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Efikasnost i bezbednost lečenja obolelih od reumatoidnog artritisa TNF-alfa inhibitorima / Efficacy and safety of the treatment with TNF-alpha inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis patientsMaksimović Simović Marina 21 March 2018 (has links)
<p>Uvod: Reumatoidni artritis (RA) je bolest koja dovodi do ireverzibilnog oštećenja zglobova usled čega je neophodno pri postavljanju dijagnoze započeti lečenje. TNF-alfa inhibitori predstavljaju revolucionarno otkriće u lečenju RA, pri čemu su najčešće korišćeni Etanercept i Adalimumab. Oni nisu efikasni kod svih pacijenata kod kojih se primene, a mehanizmi gubitka odgovora nisu jasni. Cilj rada je odrediti uticaj Etanercepta i Adalimumaba na aktivnost bolesti (merenjem DAS28 SE i DAS28 CRP skora) i funkcionalni status pacijenata (merenjem HAQ-DI upitnika), broj bolnih i otečnih zglobova pre i tokom godinu dana primene ovih lekova, kao i utvrditi povezanost koncentracije Etanercepta i Adalimumaba u krvi sa vrednostima DAS28 SE u momentu odreĎivanja koncentracije leka. Praćena je i učestalost neželjenih efekata kod pacijenata lečenih sa ova dva leka. Ispitan je i uticaj primene Metotreksata na nivoe lekova u krvi, kao i doza Metotreksata pre i 6 meseci nakon uvoĎenja Etanercepta ili Adalimumaba. Metode: Studija je sprovedena u Specijalnoj bolnici za reumatske bolesti i Klinici za nefrologiju i kliničku imunologiju, Kliničkog centra Vojvodine u Novom Sadu i obuhvatila je 88 pacijenata kod kojih je postavljena dijagnoza RA, od kojih je 49 bilo lečeno Etanerceptom, a 39 Adalimumabom. Analizirana je medicinska dokumentacija, a nakon početka primene TNF-alfa inhibitora svim ispitanicima je u toku godinu dana svaka tri meseca raĎena kontrola koja je podrazumevala anamnezu i fizički pregled, analizu biohemijskih nalaza krvi, merena je aktivnost bolesti merenjem indeksa aktivnosti bolesti DAS28 SE i DAS28 CRP i raĎena procena funkcionalnog statusa tako što je pacijent popunjavao HAQ-DI upitnik. Rezultati: Aktivnost RA merena DAS28 SE i DAS28 CRP indeksima, funkcionalni status meren HAQ-DI upitnikom, broj bolnih i otečenih zglobova i vrednosti reaktanata akutne faze značajno su veći pre početka terapije Etanerceptom i Adalimumabom i smanjuje se tokom prvih 6 meseci lečenja ovim lekovima i potom se taj efekat terapije održava do kraja perioda praćenja. Nema statistički značajne razlike u poreĎenju Etanercepta i Adalimumaba u odnosu na učestalost neželjenih dejstava. Doza Metotreksata je statistički značajno manja 6 meseci nakon upotrebe biološkog leka Etanercept i Adalimumab. Pacijenti lečeni Metotreksatom uz Adalimumab imali su statistički značajno veće nivoe leka, nego oni koji ga nisu koristili. Zaključak: TNF-alfa inhibitori ne dovode do zaustavljanja bolesti kod svih pacijenata kod kojih se primene. Mehanizam gubitka odgovora na terapiju TNF-alfa inhibitorima nije jasan. Kako bi se donela najbolja odluka za pacijenta, neophodno je odrediti nivo leka u krvi, kao i nivo antitela na lek prilikom svake promene stanja pacijenta. Za sada nema dovoljno studija koje ukazuju da li postoji veza izmeĎu ekspresije TNF-alfa gena i nivoa TNF-alfa u krvi, te da li bi se merenjem TNF-alfa u krvi mogla korigovati terapija i doza TNF-alfa inhibitora što će verovatno biti predmet budućih istraživanja.</p> / <p>Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a disease that leads to irreversible joint damage, which makes necessary to start treatment when the diagnosis is set. TNF-alpha inhibitors represent a revolutionary discovery in the treatment of RA, and the most commonly used are Etanercept and Adalimumab. They are not effective in all patients, and the mechanisms of loss of response are not clear. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Etanercept and Adalimumab on disease activity (by measuring DAS28 SE and DAS28 CRP score) and the functional status of patients (by measuring the HAQ-DI questionnaire), the number of painful and swollen joints before and during the first year of administration of these drugs. Also, it was determined a correlation between the concentration of Etanercept and Adalimumab in blood and the values of DAS28 SE at the moment of drug concentration measurement. The incidence of adverse effects in patients treated with these two drugs was also observed. It was examined the effect of Methotrexate on drug levels in the blood as well as the dose of Methotrexate before and 6 months after the introduction of Etanercept or Adalimumab. Methods: The study was conducted at the Special Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases and the Clinic of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Clinical Center of Vojvodina in Novi Sad. It included 88 patients with RA, 49 were treated with Etanercept and 39 with Adalimumab. Medical documentation was analyzed, and during the first year of TNF-alpha inhibitor administration, every three months were done anamnesis and physical examination, analysis of blood biochemical findings, measurements of the disease activity with DAS28 SE and DAS28 CRP score and a functional status assessment with the HAQ-DI questionnaire. Results: Disease activity measured by DAS28 SE and DAS28 CRP scores, functional status measured with HAQ-DI questionnaire, number of painful and swollen joints and acute phase reactant values are significantly higher before Etanercept and Adalimumab therapy and decreased during the first 6 months of treatment with these drugs and then this effect of therapy is maintained until the end of the monitoring period. There is no statistically significant difference in the comparison of Etanercept and Adalimumab with respect to the frequency of adverse events. The dose of Methotrexate was statistically significantly lower for 6 months after the use of Etanercept and Adalimumab. Patients treated with Methotrexate and Adalimumab had statistically significantly higher drug levels than those who did not use it. Conclusion: TNF-alpha inhibitors are not effective in all patients who used them. The mechanism of loss of response to TNF-alpha inhibitors is not clear. In order to make the best decision for the patient, it is necessary to determine the drug level in the blood as well as the level of antibodies to the drug in each change in the patient's condition. For now, there are not enough studies to indicate whether there is a link between expression of the TNF-alpha gene and the level of TNF-alpha in the blood, and whether the measurement of the TNF-alpha in blood could be used for therapy correction and change of dose of TNF-alpha inhibitor, which is likely to be the subject of the future research.</p>
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Biochemische Charakterisierung von PpoA aus Aspergillus nidulans / Biochemical Characterisation of PpoA from Aspergillus nidulansBrodhun, Florian 28 October 2009 (has links)
No description available.
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The regulation of hypoxia-responsive gene expression by hydroxyl radicals and intracellular calcium / Die Regulation der hypoxia-responsiven Gen-Expression durch Hydroxylradikale und intrazelluläres CalciumLiu, Qing 22 January 2004 (has links)
No description available.
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Etablierung eines Messverfahrens für die Komplementkomponente FHR-3 und seine Anwendung auf die Bestimmung von FHR-3 Plasmakonzentrationen bei Patienten mit altersabhängiger Makuladegeneration. / Establishment of a measurement procedure for the complement FHR-3 and its application to the determination of FHR-3 plasma concentrations in patients with age-related macular degeneration.Och, Daniela 01 August 2012 (has links)
No description available.
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Signalling of hematopoietic growth factors in mammalian neural cells / Signalwege von hämatopoietische Wachstumsfaktoren in mammalian neural ZellenByts, Nadiya 02 May 2007 (has links)
No description available.
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Ultraschnelle Ladungsträger- und Spindynamik in II-VI und III-V Halbleitern mit weiter BandlückeRaskin, Maxim 11 October 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Herstellung und Charakterisierung von verdünnten magnetischen II-VI und III-V Halbleiter-Dünnschichten. Diese Systeme bieten vereinfachte optische kohärente Kontrolle von Spin-basierten Prozessen und eignen sich hervorragend für den Einsatz in zukünftigen opto-magnetischen Anwendungen.
ZnO-, ZnXO-, GaN- und GaXN-Proben (X = Mangan, Cobalt) sind mit Hilfe der naßchemischen Sol-Gel Synthese hergestellt worden. Sie werden mit Hilfe der Photolumineszenzspektroskopie untersucht. Die spektrale Position der elektronischen Niveaus in der Nähe der Bandkante dieser Materialien wird bestimmt, um in weiteren Experimenten die freien und gebundenen Exzitonen einzeln abzufragen. Mit der Methode der zeitaufgelösten differentiellen Transmissionsspektroskopie (TRDT) werden die Lebensdauern dieser Ladungsträger bestimmt und mit ultraschnellen Prozessen der optischen Anregung und Relaxation in Verbindung gebracht. Die Methode der zeitaufgelösten Faraday-Rotation-Spektroskopie (TRFR) wird angewandt, um die kohärente Spindynamik des optisch angeregten Teilchenensembles zu beschreiben. Die Kohärenz unterliegt den Störeinflüssen verschiedener Streumechanismen, die in der vorliegenden Arbeit identifiziert und quantitativ beschrieben werden. Bei einigen untersuchten Materialsystemen (ZnCoO, ZnMnO und GaMnN) wird die jeweilige spezifische Elektron-Ion Austauschenergie N0α bestimmt, welche die Kopplungsstärke der elektronischen Spins zu denen der Dotierionen beschreibt.
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The influence of the 2008/2009 economic recession on travel behaviour of visitors to the Kruger National Park / Marco ScholtzScholtz, Marco January 2010 (has links)
During the recession period of 2008/2009, global tourism declined by 8%. This was also
evident is South Africa with the domestic travel market shrinking by 8% as well. However,
this did not apply to the Kruger National Park (KNP) which experienced a sustained
Accommodation Unit Occupancy growth of 1.6% during the same period. Visitors to the KNP
thus see it as an attractive holiday destination irrespective of tough economic conditions
characterised by less disposable income. To sustain this growth, it is important to be aware
of the reasons visitors still visit the KNP during a recession.
The aim of this study was to determine the reasons why visitors still travelled to the KNP
during the 2008/2009 recession. This can be done by analysing the visitors’ behaviour and
the motivational factors (internal feelings of the visitors) and determinants of the demand
(income and exchange rates for instance) that influenced visitors’ choice to visit the KNP. To
achieve this aim, a survey was conducted at the KNP between 15 and 20 December 2009
(high season). A total of 355 questionnaires were completed, after which a number of
analyses were done to determine the effects of the recession on travel behaviour. For the
purpose of this study, two articles were written.
Article 1 is titled: “Motivations of visitors to the Kruger National Park during the 2008/2009
recession period”. The aim of this article was to determine the motivations of visitors to the
KNP during the recession. A factor analysis on the motivations to visit the park was
conducted, of which the following factors obtained the highest mean values: Escape, Wildlife
experience and Family benefits. Push factors to the KNP were important to such an extent
that visitors regarded visiting the park as a primary need or lifestyle. The results furthermore
showed that visitors might have adapted their spending behaviour at the park to still afford to
visit the park during the recession. This article provides a better understanding of visitors’
feelings towards the KNP, especially amidst recessions which, in turn, will improve niche
marketing and a competitive advantage.
Article 2 is titled: “Factors that influenced demand to the Kruger National Park during the
2008/2009 economic recession”. The aim of this article was to identify the determinants that
influence the demand for visits to the KNP. Due to the homogeneous nature of the park’s
market, the results of the stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed a few socio-demographic and behavioural determinants that influenced visitors’ demand to the park. The
motives Escape and Souvenirs were the only two behavioural determinants while the
provinces Gauteng and Mpumalanga were the only socio-demographic determinants. These
two provinces are the two main markets for the KNP. Visitors indicated that visiting the KNP
is a great way of escaping their busy metropolitan areas, especially in the Gauteng province.
Mpumalanga residents have many tourism attractions in their province thus lowering the
chances that they will visit the KNP. The determinant Souvenirs indicates that visitors
adapted their spending at the park to still be able to afford visits. It was also found that
demand to visit the park was not greatly influenced by the recession, because visitors could
adapt their spending at the park.
This is the first time the determinants of demand to a national park during a recession period
have been conducted. The study indicated that visiting natural areas may have become a
primary need or part of a lifestyle, especially during the 2008/2009 recession period. This
article gives park management guidelines that will ensure the sustainability of the KNP
because this information now allows for well-planned, thorough marketing and management
of the park. In the case of KNP, which has a homogeneous market, the number of
determinants identified influencing demand for visiting the park is fewer than has been found
in other studies done on heterogeneous markets. This study therefore also makes a valuable
methodological contribution in relation to analysing demand of homogeneous and
heterogeneous markets. / Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Key success factors in managing the visitor experience at the Cape Town International Jazz Festival / Williams K.Williams, Karen. January 2011 (has links)
The event tourism industry is one of the fastest growing tourism industries worldwide. One
type of event that is growing immensely is festivals, especially music festivals such as the
Cape Town International Jazz Festival. As a result of the fast growing pace of festivals, it
has become crucial for a festival to sustain itself in the market place to stay competitive.
The Cape Town International Jazz Festival (the Jazz Festival) is a fast growing music
festival and hosts numerous well–known local and international jazz artists, as well as young
up–and–coming artists. For this exciting Jazz Festival to keep growing, it needs to be
sustainable. To achieve this, the organisers and managers of the Jazz Festival need to know
what is important to the visitors of the Jazz Festival, so they can fulfil their needs. This in turn
leads to satisfied visitors that will return to the Jazz Festival and keep the festival
sustainable. Generally speaking, music festivals have a more professional management
approach than other tourism events and thus are more likely to be more successful.
Key Success Factors (KSFs) are a precondition for the success of any event and will
influence the competitiveness of the event in the market place. It is imperative for organisers
to identify the KSFs that are important to the visitors so as to provide them with a satisfactory
experience. This will also assist in measuring the achievement of the event’s goals and
objectives.
The main purpose of this study was to determine the KSFs in managing the visitor
experience at the Cape Town International Jazz Festival. To reach this goal, the study is
divided into two articles. Research for both articles was conducted at the Cape Town
International Jazz Festival through distributing 400 questionnaires randomly throughout the
two days of the festival, which was held on 3 and 4 April 2010.
Article 1 is titled: “Key aspects for efficient and effective management of the Cape
Town International Jazz Festival: a visitor’s perspective”. The main purpose of this
article was to identify the Key Success Factors in managing the Cape Town International
Jazz Festival, to determine what visitors deemed as important when attending the Jazz
Festival. A factor analysis was done to achieve this goal. Results indicated that Hospitality
Factors, Quality Venues, Information Dissemination, Marketing and Sales, and Value and
Quality are the KSFs that are of importance when managing the Jazz Festival. The results of
this article provided festival managers with valuable information when organising an event
such as the Cape Town International Jazz Festival.
Article 2 is titled: “The importance of different Key Success Factors to different target
markets of the Cape Town International Jazz Festival based on travel motives”. The
main purpose of this article was to determine whether different target markets that are
visiting the Jazz Festival, deemed different KSFs as important, depending on their travel
motives. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done to determine if there were statistically
significant differences between the three clusters and the KSFs that they deemed important.
Results showed that the three clusters, namely, Escapists, Culture Seekers and Jazz
Lovers, deemed different KSFs as important when they are visiting the Jazz Festival. The
results of this article gave festival organisers and marketing managers insight as to which
markets to focus scarce marketing resources on and which markets to keep growing, as they
will sustain the festival in the long term.
Therefore, this research revealed the KSFs that are of utmost importance when managing
the Cape Town International Jazz Festival, and that these aspects differ for certain markets.
Organisers therefore need to assess the KSFs to provide products that will satisfy the visitor
in order for him/her to return each year and keep the festival competitive and sustainable. / Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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389 |
The influence of the 2008/2009 economic recession on travel behaviour of visitors to the Kruger National Park / Marco ScholtzScholtz, Marco January 2010 (has links)
During the recession period of 2008/2009, global tourism declined by 8%. This was also
evident is South Africa with the domestic travel market shrinking by 8% as well. However,
this did not apply to the Kruger National Park (KNP) which experienced a sustained
Accommodation Unit Occupancy growth of 1.6% during the same period. Visitors to the KNP
thus see it as an attractive holiday destination irrespective of tough economic conditions
characterised by less disposable income. To sustain this growth, it is important to be aware
of the reasons visitors still visit the KNP during a recession.
The aim of this study was to determine the reasons why visitors still travelled to the KNP
during the 2008/2009 recession. This can be done by analysing the visitors’ behaviour and
the motivational factors (internal feelings of the visitors) and determinants of the demand
(income and exchange rates for instance) that influenced visitors’ choice to visit the KNP. To
achieve this aim, a survey was conducted at the KNP between 15 and 20 December 2009
(high season). A total of 355 questionnaires were completed, after which a number of
analyses were done to determine the effects of the recession on travel behaviour. For the
purpose of this study, two articles were written.
Article 1 is titled: “Motivations of visitors to the Kruger National Park during the 2008/2009
recession period”. The aim of this article was to determine the motivations of visitors to the
KNP during the recession. A factor analysis on the motivations to visit the park was
conducted, of which the following factors obtained the highest mean values: Escape, Wildlife
experience and Family benefits. Push factors to the KNP were important to such an extent
that visitors regarded visiting the park as a primary need or lifestyle. The results furthermore
showed that visitors might have adapted their spending behaviour at the park to still afford to
visit the park during the recession. This article provides a better understanding of visitors’
feelings towards the KNP, especially amidst recessions which, in turn, will improve niche
marketing and a competitive advantage.
Article 2 is titled: “Factors that influenced demand to the Kruger National Park during the
2008/2009 economic recession”. The aim of this article was to identify the determinants that
influence the demand for visits to the KNP. Due to the homogeneous nature of the park’s
market, the results of the stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed a few socio-demographic and behavioural determinants that influenced visitors’ demand to the park. The
motives Escape and Souvenirs were the only two behavioural determinants while the
provinces Gauteng and Mpumalanga were the only socio-demographic determinants. These
two provinces are the two main markets for the KNP. Visitors indicated that visiting the KNP
is a great way of escaping their busy metropolitan areas, especially in the Gauteng province.
Mpumalanga residents have many tourism attractions in their province thus lowering the
chances that they will visit the KNP. The determinant Souvenirs indicates that visitors
adapted their spending at the park to still be able to afford visits. It was also found that
demand to visit the park was not greatly influenced by the recession, because visitors could
adapt their spending at the park.
This is the first time the determinants of demand to a national park during a recession period
have been conducted. The study indicated that visiting natural areas may have become a
primary need or part of a lifestyle, especially during the 2008/2009 recession period. This
article gives park management guidelines that will ensure the sustainability of the KNP
because this information now allows for well-planned, thorough marketing and management
of the park. In the case of KNP, which has a homogeneous market, the number of
determinants identified influencing demand for visiting the park is fewer than has been found
in other studies done on heterogeneous markets. This study therefore also makes a valuable
methodological contribution in relation to analysing demand of homogeneous and
heterogeneous markets. / Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
|
390 |
Key success factors in managing the visitor experience at the Cape Town International Jazz Festival / Williams K.Williams, Karen. January 2011 (has links)
The event tourism industry is one of the fastest growing tourism industries worldwide. One
type of event that is growing immensely is festivals, especially music festivals such as the
Cape Town International Jazz Festival. As a result of the fast growing pace of festivals, it
has become crucial for a festival to sustain itself in the market place to stay competitive.
The Cape Town International Jazz Festival (the Jazz Festival) is a fast growing music
festival and hosts numerous well–known local and international jazz artists, as well as young
up–and–coming artists. For this exciting Jazz Festival to keep growing, it needs to be
sustainable. To achieve this, the organisers and managers of the Jazz Festival need to know
what is important to the visitors of the Jazz Festival, so they can fulfil their needs. This in turn
leads to satisfied visitors that will return to the Jazz Festival and keep the festival
sustainable. Generally speaking, music festivals have a more professional management
approach than other tourism events and thus are more likely to be more successful.
Key Success Factors (KSFs) are a precondition for the success of any event and will
influence the competitiveness of the event in the market place. It is imperative for organisers
to identify the KSFs that are important to the visitors so as to provide them with a satisfactory
experience. This will also assist in measuring the achievement of the event’s goals and
objectives.
The main purpose of this study was to determine the KSFs in managing the visitor
experience at the Cape Town International Jazz Festival. To reach this goal, the study is
divided into two articles. Research for both articles was conducted at the Cape Town
International Jazz Festival through distributing 400 questionnaires randomly throughout the
two days of the festival, which was held on 3 and 4 April 2010.
Article 1 is titled: “Key aspects for efficient and effective management of the Cape
Town International Jazz Festival: a visitor’s perspective”. The main purpose of this
article was to identify the Key Success Factors in managing the Cape Town International
Jazz Festival, to determine what visitors deemed as important when attending the Jazz
Festival. A factor analysis was done to achieve this goal. Results indicated that Hospitality
Factors, Quality Venues, Information Dissemination, Marketing and Sales, and Value and
Quality are the KSFs that are of importance when managing the Jazz Festival. The results of
this article provided festival managers with valuable information when organising an event
such as the Cape Town International Jazz Festival.
Article 2 is titled: “The importance of different Key Success Factors to different target
markets of the Cape Town International Jazz Festival based on travel motives”. The
main purpose of this article was to determine whether different target markets that are
visiting the Jazz Festival, deemed different KSFs as important, depending on their travel
motives. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was done to determine if there were statistically
significant differences between the three clusters and the KSFs that they deemed important.
Results showed that the three clusters, namely, Escapists, Culture Seekers and Jazz
Lovers, deemed different KSFs as important when they are visiting the Jazz Festival. The
results of this article gave festival organisers and marketing managers insight as to which
markets to focus scarce marketing resources on and which markets to keep growing, as they
will sustain the festival in the long term.
Therefore, this research revealed the KSFs that are of utmost importance when managing
the Cape Town International Jazz Festival, and that these aspects differ for certain markets.
Organisers therefore need to assess the KSFs to provide products that will satisfy the visitor
in order for him/her to return each year and keep the festival competitive and sustainable. / Thesis (M.Com. (Tourism))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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