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The role of the family system in the rehabilitation process of substance abuseGam, Beverley 11 September 2012 (has links)
M.A. / According to Edmonds and Wilcocks (1995:1-2), South Africa is in the grip of a major drug boom. If this is not taken seriously, South Africa could lose as much as 30% of its future generation in terms of health, happiness, functioning and even life. Drug abuse is an important factor that can affect the quality of life of not only the drug abuser, but also all those connected with them (Edmonds and Wilcocks, 1995:1-2). Substance abuse is a problem that influences the family system. Models such as Bell and Khantzian (1991) and Cooks' (1988) description of the Minnesota model define substance abuse as a disease. This model also known as the medical model, can be attributed to the work of Jellinek (1960). It focuses on individual biological factors with little consideration for familial, social or psychological variables. On the other hand, a family systems perspective indicates that the family system enables the substance abuser towards abusive patterns of behaviour. The family plays an important role in the process of dependency as well as in the rehabilitation process. These models are brought together in the study, as this combination is valuable in understanding the complexity of substance abuse and its effects on the family system. The aim of the study is to explore the families understanding of substance abuse and their role in the treatment process. A qualitative methodology is used to understand the life events, experiences and beliefs of family members, from their point of view. The focus of the research is on family members who have attended the family program at Stepping Stones Rehabilitation Center. Exploring the understanding they have of substance abuse and their role in the treatment process, from their frame of reference. The theoretical basis for the study is formulated within the medical model and a systems perspective. A nonprobability, purposive sample is utilized to seek information rich cases. Eleven respondents are interviewed. Different members within the family system are selected to illuminate the question under investigation. An interview schedule formulated from literature, is utilized to create consistency in the face-to-face interviews. The in depth interviews facilitate exploration. Data is gathered by means of a literature review, field notes and audiotapes transcribed by the researcher. Analysis of the data is done manually according to a schedule. The schedule I developed according to coding categories that are identified when working with raw data. The information from the data gathered is analysed and used to identify themes, which are offered as results. An extensive literature control is conducted, in order to further the validity of the research. From the study, methodological and theoretical conclusions can be made. Methodological conclusions indicate the effectiveness of using a qualitative methodology and face-to-face interviews in exploring the question under study. The theoretical conclusions indicate families understanding of substance abuse and their role in the treatment process. Recommendations in terms of intervention with families affected by substance abuse and future research, are drawn from the research process and context of the study ensure the link between results and conclusions and aims and objectives. The research indicates that families have an intellectual understanding of the disease concept of substance abuse. Their searching for alternative solutions and use of defence mechanisms, indicate that this concept has not been internalized. Respondents acknowledged the long term nature of recovery that is facilitated by the use of support groups.
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Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) for families of adolescents with type 1 diabetes : a randomised controlled trial of self-directed teen Triple PDoherty, Francesca January 2012 (has links)
This thesis follows a paper based format where papers 1 and 2 are stand-alone papers prepared for submission to the Journal of Pediatric Psychology. The relevant submission guidelines are included in the Appendix. Paper One: The purpose of this systematic review was to assess the effects of family-centred interventions for children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes and review the bias associated with included studies. The review summarises the outcome measures which consisted of HbA1cs, hospital admissions for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), adherence, and family relationships including diabetes-related conflict. Research studies that were randomized controlled trials were selected to maximise the quality of information reviewed. Electronic searches of the OVID database using MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched from their start dates until May 2012. Nine studies were located and assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Two studies were excluded from further analysis due to serious concerns about bias of their results. The remaining 7 had their findings summarised in a narrative statement, which indicated that family-centred interventions significantly improved HbA1cs, reduced DKA admission rates, improved adherence, and enhanced family relationships including reduced conflict. Family-centred interventions appear to be effective in enhancing health and psychological outcomes. The interventions however, were mainly in clinical settings and delivered by trained professionals. Given the importance of the family relationships in diabetes control, a need exists for interventions to have a more flexible setting and method of delivery, remain viable and demonstrate sustainability. Paper two: Clinic based interventions in type 1 diabetes have shown improvements in family relationships and metabolic control, but have limited reach. Therefore, a self-directed intervention was evaluated. Recruitment occurred through national advertising with diabetes charities, and the randomized controlled trial was conducted via online data collection. Parents of adolescents (aged 11-17) with diabetes were randomized to usual care (n = 37) or intervention (n = 42) using computerised block randomization, with researchers blinded to block size. The 10 week intervention involved the Self-directed Teen Triple P (Positive Parenting Program) workbook (10x1hour modules) and Chronic Illness tip sheet. Primary outcomes of diabetes-related family conflict and parenting stress were assessed pre and post-intervention. Intention-to-treat analysis was undertaken (n = 79), due to increased attrition from the intervention group. Intervention significantly improved diabetes related conflict, but not parental stress, compared to usual care. Followup analyses will assess maintenance effects and impact on metabolic control. Paper three: This paper was a Critical Evaluation, the purpose of which was to consider the findings from both papers, highlight additional and unexpected outcomes, place the research in the wider context, explore limitations of the thesis, and to discuss implications for future work.
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A Definition of the Role of Homemaker by Two Generations of WomenWise, Genevieve 01 May 1964 (has links)
This research is an attempt to investigate to what degree society, as represented by a selected group of married women, is accepting the role of the working wife and mother, and to what degree the traditional definition still prevails in the minds of two generations of women.
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Family Relations Factors that Facilitate or Inhibit Middle Adolescent Identity DevelopmentDyk, Patricia Hyjer 01 May 1990 (has links)
The formation of a sense of personal identity is a major task of adolescence. An adolescent's experimentation with roles is carried out in social interactions, the family being one important context for development. Research evidence suggests that the family's ability to tolerate individuality and maintain connectedness has implications for the process of identity formation. The purpose of this study was to identify family relations factors that facilitate or inhibit patterns of identity development during middle adolescence (high school years). Self-report and observational data were obtained from 49 families with middle adolescents to tap behaviors conceptualized as enabling or constraining individuality and connectedness. Mothers, fathers, and adolescents females, 20 males) completed two questionnaires assessing their perceptions of child-rearing behaviors within the parent-adolescent dyad : the Parent-Adolescent Relationship Questionnaire (PARQ) and Ellis, Thomas, and Rollins subscales. Perceptions of f amily system functioning were measured by FACES II. All three family members participated in a family interaction task, and observed social interaction behaviors were coded by nonfamily members . Adolescents completed an ego identity questionnaire (EOM-EIS) in the first and third years of the study. Based upon changes in identity status, adolescents were categorized as progressive, stable, or regressive. Family relations factors were then compared for each of these three groups . Results identify several child-rearing perceptions and social interaction variables as factors associated with progressive or regressive identity development. Fathers' perceptions of moderate levels of affection in the fatheradolescent relationship appear to facilitate identity development, while high levels of companionship and support are inhibiting factors. Adolescents' perceptions of a moderate level of withdrawal in the father-adolescent relationship are another facilitative factor. Lower proportions of fathers' and adolescents' enabling individuality behaviors appear to inhibit development, as do high proportions of enabling connectedness behaviors by both parents. The results from both perceptual and behavioral data support the notion that to facilitate identity exploration during middle adolescence, there needs to be a balance of expression of individuality and moderate connectedness in the family environment.
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Boundary Ambiguity and Ambivalence in Military Family ReintegrationHollingsworth, William-Glenn Langley 13 March 2014 (has links)
Since the beginning of the Global War on Terror, almost three million children, spouses, and adult dependents have been directly affected by the deployment experiences of more than two million service members. This study examined the applicability of the Contextual Model of Family Stress (Boss, 2002) to a reintegrating military family sample (N = 228) by assessing the effects of external, military-related contextual factors (i.e., rank, component, combat exposure, length of time home post-deployment, and cumulative length of deployments) and internal contextual factors of boundary ambiguity and family and deployment-related ambivalence on family functioning. Quantitative data were taken from a national survey of service members from multiple branches of the United States military. A hierarchical regression analysis revealed that, as a whole, the addition of the military-related contextual factors, boundary ambiguity, and the ambivalence variables made a significant contribution to the prediction of family functioning, controlling for all previously entered variables. Service members from lower ranks and those who had been home for longer periods of time reported poorer family functioning. Higher degrees of boundary ambiguity and family ambivalence were also associated with poorer family functioning. The results from this study extend existing theoretical applications of the Contextual Model (Boss, 2002) to military families through the incorporation of boundary ambiguity and ambivalence. Findings will also inform interventions aimed at promoting family resilience in the military population during the post-deployment period. / Ph. D.
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Family relationships and dementia: A synthesis of qualitative research including the person with dementiaLa Fontaine Papadopoulos, Jenny H., Oyebode, Jan 19 March 2013 (has links)
Yes / Family relationships are important for wellbeing across the life course and are known to be important for people living with dementia, bringing benefits to self-esteem and identity, as well as providing support for people living at home. Recent research has explored the impact of dementia upon relationships. Much of this research is qualitative in nature and rarely included in systematic reviews, however, it has the potential to provide significant contributions to understanding the interplay between family relationships and dementia and to inform interventions.
A systematic synthesis of qualitative research concerning the impact of dementia upon family relationships was undertaken, using thematic synthesis. Eleven articles were reviewed, which address the perspectives of people living with dementia and their spouse and/or adult children. The aims of this review are to illuminate what is currently known about the reciprocal influences between family relationships and dementia from the perspectives of the family (including the person with dementia); and to consider the implications of these findings for research and practice. Four super-ordinate themes were identified: A shared history, negotiating the impact of dementia upon the relationship, openness and awareness, and shifting sands.
This synthesis contributes to an emerging field but also highlights gaps in current understanding of the impact of dementia upon relationships and in providing appropriate interventions. Implications for research and practice are considered.
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Resilience in families in which a member has been diagnosed with schizophreniaBishop, Melanie 04 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The primary aim of this study was to identify family resilience qualities that families use to
adapt after a member has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. Family resilience refers to the
family’s ability to adjust and adapt after a crisis. A secondary aim of this study was to
determine whether there are significant differences between groups with regard to
biographical variables (i.e. relationship to the ill member, home language, racial groups,
family structure, and annual household income) and potential resilience variables. The
primary theory utilised in this study was proposed by McCubbin and McCubbin (1996a),
namely the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation, and the
secondary theory utilised is the Family Resilience Framework described by Walsh (2012).
Qualitative and quantitative data were collected and analysed in order to answer the research
question. Data were collected from 51 participants, who represented 42 families. Families
were recruited from three support groups within the Western Cape, South Africa. Qualitative
data were obtained through an open-ended question in which the participant was asked to
indicate the strengths and resources used by the family to adapt after a member had been
diagnosed with schizophrenia. Resilience qualities within the qualitative data were identified
through a process of thematic theme analysis. Quantitative data were collected using seven
self-report questionnaires, which collectively gave an indication of possible family resilience
qualities within the family. Quantitative data were analysed using a mixed model repeated
measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson’s product-moment correlations, and a bestsubset
regression analysis. Ten statistically significant correlations were found between
independent variables and family adaptation. Nine of these variables had a significant
positive correlation with family adaptation, namely family income; the degree to which the
family finds support in their community; special events and family time; the style of
communication during crises; positive communication patterns during crises; family hardiness; the ability of the family to work together and their internal strengths; positive
reframing and ability to learn; and the internal locus of control within families. Only one
negative correlation with family adaptation was found, namely incendiary communication
during times of crisis. The quantitative results were compared with the qualitative themes,
and additional findings from the qualitative data were reported. An additional theme that
emerged from the qualitative analyses was factors relating to the diagnosed family member,
and a subtheme, namely passive appraisal of a crisis. Differences were also found between
groups with regard to the measured variables. It is evident from the findings that the identified qualities and resources may be used in interventions to strengthen other families in
which a member has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die primêre doel van hierdie studie was om gesinsveerkragtigheidskenmerke te identifiseer
wat gesinne gebruik om aan te pas nadat ’n gesinslid met skisofrenie gediagnoseer is.
Gesinsveerkragtigheid verwys na die gesin se vermoë om verstellings te maak en aan te pas
ná ’n krisis. ’n Sekondêre doelstelling van hierdie studie was om vas te stel of daar
beduidende verskille tussen groepe is ten opsigte van biografiese veranderlikes (verhouding
met gediagnoseerder lid, huistaal, ras, gesinstruktuur, en jaarlikse huishoudelike inkomste) en
potensiële veerkragtigheidsveranderlikes. Die primêre teorie onderliggend aan hierdie studie
is dié van McCubbin en McCubbin (1996a), naamlik die “Resiliency Model of Family Stress,
Adjustment and Adaptation”. Die sekondêre teorie wat gebruik is, is die “Family Resilience
Framework” beskryf deur Walsh (2012). Kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe data is ingesamel en
ontleed ten einde die navorsingsvraag te beantwoord. Data is vanaf 51 deelnemers wat 42
gesinne verteenwoordig het, ingesamel. Gesinne is verkry by drie ondersteuningsgroepe in
die Wes-Kaap, Suid-Afrika. Kwalitatiewe data is met ’n oop-einde vraag ingesamel waarin
die deelnemende gesinslid gevra is om in sy/haar eie woorde te beskryf watter
hulpbronne/kwaliteite/eienskappe die gesin as ’n eenheid gebruik het om aan te pas nadat die
lid met skisofrenie gediagnoseer is. Veerkragtigheidseienskappe in die kwalitatiewe data is
deur ’n proses van tematiese tema-ontleding geïdentifiseer. Kwantitatiewe data is met behulp
van sewe self-rapporteringsvraelyste ingesamel wat gesamentlik ’n aanduiding verskaf van
moontlike gesinsveerkragtigheidseienskappe. Kwantitatiewe data is met behulp van
gemengde-model herhaalde metings variansieontleding (ANOVA), Pearson
produkmomentkorrelasies, en beste-substel regressieontledings ontleed. Tien statisties
beduidende korrelasies is tussen onafhanklike veranderlikes en gesinsaanpasbaarheid gevind.
Nege van hierdie veranderlikes het ’n positiewe korrelasie met gesinsaanpasbaarheid gehad,
naamlik gesinsinkomste; die mate waartoe gesinne ondersteuning van hul gemeenskap kry;
spesiale geleenthede en gesinstyd; die kommunikasiestyl tydens ’n krisis; positiewe kommunikasie-patrone tydens ’n krisis; gesinsgehardheid; die vermoë van die gesin om saam
te werk en hulle interne sterktes; positiewe herformulering en die vermoë om te leer; en ’n
interne lokus van kontrole binne die gesin. Slegs een negatiewe korrelasie met
gesinsaanpasbaarheid is gevind, naamlik die gebruik van opruiende kommunikasie. Die
kwanitatiewe resultate is met die kwalitatiewe temas vergelyk en bykomende bevindinge
vanuit die kwalitatiewe data is gerapporteer. ’n Bykomende tema wat in die kwalitatiewe
ontledings na vore gekom het, is kenmerke van die gediagnoseerde gesinslid, asook ’n subtema, naamlik passiewe aanvaarding van ’n krisis. Verskille tussen groepe is ook vir die
gemete veranderlikes gevind. Dit volg uit die bevindinge dat die geïdentifiseerde kenmerke
en hulpbronne in intervensies gebruik kan word om ander gesinne waarin ’n lid met
skisofrenie gediagnoseer is, te versterk.
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Removal, reunification, and reentry: The state of foster care children and their substance-abusing parentsDoswell, Jeannette 01 January 2002 (has links)
The increasing number of children who have reentered foster care is a pervasive problem today. The present study examined the recovery of substance-dependent parents and the length of time between reunification and a maltreatment recurrence event.
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Resilience factors in single parent families affected by HIV/AIDSStrauss, Werner F. 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of the current study was to investigate factors that help single-parent families cope
with the news that a family member has been diagnosed with HIV. The theoretical model that
underpinned the study is the Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and Adaptation
of McCubbin and McCubbin (1996). A salutogenic perspective offers a view of human
suffering that moves away from pathology to focus on factors that support successful coping,
hence the focus of the current study on resilience. A cross-sectional survey research design
was used, incorporating a combination method inclusive of both a qualitative and quantitative
component. A total of 109 families, represented by an adult and a child, answered a
qualitative question about what they considered to have helped them cope, and completing a
biographical questionnaire and five questionnaires based on the theoretical model. Analyses
included the Grounded Theory Method, a qualitative analysis method of Strauss and Corbin
(1994; 1998), Pearson correlations and ANOVAs (for a categorical independent variable –
employment status) to compute the significance of correlations between a dependent variable
and a number of independent variables, and regression analysis.
The results of the qualitative investigation revealed that families considered internal strength
(or hardiness), social supports, communication, a sense of hope, using denial (both positive
and negative behaviours to get on with life despite the presence of hardship), changing or
reframing thoughts about the stressor, and material support to have been helpful. The
quantitative results supported the qualitative results and showed that family hardiness
(working together, viewing stressors as challenges and having a belief in own coping
abilities), the availability of social support, supportive communication, use of reframing,
accepting help from others and spiritual support all contributed to families functioning well
under adverse conditions. It was also shown that inflaming types of communication, such as
fighting and doing nothing about a crisis situation, negatively influenced the family
functioning. It was interesting to note that family size had a significant, positive correlation with the parents’ views of family functioning, and that the higher the children’s level of
education, the lower they rated their family functioning to be.
Recommendations for further studies include a focus on resilience in various family types, a
focus on families successfully coping with HIV diagnoses in their families, and the
development of intervention programmes, inclusive of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die huidige studie was om ondersoek in te stel na faktore wat enkelouer gesinne
met ‘n MIV-gediagnoseerde gesinslid ondersteun het. Die studie is teoreties gebou op
McCubbin en McCubbin (1996) se Resiliency Model of Family Stress, Adjustment and
Adaptation. Salutogenese bied ‘n siening of waardering van die manier waarop mense
terugslae hanteer wat weg beweeg van die tradisionele fokus op patologie om te fokus op
faktore wat suksesvolle aanpassing ondersteun ten spyte van die teenwoordigheid van
genoemde krisis. Hierdie benadering bepaal dus die fokus op veerkragtigheid of
gesinsveerkragtigheid wat hierdie studie rig. ’n Deursnee- steekproefontwerp is vir die
navorsing gebruik en het ‘n kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe komponent ingesluit. ‘n Totaal van
109 gesinne is bestudeer, elk deur een volwassene en een kind verteenwoordig. Die
deelnemers het ‘n kwalitatiewe vraag beantwoord oor wat hulle as ondersteunend ten opsigte
van hulle eie krisishantering beskou het, en het ook ‘n biografiese vraelys en vyf vraelyste wat
verskillende aspekte van die teoretiese model gemeet het, voltooi. Die deelnemers se response
is ontleed deur middel van Strauss en Corbin (1994; 1998) se Grounded Theory Method vir
die kwalitatiewe komponent; Pearson se korrelasies en ANOVA’s (ten opsigte van ‘n
katogoriese onafhanklike veranderlike – werkstatus) is gebruik om die korrelasies tussen die
afhanklike en ‘n aantal onafhanklike veranderlikes te bereken en regressie-ontledings is
gedoen.
Die kwalitatiewe resultate het aangedui dat die volgende faktore deur die gesinne beskou is as
ondersteunend van hulle vermoë om krisisse te hanteer: innerlike sterkte, sosiale
ondersteuning, kommunikasie, ‘n gevoel van hoop, die gebruik van ontkenning (beide
positiewe en negatiewe gedrag om met die lewe aan te gaan ten spyte van die swaarkry),
verandering van of herbesinning oor die stressor, en materiële ondersteuning. Die
kwantitatiewe bevindinge het die kwalitatiewe resultate ondersteun en getoon dat
gesinsgehardheid (saamwerk, beskouing van stressors as uitdagings en ‘n vertroue in eie vermoëns), die beskikbaarheid van sosiale ondersteuning, ondersteunende kommunikasie, die
gebruik van herbesinning, aanvaarding van hulp van ander en geestelike ondersteuning almal
gehelp het om die gesin onder ongunstige toestande goed te laat funksioneer. Daar is ook
gevind dat opruiende soorte kommunikasie, soos baklei en niks oor ‘n krisissituasie te doen
nie, ‘n negatiewe invloed op gesinsfunksionering gehad het. Dit was interessant om te vind
dat gesinsgrootte positief met die ouers se beskouing van gesinsfunksionering gekorreleer het,
terwyl ‘n hoër vlak van opvoeding onder die kinders gekorreleer het met ‘n laer skatting van
gesinsfunksionering.
Aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing sluit in ‘n fokus op gesinsveerkragtigheid in verskillende
gesinstipes, ‘n fokus op gesinne wat ‘n MIV-diagnose in die gesin suksesvol hanteer, en die
ontwikkeling van ingrypingsprogramme gebaseer op die beginsels van Kognitiewe
Gedragsterapie en Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.
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Gesinsgehardheid in gesinne waarin 'n kind oorlede isScheepers, Lucas Johannes 12 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A child’s death represents a traumatic loss, which can be understood as a crisis impacting on the
family as a functioning unit. The purpose of the current study was to investigate grief and resilience
in families in which a child has died, while specifically focusing on the internal resistance resource
of family hardiness. A cross-sectional research design was implemented concurrently with intensive
interviews conducted according to the principles of grounded theory. In total, 35 bereaved parents
from the Western Cape participated in the study as representatives of 23 families. The participants
each completed three questionnaires, a biographical questionnaire, the Family Hardiness Index and
the Family Attachment and Changeability Index 8. Pearson and Spearman correlational analyses
indicated significant positive correlations between family hardiness scores (including scores on the
subscales for commitment, challenge and control) and family adaptation (measured by use of the
Family Attachment and Changeability Index 8). Significant associations were also found between
certain biographical variables and family hardiness. Intensive interviews were, furthermore,
conducted with participants representing 12 different families. The analysis of interviewtranscriptions
resulted in the formulation of various thematic categories, such as grief-reactions,
continuing bonds, external support, religion, as well as the core category of family hardiness. A
grounded theory was thus developed concerning grief and resilience in families in which a child has
died. The results of the study reveal the importance of qualitative methods to explore the unique
experiences of bereaved parents and families with the purpose of constructing applied interventions
on the family level. The family hardiness concept was also clarified and shown to be a possible
resistance resource conducive to family adaptation following the loss of a child. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die dood van `n kind is `n traumatiese verlies, wat beskou kan word as `n krisis wat `n impak het op
die gesin as `n funksionerende eenheid. Die doelwit van die huidige studie was om verdriet en
veerkragtigheid in gesinne waarin `n kind oorlede is, te ondersoek, met `n spesifieke fokus op die
interne weerstandsbron van gesinsgehardheid. `n Dwars-snit opname navorsingsontwerp is gebruik
in oorleg met intensiewe onderhoude, wat volgens die beginsels van gegronde teorie gevoer is. In
totaal is 35 ouers, woonagtig in die Wes-Kaap, betrek by die studie, wat opgetree het as verteenwoordigers
van 23 gesinne. Die deelnemers het elk drie vraelyste voltooi, naamlik `n biografiese
vraelys, die Gesinsgehardheid Indeks en die Gesinsgehegtheid en Veranderlikheid Indeks 8.
Pearson en Spearman korrelasie-berekeninge het aangedui dat gesinsgehardheid-tellings (asook die
tellings op die subskale vir toewyding, uitdaging en beheer) beduidend positief korreleer met
gesinsaanpassing (gemeet met die Gesinsgehegtheid en Veranderlikheid Indeks 8). Beduidende
verhoudings is ook gevind tussen sekere biografiese veranderlikes en gesinsgehardheid. Verder is
intensiewe onderhoude gevoer met die verteenwoordigers van 12 gesinne. Die ontleding van
onderhoud-transkripsies het gelei tot die formulering van verskeie tematiese kategorieë, naamlik
verdriet-reaksies, die voortdurende verbintenis, eksterne ondersteuning en godsdiens, asook die
kern-kategorie van gesinsgehardheid. `n Gegronde teorie is sodoende ontwikkel, wat betrekking het
op verdriet en veerkragtigheid in gesinne waarin `n kind oorlede is. Die resultate van die studie wys
op die belang van kwalitatiewe metodes om die uniekheid van bedroefde ouers en gesinne se
ervarings te verken met die doel om gepaste intervensies op gesinsvlak te ontwikkel. Die konsep
van gesinsgehardheid is ook verhelder en aangedui as `n moontlike weerstandsbron, wat
bevorderlik is vir gesinne se aanpassing ná die verlies van `n kind.
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