krav på byggnaden. Den måste inte bara kunna betraktas från många olika vinklar och avstånd, utan också stå i kontrast till den redan befintliga operabyggnaden i Stockholm. Den trånga tomten ställer också en rad olika krav på byggnadens utformning. Genom att rationalisera planlösningen, strukturen och våga bygga på höjden kan det komplexa projektet på över 30 000 kvm få plats på tomten och smälter skalmässigt in i miljön. Till skillnad från den befintliga operan i Stockholm, knyter den nya Galäroperan an till rationaliteten och den avancerade tekniken som döljer sig bakom scenerna och görs här synlig för besökarna. Genom den smarta fasaden kan Galäroperan inta vilken karaktär den så önskar, på samma sätt som scenen ändrar karaktär genom scenografi. Galäroperan blir på så sätt spännande att betrakta från olika perspektiv och den dynamiska fasaden hjälper till att föra fram operans magi.

The building in a question is a new build mixed-use building. It is situated in industrial area of Slavkov u Brna and is intended for employees of this area. In the underground floor is situated collective garage for 18 personal automobiles. First floor is designed for retail sale. Specifically general store, boutique and cafe. In the second and third floor are accommodation units for area employees. Specifically 12 accommodation units. Building has a flat roof with asphalt strip coating. The load-bearing system of the building is designed as a reinforced concrete skeleton, THERM-type bricks are used for the construction while thermal comfort is achieved by a certified external thermal insulation composite system (ETICS) featuring façade polystyrene. There is parking space area in front of the building.

Zielstellung des Forschungsprojektes war die Entwicklung eines montagefertigen Verbundsystems aus vorgefertigten Elementen, Verankerungen und Unterkonstruktion zur Umsetzung nachhaltiger Fassadenlösungen. Dabei wurde ein neuer mineralischer Materialverbund mit textiler Verstärkung eingesetzt, der die Fertigung extrem dünnwandiger 3D-geformter Elemente mit hoher Passgenauigkeit gestattet. Das somit eröffnete sehr große Leichtbaupotential geht mit einer starken Gewichtsreduktion einher und ermöglicht damit erhebliche Ressourcen- und Energieeinsparungen. ... / The aim of the research project was the development of an assembly working system consisting of careful elements, anchors and substructure for the development of leading facade solutions. Has become a new mineral composite material with a textile ef ect, which allows the production of extremely narrow-walled 3D high-performance elements with a high degree of accuracy. This means that there is a very great potential for lightweight construction, with a strong weight reduction and thus enables what it is to do. ...

The consumption of heating energy in existing buildings represents a large share of total national energy consumption and therefore contributes significantly to the production of climate-damaging CO2. In order to stop climate change and make a substantial contribution to climate protection, heating energy consumption must therefore be reduced urgently. The most effective way to do this is to maintain and renovate uninsulated buildings. Thermal insulation is and remains one of the most important measures for reducing energy demand in buildings. Interior insulation has become increasingly important in recent years. This is due to the fact that a considerable part of the building stock, which can easily be insulated from the outside, has already been renovated. On the other hand, the proportion of remaining buildings where, for various reasons, only interior insulation is possible or even more advantageous, is becoming larger and larger. The surface area of the exterior walls accounts for a large proportion of the total building and thus of the potential for energy optimisation. In order to achieve optimal renovation success, the presented concept is developed on the basis of the existing condition of the building.:1 Introduction 1 2 Planning phases 2 3 Façade renovation concept 5 Monument status 5 Documentation of the condition of the façade 5 General measures on the existing structure 6 Notes on driving rain / splash water protection 10 Measures for plaster facades 15 Measures for exposed masonry 16 4 Development of an insulation concept 19 Determination of desired insulation standard 19 Selection of possible insulation systems 20 Overview of the most important evaluation criteria 28 Hygrothermal behaviour of typical insulation systems 28 5 Dimensioning and verification 29 Verification free / deemed to satisfy interior insulations according to DIN 4108-3 30 Simplified verification for internal insulation 30 Extension of the simplified verification – classification of vapour permeable, capillary-active insulation systems 31 Verification by hygrothermal simulation 34 Simulation tables for typical applications / approvals by manufactures 36 6 Dimensioning / execution of connection details 37 General dimensioning recommendations 37 Typical connection details 39 Selection criteria for the detailed design 40 Constructive tips for interior insulation measures 43 Hygrothermal simulation of connection details 46 7 Literature 47 A Appendix 49 Description of waterproofing systems 49 Insulation systems investigated for hygrothermal behaviour (from EnEffID) 53 Preparation of a simplified verification according to WTA guideline 6-4 57 Boundary conditions for the simplified verification for the classification of vapour permeable, capillary-active insulation materials 58 Evaluation of the classification of vapour permeable, capillary-active insulation materials 59 Characteristic values, boundary conditions and evaluation criteria for hygrothermal simulations 60 Application example for a one-dimensional hygrothermal design 63 Application examples for the hygrothermal design of connection details 67 Typical connection details 74 Flowchart Facade renovation concept 101 Flowchart Insulation concept 102