Este trabalho de Dissertação de Mestrado objetivou investigar as entrevistas iniciais realizadas com as famílias que buscavam atendimento para um dos filhos, no período de julho de 1997 a junho de 2001, na Clínica Psicológica Dr Durval Marcondes, do Departamento de Psicologia Clínica do IPUSP e em consultório particular. Fundamenta-se na leitura da obra de D. W. Winnicott, que traz importantes contribuições para a psicanálise contemporânea. Realiza uma crítica aos modelos de triagens existentes nas Clínicas-Escola e em outras instituições, destacando o caráter de exclusão dessa prática. Discute, também, aspectos da dinâmica e função da família do ponto de vista de D.W. Winnicott. A metodologia que embasou o trabalho utiliza-se do método psicanalítico para fundamentar a pesquisa de práticas clínicas diferenciadas e inovadoras. Recorre, ainda, às idéias de Walter Benjamim sobre o valor da narrativa como forma de partilhar experiências inter-humanas. Há o relato de cinco casos que ilustram a prática de consultas psicoterapêuticas com famílias. Na discussão dos casos não se pretende esgotar as compreensões destes, mas apontar possíveis sentidos. Discute-se, também, o modelo de intervenções usadas nesse trabalho, que se baseiam na idéia de o analista ser capaz de sustentar sua prática clínica (dar holding). Destaca-se, enfim, o valor deste trabalho para os pacientes e para as instituições públicas. / This master\'s dissertation aims at investigating the initial interviews carried out with the families that, between July, 1997, and June, 2001, sought help for one of their children at the Dr. Durval Marcondes Psychological Clinic, of the Department of Clinical Psychology at the University of São Paulo\'s Institute of Psychology, and at a private office. The dissertation is based on the writings of D. W. Winnicott, who has contributed much to contemporary psychoanalysis. A criticism is presented in regard to the screening models currently used in school-clinics and other institutions, especially the character of exclusion of this practice. Aspects of the dynamics and function of the family are also discussed from Winnicott\'s point of view, with the psychoanalytic method being used as the basis for studying innovative alternative clinical practices. Reference is also made to Walter Benjamin\'s ideas regarding the importance of narration as a way of sharing inter-human experiences. Five clinical cases are described to demonstrate the practice of therapeutic consultation work with families, although the discussion of these cases merely brings up possible meanings, and makes no pretense at providing any type of full understanding. Also discussed is the model of intervention used in this work, which is based on the idea of the analyst as someone able to give holding in his or her clinical practice. Finally, the value of this work for patients and for public institutions is also highlighted.

Esta tese resultou de uma pesquisa que objetivou compreender a vivência dos dilemas pessoais de executivos bancários relativos à carreira em contexto de trabalho imaterial e suas repercussões nas relações familiares. Para tanto, em termos teóricos e com o objetivo de sustentar a tese, trabalhou-se com os conceitos de dilema, de subjetividade e estilos de vida apoiados especialmente em Bauman (2009; 2008; 2007a; 2007b; 2004), Pelbart (2000), Guatarri e Rolnik (2005) e Gaulejac (2007); de carreira, especialmente nos modelos que de carreira sem fronteira e proteana (SULLIVAN e ARTHUR, 2006; HALL, 1996), de trabalho imaterial amparado em autores tais como Lazzarato e Negri (2001), Lazzarato (2008; 2004), Negri (2009; 2008; 2003), Pelbart (2000; 2003) e Grisci (2008). Foram entrevistados dezesseis executivos bancários de Porto Alegre e da região metropolitana, bem como quinze representantes de suas relações familiares. As entrevistas estruturadas foram realizadas com os executivos bancários em seus ambientes de trabalho e com os familiares ocorreram em suas residências ou em estabelecimentos comerciais por eles indicados. A análise dos dados foi realizada de maneira qualitativa e seguiu as orientações propostas por Minayo (2001). Os resultados indicaram dilemas relativos à mobilidade espacial e funcional, e à privação da convivência. A existência dos dilemas não se mostrou inédita, porém, na contemporaneidade, eles tomam a vida profissional e pessoal dos sujeitos independentemente de limites espaço-temporais, afetando o modo de viver do executivo bancário e de sua família. Esta configuração está relacionada a um “modelo” de carreira profissional meteórica, de responsabilidade única do próprio trabalhador, em um contexto em que prevalece o trabalho imaterial (LAZZARATO e NEGRI, 2001). / This thesis stems from an exploratory research which aimed to discern the personal dilemmas related to the banking executives’ career are currently shaped and understand how these dilemmas are twisted with their family relationships. In order to do so, to theoretically support this thesis, the following concepts were taken up: dilemma, subjectivity and life style, particularly as regarded in Bauman (2009; 2008; 2007a; 2007b; 2004), Pelbart (2000), Guatarri and Rolnik (2005) and Gaulejac (2007); career, especially in the light of the models of borderless and protean career (SULLIVAN and ARTHUR, 2006; HALL, 1996); immaterial work, as approached by authors like Lazzarato and Negri (2001), Lazzarato (2008; 2004), Negri (2009; 2008; 2003), Pelbart (2000; 2003) and Grisci (2008). The interviews were conducted with sixteen banking executives from Porto Alegre and the metropolitan area, and also with fifteen representatives from their family relations. The structured interviews were conducted with the banking executives within their work environments, while the interviews with family members occurred in their homes or in stores suggested by them. Data were analyzed in a qualitative way and followed the guidelines proposed by Minayo (2001). Results suggest the existence of dilemmas related to spatial and functional mobility and social life dispossession. The existence of these dilemmas is not a novelty. However, nowadays they take over the individual’s professional and personal lives regardless of time and space limits. This, in turn, affects the executive and his family’s way of life. Such configuration is connected to a “model” of meteoric professional career, which is the responsibility of the worker alone, in a context where immaterial work prevails (LAZZARATO and NEGRI, 2001).

Submitted by Fabíola Silva (fabiola.silva@famerp.br) on 2017-02-22T18:16:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 maxlopeswada_dissert.pdf: 1338083 bytes, checksum: e35b7716d751782dc75cd2c338956340 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-22T18:16:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 maxlopeswada_dissert.pdf: 1338083 bytes, checksum: e35b7716d751782dc75cd2c338956340 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-21 / Introduction: Quality of life (QL) is a current term used by the post-modern humanity, which is related to the culture of health and life style. In this regarding, this study analyzed aspects of QL in a school environment. Thus, the current revelations of the World Health Organization on the health concept reflect the well-being of the individual as a parameter to be healthy. In the same direction, the recent concepts of QL also decline to dimensions involving emotional, cultural, psychological and spiritual components. It highlights within these components the school environment and the family of the students that integrate all reality of society, since the evaluation of QL has meaningful social relevance. Purpose: To evaluate the QL of students participating in an alternative educational system, at the elementary school level in the city of São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. This differentiated educational system is based on the pedagogy of projects and the active participation of parents in school activities. Methods: This research used an exploratory descriptive method of quantitative approach. One used both an AUQEI assessment survey (Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant image) to evaluate the QL of students and the school’s sociodemographic records of students in order to analyze the familiar profile. One analyzed 82 students enrolled at the elementary school level. In order to compare the scores of the QL survey, one adopted the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test, with p ≤ 0.05 significance level. Results: The families of students were categorized in family-parents (married father and mother) and non-family parents (monoparentais) one responsible. Data releveled that 57.32% were family-parents, while 42.68% were non-family parents. Most families live from two to three kilometers far from the school and their income average is around three minimum wage. The main reason families choose for the school was the alternative pedagogical methodology adopted (90.9%), while 42.4% of choose the family education proposed by the school. However, the mean of the QL score of students with parental family was higher (escore 52,00) compared to non-family parents students (escore 50.48). However, the overall average of students’ QL score was higher (escore 52.4) in contrast with the cut-off score of 48. Conclusions: it is evident that the family factor is the great difference in the life of a child and a teenager. This fact is based on the high QL score of students with family-parents. However, the fact that the school is based on the pedagogy of projects must be highlighted as a means of bringing family-children-school together, mainly in terms of the rapprochement between children and parents who, in one way or another, have a disaggregated family life. This promotes well-being and transcendence. / Introdução: a Qualidade de Vida (QV), pelo menos seu termo, tem sido utilizada exaustivamente pelo homem pós moderno, que tem intensa atividade com a cultura da busca pela saúde e longevidade. É dentro deste aspecto de Qualidade de Vida que foi analisado um ambiente escolar. Diante disso, é preciso salientar antes da citação do referido ambiente, que a ciência na qual envolve a Qualidade de Vida vai além da saúde enquanto ausência de doença física. As revelações atuais da Organização Mundial da Saúde sobre o conceito de saúde refletem ao bem-estar do indivíduo como parâmetro de um ser saudável. Na mesma direção os conceitos recentes de Qualidade de Vida, também, declinam para dimensões que envolvem componentes emocionais, culturais, psicológicos e até espirituais dos indivíduos. Destaca-se dentro destes componentes o ambiente escolar e a família dos estudantes, que agregam toda realidade da sociedade, uma vez que a avaliação da Qualidade de Vida neste lugar é de extrema relevância social. Objetivo: é avaliar a Qualidade de Vida dos alunos que participam de um sistema pedagógico diferenciado, numa escola de ensino fundamental I e II na cidade de São José do Rio Preto-SP. Este sistema pedagógico diferenciado se revela pela pedagogia de projetos e pela participação ativa dos pais dos escolares. Método: foi adotada para esta pesquisa o método descritivo exploratório de abordagem quantitativa. Utilizou-se o questionário de avaliação AUQEI (Autoquestionnaire Qualité de Vie Enfant Imagé) para avaliar a QV dos alunos e ficha sóciodemográfica da escola pesquisada, a fim de analisar o perfil familiar dos escolares. Foram analisados 82 alunos matriculados no ensino fundamental I e II da escola em questão. Na elaboração de comparações dos escores de QV adotou-se o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney, com nível de significância de P≤ 0,05. Resultados: quando se qualificou as famílias dos alunos em famílias parentais (dois adultos cuidadores: pai e mãe) e monoparentais (um responsável) chegou ao resultado que 57,32% das famílias são parentais, enquanto 42,68% são monoparentais. Destas famílias a grande maioria residem entre dois a três quilômetros e vivem com até três salários mínimos. Para tanto, o principal motivador para as famílias optarem pela escola foi a metodologia diferenciada (90,9%), enquanto 42,4% dos familiares desejaram a formação familiar proposta pela instituição. No entanto, a média de escore de QV dos alunos com família parental foi maior (escore 52,00) em comparação aos alunos de famílias monoparentais (escore 50,48). Entretanto, a média geral de QV dos alunos foi maior (escore 52,4) que o padrão geral com nota de corte de 48. Conclusão: fica evidenciado que o fator família é o grande diferencial na vida de uma criança e adolescente. Fato este que se sustenta na elevada QV em alunos de famílias constituídas por dois genitores – pai e mãe. Porém, a escola deste estudo adotou a pedagogia de projetos como meio de aproximar família-filhos-escola. Sobretudo, na aproximação de filhos com pais que, de uma forma ou de outra, desagregaram-se do convívio familiar. Isto promove bem-estar e transcendência.

Nas configurações familiares ao longo da história os lugares do pai, da mãe e da criança estiveram e ainda estão em constantes transformações. Durante muito tempo, o pai esteve distante dos aspectos referentes aos cuidados com os filhos e aos afazeres domésticos. A inserção do pai nesse contexto é um fenômeno atual e vem redefinindo novas formas de ser família. Em vista do surgimento de novos arranjos e funcionamentos familiares, nos quais o pai tem se permitido ser também um cuidador, foi possível pôr a relação pai-bebê em evidência. A partir de correlações entre a teoria do amadurecimento pessoal desenvolvida por Winnicott e a construção de um novo modelo de paternidade, pensou-se nas novidades trazidas por um pai mais participativo no que diz respeito às interações afetivas estabelecidas com o bebê. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar as formas de interação do pai como cuidador na provisão ambiental do bebê no período da dependência absoluta. Para tal finalidade, alguns pais foram acompanhados na maternidade do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo e em seus ambientes familiares. Através do método clínico-qualitativo, este estudo baseou seus achados nos dados construídos a partir dos seguintes instrumentos: transcrições das entrevistas pré e pós-nascimento (realizadas no último mês de gestação e no 3º mês de vida do bebê, respectivamente) e anotações em diários de campo provenientes das observações dos pais em momentos pré-natais no hospital e pós-natais em suas casas. A partir do que foi encontrado, a relação entre os pais participantes e seus respectivos bebês foi analisada no intuito de compreender: os referencias familiares anteriores provenientes das figuras parentais desses pais; a atualização e/ou transformação desses referenciais no exercício parental atual; a construção parental dos novos pais, bem como os processos de vinculação afetiva com o bebê ainda na barriga; os significados atribuídos a experiência de ser pai antes e depois do nascimento; as formas de interação entre o pai e o bebê na rotina de cuidados; a capacidade de reconhecimento das necessidades do bebê por parte dos pais; a constituição de novas funções paternas no período da dependência absoluta e a caracterização de um holding no qual os cuidados paternos estivessem incluídos. Desta forma, pôde-se discutir a construção de uma paternidade afetivamente inscrita na subjetividade do bebê desde os primeiros momentos de vida. Esta inscrição seria possibilitada pela disponibilidade dos pais em se adaptar à rotina de cuidados do bebê e estabelecer especificidades de holding ao longo das interações singulares e dos cuidados adaptados. Partindo das elaborações construídas ao final desse estudo, atentou-se para a importância de desenvolver: estudos voltados para a inserção do pai, como cuidador, em momentos iniciais do desenvolvimento infantil; para o estudo das implicações dos cuidados paternos na flexibilização de papeis e funções masculinas e femininas nas configurações familiares; assim como, para as implicações dessa flexibilização no posicionamento das instituições, voltadas para a atenção humanizada ao pré-natal e ao puerpério, perante a demanda de inclusão do pai no ciclo gravídico-puerperal / In family settings along history, the functions assigned to the father, the mother and the child were, and still are, in constant transformation. For a long time, the father was absent when it concerned to child care and housework. His inclusion in this context is a current phenomenon and has been redefining new ways of being a family. The emergence of new family arrangements, in which the father has also be allowed to take part as a caregiver, made possible to put in evidence the father-baby relationship. Correlations between the theory of personal maturit, developed by Winnicott , and the construction of a new model of fatherhood, allowed us to think about the novelties brought by a father who participates more in affective interactions with the baby . This research aimed to investigate the forms of interaction between the father as caregiver and environmental provider and the baby in the period of absolute dependence. For this purpose, some parents were followed at the Maternity Hospital of the University of São Paulo and in their family environment. Through clinical-qualitative method this study based its findings on data constructed from the following instruments: transcriptions of pre-birth interviews and post-birth interviews (held on the last month of pregnancy and 3 month old baby, respectively) and observations recorded on field notes about parents in prenatal moments at the hospital and after the baby birth, at their homes. From what has been found, the relationship between the fathers and their respective babies was analyzed in order to understand: previous references of the fathers familiar parental figures; upgrade and/or processing of these references in the current parental exercise; the parental construction of the new fathers as well as the processes of affective bonding with the baby still in the belly; the meanings attributed to the experience of being a father before and after birth; forms of interaction between fathers and babies in daily care; the fathers ability to recognize the needs of their babies; the establishment of new fathers\' functions during the period of absolute dependence and the characterization of a holding company in which father care was included . Thus, we discussed the construction of an affectively fatherhood inclusion on the baby subjectivity since the first moments of life. This entry would be made possible by the fathers availability to adapt to the baby care routine and establish holding specificities along the natural and appropriate care interactions. The results of this study showed the importance to develop studies: facing the insertion of the father in daily baby care, as a caregiver in early stages of child development; the implications of parental care in flexible roles, men and women functions in family settings; as well as the implications of flexibility in the positioning of institutions dedicated to prenatal and postpartum care in front of the demand for inclusion of fathers in pregnancy and childbirth

Coparenting emerges across the transition to parenthood and refers to the way individuals coordinate, support each other in their parental roles and share responsibility in childrearing. Despite the increase in research on coparenting, relatively few studies have focused on non- North American or non-European families, which has hindered practice and policy targeting diverse countries. Likewise, qualitative research on coparenting is relatively rare, yet critical to shed light on details and complexities not well captured by other methods, including insights into sociocultural factors linked to coparenting in distinct contexts. Moreover, a qualitative longitudinal approach is particularly well suited to examine important life course transitions and turning points, such as the transition to parenthood. To address these gaps, we investigated coparenting across the transition to parenthood in South-Brazilian families, using a qualitative, longitudinal, multiple case study. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 12 first-time mother and fathers (six nuclear families altogether), at 6, 12, and 18 months postpartum (36 interviews altogether). In two families only the father was employed, with the mother caring for the child; in two families both parents were employed, and they hired a nanny to care for the child in their home; and, in two families both parents were employed, and the child started attending daycare at the end of maternity leave. Through the two articles that comprise the current doctoral dissertation, we explored three components of Feinberg’s (2003) coparenting framework: division of labor (how parents divide childcare tasks and household chores, as well as their satisfaction with this division); agreement/disagreement (e.g., regarding children’s emotional needs and discipline); and, support/undermining (appreciation and cooperation, or criticism and competition). The first article is focused on the division of labor, whereas the second is focused on agreement/disagreement and support/undermining. Deductive thematic analysis revealed similarities and singularities between families. As presented in the first article, we found weaker sharing of household chores over time, against greater sharing of childcare tasks during the first few days postpartum, followed by a downward tendency in the fathers’ contributions during the first few months postpartum. This more unequal division of labor remained stable over time only for families who had chosen maternal care, changing after the end of maternity leave for families who had chosen nanny care and daycare. Parental satisfaction regarding the division of labor remained relatively high over time only for families who had chosen nanny care, which suggests that counting on a domestic worker since the beginning of the transition to parenthood contributed to preventing parental feelings of overload or unfairness across the transition to parenthood. Findings were discussed in the 10 light of the role that instrumental and social support, as well as the prevailing Brazilian gender norms, may play in the division of labor for new parents. With respect to the second article, our findings showed that agreement among parents remained relatively stable during the first year, whereas disagreements concerning discipline demanded more parental negotiation as infants advanced toward toddlerhood. Support and undermining coexisted in the same families, although mothers and fathers expressed undermining differently. Aspects of the ecological context, such as family of origin, instrumental and social support, as well as labor market, also appeared to influence coparenting agreement/disagreement and support/ undermining. Following each article, we presented strengths, limitations, suggestions for future research, as well as implications for practice (e.g., counseling) and policy (e.g., childcare arrangements and parental leave).

Apesar de pais e mães de crianças com câncer estarem em um processo interativo nos cuidados ao filho, pouca atenção tem sido dada às maneiras como a doença da criança afeta a relação conjugal desses casais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi compreender as repercussões do câncer infantil na relação conjugal de pais e mães de crianças com câncer, na experiência da doença de seus filhos. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa. Participaram do estudo nove casais, totalizando 18 sujeitos. Utilizamos a entrevista em profundidade como principal técnica de coleta de dados, e a consulta em prontuários como recurso auxiliar para obter dados importantes da criança e de seus pais. A análise dos dados empíricos foi feita por meio da análise de conteúdo indutiva. Os resultados foram agrupados por similaridades nas seguintes categorias: a trajetória do casal na experiência do câncer infantil: as primeiras mudanças; o câncer infantil, o relacionamento conjugal dos pais e o papel da comunicação: fragilidades e potencialidades; alterações na dinâmica familiar e implicações para o casal: trabalho, lazer, papéis e relações de gênero; e enfrentando o desafio juntos: balanço da experiência e expectativas do casal. O presente estudo não objetivou distinguir se as mudanças ocorridas na relação conjugal desses pais e mães foram positivas ou negativas, mas, sim, mostrar que alguns aspectos contribuem para o estremecimento da relação desses homens e mulheres. Entretanto, alguns casais vivenciam aspectos que promovem o fortalecimento da relação com o cônjuge no contexto de doença da criança. O estudo evidenciou a importância da comunicação como um dos pilares do relacionamento conjugal desses casais, a necessidade da oferta adequada de apoio social, principalmente vindo do próprio cônjuge e a relevância das questões de gênero nos aspectos relacionados à sexualidade e intimidade do casal e no intercâmbio de papéis que se faz necessário durante a trajetória da doença. Os resultados deste estudo contribuem para que os profissionais de saúde, dentre eles o enfermeiro, tenham o casal como importante foco de seu cuidado, voltando-se para suas necessidades e ajudando-os a reconhecer as fortalezas no relacionamento com o cônjuge durante as adversidades, oportunizando e incentivando o diálogo e a parceria para lidar com os desafios impostos pela doença da criança. / Although fathers and mothers of children with cancer are going through an interactive process in care for their child, little attention has been given to how the childs disease affects these couples marital relationship. This research aimed to understand the repercussions of childhood cancer on the marital relationship between fathers and mothers of children with cancer, in the experience of their childrens disease. We carried out an exploratory study with a qualitative approach. Participants were nine couples, totaling 18 subjects. In-depth interviews were used as the main data collection technique, and patient files were consulted as an auxiliary resource to obtain important data about the children and their parents. Inductive content analysis was applied for empirical data analysis. The results were grouped according to similarity in the following categories: the couples trajectory in the experience of childhood cancer: the first changes; childhood cancer, the parents marital relationship and the role of communication: fragilities and potentials; changes in family dynamics and implications for the couple: work, leisure, roles and gender relations; and facing the challenge together: balancing the experience and the couples expectations. This research did not intend to distinguish whether the changes occurred in these fathers and mothers marital relationship were positive or negative, but to show that some aspects contribute to shake up these men and womens relationship. On the other hand, some couples experience aspects that promote the strengthening of the spousal relationship in the context of the childs disease. This study evidenced the importance of communication as one of the pillars of these couples marital relationship, the need for adequate social support supply, mainly from the spouse and the relevance of gender issues in aspects related to the couples sexuality and intimacy and in the role exchange needed along the disease trajectory. The results of this study contribute for health professionals, including nurses, to adopt the couple as an important focus in care delivery, looking at their needs and helping them to acknowledge the strengths in their spousal relationship during adversities, permitting and stimulating dialogue and partnership to deal with the challenges imposed by the childs disease.

Apesar da crescente participação das mulheres no mercado de trabalho nos últimos cinquenta anos, a baixa representatividade feminina em cargos de alto nível hierárquico persiste. Tendo em vista o papel das relações de gênero na reprodução de desigualdades no mercado de trabalho, a presente pesquisa investiga os desafios de conciliação trabalho-família de mulheres que ocupam posições de alta responsabilidade em organizações privadas sediadas em São Paulo. Com base na compreensão do Construcionismo Social do cotidiano como espaço privilegiado de análise da relação entre indivíduo e sociedade, foram realizadas entrevistas narrativas nas quais as entrevistadas falaram livremente sobre os desafios que enfrentaram ao longo da carreira por serem mulheres, mães e casadas. As entrevistas foram discutidas a partir dos seguintes aspectos das experiências compartilhadas pelas entrevistadas: a percepção de que as mulheres ainda precisam se afirmar no mundo do trabalho; a diferença de tratamento dispensada a elas nas relações de trabalho; os aspectos que parecem impactar o desenvolvimento de carreira das mulheres, mas não dos homens; o esforço diário para uma gestão eficaz do tempo; e os efeitos da insuficiência de práticas e equipamentos coletivos de conciliação trabalho-família. O equilíbrio entre trabalho e responsabilidades familiares é considerado pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho ponto chave para o estabelecimento de maior igualdade entre homens e mulheres, tanto no que diz respeito à realização profissional quanto ao direito de exercer as atividades de cuidado. Observa-se, no entanto, que as organizações se constituem como instituições atravessadas pelas relações de gênero, assim como de raça e classe, e reproduzem desigualdades à medida que operam as normas e processos internos, contribuindo para a manutenção da segregação das mulheres no mercado de trabalho. A escassez de políticas de conciliação oferecidas pelo Estado e pelas empresas perpetuam a noção de que os indivíduos devem se responsabilizar pelo equilíbrio entre as atividades produtivas e reprodutivas, favorecendo, portanto, a manutenção dos estereótipos de gênero / Despite the increasing participation of women in the labor market in the last fifty years, the low female representation in positions of high hierarchical level persists. Considering the role of gender relations in the reproduction of inequalities in the labor market, the present research investigates the challenges of work-family conciliation of women occupying positions of high responsibility in private organizations based in São Paulo. Based on the understanding of Social Constructionism of everyday life as a privileged space for analyzing the relationship between individual and society, narrative interviews were conducted in which the interviewees spoke freely about the challenges they faced during their career as women, mothers and married women. The interviews were discussed based on the following aspects of the experiences shared by the interviewees: the perception that women still need to affirm themselves in the working world; the difference of treatment given to them in the labor relations; the aspects that seem to impact the career development of women, but not of men; the daily effort for effective management of time; and the effects of the inadequacy of policies and collective practices for work-family conciliation. The balance between work and family responsibilities is considered by the International Labor Organization as a key point in establishing greater equality between men and women, both with regard to professional fulfillment and the right to exercise care activities. It is observed, however, that organizations are constituted as institutions crossed by gender relations, as well as by race and class, and reproduce inequalities as internal norms and processes are operated, contributing to the maintenance of the segregation of women in the labor market. The small presence of conciliation policies offered by the state and by private companies perpetuates the notion that individuals should be responsible for the balance of productive and reproductive activities, thus favoring the maintenance of gender stereotypes

O percurso do levantamento do substrato afetivo que compõe as relações familiares e o exercício das funções materna, paterna e filial, necessariamente complementares, visa realizar um paralelo com as necessidades dos integrantes da família e seu reconhecimento no campo do Direito de Família. A convivência é uma das formas de relacionamento familiar que merece abordagem interdisciplinar, com o aporte da Psicanálise, tendo em vista a necessidade de imprimir uma compreensão mais ampla relativa à guarda de filhos nas famílias transformadas. Pode-se, assim, dar-lhes moldura legal e tratamento nos processos judiciais, a partir das necessidades de todos os integrantes da família, levando em conta os aspectos que lhe são essenciais. O conceito de Poder Familiar sofreu modificações ao longo da história, em paralelo com a forma de exercício das funções materna, paterna e filial. Embora a tendência seja substituir a expressão Poder Familiar por Autoridade Parental, se vê como importante conservar aquela. As funções se pautam pela complementaridade, portanto, necessário se faz o reconhecimento de um novo balanceamento nas relações de poder que existem no seio das famílias. O afeto tem sido reconhecido como base do relacionamento familiar; desse modo, cabe trazer o conceito de vínculo, a partir da Psicanálise, para aprofundar a compreensão da dinâmica das relações familiares. As leis relativas à Guarda Compartilhada e à alienação parental trouxeram avanços importantes no sentido da proteção aos filhos e do necessário balanceamento do exercício das funções na família. A importância dada à convivência requer uma análise de seu significado, uma vez que esta pode ser contínua ou descontínua, dependendo do exercício das funções e da necessidade dos filhos. O direito à convivência, elevado por juristas ao Princípio do Direito de Família, seria melhor denominado Princípio do Direito ao Relacionamento Familiar, sendo a convivência, as visitas e o contato formas de se atingir aquele fim. / The journey towards the gathering of he affective substrate that builds up family relations and the exercise of maternal, paternal and filial functions, necessarily complementary, aims at drawing a parallel with the needs of the family members, as well as their recognition in Family Law. Conviviality needs an interdisciplinary approach with the contribution of Psychoanalysis in view of the need to bring about a broader understanding on guardianship disputes in the so called transformed families. Therefore, they could be given a somewhat different legal frame of reference with an adequate treatment on litigations rested on the needs of all the family members and taking into account aspects that are essential to their nature. The concept of Family Power suffered changes through history in parallel with how the maternal, paternal and filial functions are carried out. Although there is a tendency to replace the expression Family Power for Parental Authority, the former bears a meaning that it is advisable to preserve. The functions are complementary and it is necessary to recognize a new balance in the existing relationships of power within the families. The affection has been assumed as the basis of family relations, and its necessary to bring about the concept of bonds, from the Psychoanalysis, in order increase the understanding of the dynamics of such relationships. The new laws applicable to Joint Custody and Parental Alienation brought up important progresses as regards to the protection of offspring and the necessary balance in the exercise of the family functions and roles. The importance of conviviality requires an analysis of its meaning once it may be continuous or discontinuous, depending upon the exercise of family functions and needs of offspring. The right to conviviality promoted by jurists to a Family Law Principle would be best named as Principle of the Right to Family Relations, where conviviality, visits and contact become means to achieve that end.

This study explored the relations among young adults' perceptions of differential parental treatment, temperamental style, attitudes toward their childhood and current sibling relationships, and psychological adjustment. Participants included 87 college students and their siblings between the ages of 18 and 25 years. Students completed measures in small groups, and siblings completed the surveys via mail. The data were analyzed using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM; Kashy & Kenny, 1999). Results revealed that participants' perceptions of their sibling relationship during childhood were related to their current attitudes toward the relationship. In addition, siblings were in agreement regarding their overall attitudes toward the sibling relationship as well as in their perceptions of their interactions with their parents. Siblings' reports higher levels of differential maternal and paternal control were related significantly to perceptions of less positive sibling interactions. Females and individuals with a sister reported higher levels of positivity in the sibling relationship than did males and individuals reporting on a brother. Level of psychological adjustment was found to be better for individuals who experienced more paternal control according to their sibling. Temperamental characteristics were found to be related to attitudes toward the sibling relationship and reports of parenting behaviors. Results are discussed within the context of family-based research regarding parent-child and sibling relationships.

This study explores the phenomenon of the relationships between practitioners and families who have a child with a chronic illness. Using a heremeneutic phenomenological method informed by the writings of Martin Heidegger [1889-1976] and Hans-Georg Gadamer [1900-2002], this study provides an understanding of the meaning of 'being in relationship' from the perspective of both families and practitioners.Study participants include ten family groups who have a child with a chronic illness and twelve practitioners from the disciplines of nursing, medicine, dietetics, physiotherapy and speech therapy who work with children with chronic illness. Narrative audiotaped interviewing was the means by which the participants told their stories about times that relationships worked well and when they did not. These stories uncover the every day realities of 'being in relationship' and provide another understanding of the relationship between family and practitioner.The findings of this thesis suggest that chronic childhood illness 'throws' families and practitioners together into a web of relationships that must work for the sake of the child. The relationship is primarily conducted between adults. Children are usually excluded. In order to understand and manage the child's illness, practitioners and families 'go around' and act 'in-between' relationships. While the quality of the relationship from the family perspective is not essential to the chronic illness journey, relationships are more successful when practitioners recognise the uniqueness of each family web. The nature of the relationship is often simple, yet it co-exists with complexity. This thesis proposes that a 'companion relationship' between practitioners and family may offer a more effective and satisfying way of working. It also challenges practitioners to consider the voice of children within health care relationships.