The dissertation introduces the art performance by Miroslav Hornicek. It reflects the collage creation which Miroslav Hornicek devoted more than twenty years. The author introduced the gift of improvisation and humor into his collage. Many of them look like graphic, some of them remind the theater scene. He often repeats the same motive such as eye, sisters, theatrical costumes, sculptures, senses and body organs. It is interesting that despite his work he did not consider himself like the artist. He created many collage, he found inspiration in the creation of Max Ernst, Toyen, Jindrich Styrsky and Jiri Kolar. In relating with Jiri Kolar it is possible to search a certain similarity. From the poet became the artist, collage maker. Miroslav Hornicek was primarily the actor who has also found a way of life in creating collages. Miroslav Hornicek wrote to some of his collages names and interpretations. This material is very important for trying to understand his theater scenes and a tangle of something "incomprehensible", because of collages effect on the viewer. Finally, the dissertation aims to look at his art creation as a whole, highlight the exhibition activity and introduce Miroslav Hornicek not only as the actor, writer, dramatist, director and also the artist with an incredible imagination...

Pelvic floor disorder is an emerging research area and is highlighted in many pelvic floor studies. Assessment methods for this type of injury are lacking and new methods for prevention and diagnosis are needed. Pelvic floor disorders are common among women and can lead to suffering for the patient. Levator ani muscle injuries are the main cause for pelvic floor disorders. This muscle group is an anisotropic skeletal muscle that helps support the pelvic viscera. Assessment of this muscle is difficult due to its complex geometry and location. Therefore, two muscle phantoms were constructed to mimic different properties of the levator ani muscle. The muscle phantoms provided more availability and a more controlled setting. The muscle phantoms were examined using ultrasound-based shear wave elastography which is an elastography method that can help determine the elasticity of tissue. A PVA-graphite phantom and a water-based gelatine-graphite phantom, both with fishing lines network as fibers for anisotropy, were constructed in this project. Shear wave elastography results of the PVA phantom indicated no anisotropy but visually resembled a muscle. Although not achieving anisotropy, the shear modulus of the PVA did match the shear modulus of skeletal muscle tissue. Shear wave elastography results of the gelatine phantom indicated anisotropy but visually did not resemble a muscle due to the low shear modulus of the gelatine. A 3D model of the female bony pelvis, that was provided for this project, was measured, and compared with reference value of previous study for future construction and 3D printing of the model. Results of measurements showed similarities between the 3D model and the female pelvis except for the sagittal outlet which had a deviant value. For future work, the muscle phantom can be developed by applying the complex geometry of the levator ani muscle, assembly of the muscle phantom, and the 3D rendering of the pelvis. The combination of these two parts provides a more complete phantom where shear wave elastography can be applied in the same way as in female patients. / Bäckenbottenbesvär är ett framväxande forskningsområde och lyfts fram i många bäckenbottenstudier. Bedömningsmetoder för denna typ av skador saknas och det behövs nya metoder för förebyggande och diagnostik. Bäckenbottenbesvär är vanliga bland kvinnor och kan leda till lidande för patienten. Levator ani muskelskador är den främsta orsaken till bäckenbottensjukdomar. Denna muskelgrupp är en anisotrop skelettmuskel som hjälper till att stödja inälvorna i bäckenet. Bedömning av denna muskel är svår på grund av dess komplexa geometri och läge. Därför konstruerades två muskelfantomer för att efterlikna olika egenskaper hos levator ani-muskeln. Muskelfantomerna gav mer tillgänglighet och en mer kontrollerad inställning. Muskelfantomerna undersöktes med hjälp av ultraljudsbaserad skjuvvågselastografi som är en metod som kan hjälpa till att bestämma vävnadens elasticitet. En PVA-grafitfantom och en vattenbaserad gelatin-grafitfantom, båda med fiskelinsnätverk som fibrer för anisotropi, konstruerades i detta projekt. Resultat från skjuvvågselastografi på PVA-fantomen indikerade ingen anisotropi, men liknade visuellt en muskel. Även då anisotropi inte uppnåddes, så matchade skjuvmodulen för PVA skjuvmodulen för skelettmuskelvävnad. Resultat från skjuvvågselastografi på gelatinfantomen indikerade anisotropi dock visade resultatet ingen visuell liknelse av en skelettmuskel på grund av gelatinets låga skjuvmodul. En 3D modell av bäckenbenet, som förseddes det här projektet, mättes och jämfördes med referensvärde av tidigare studie för framtid 3D friformsframställning av modellen. Resultat av mätningar visade på liknelser mellan 3D modellen och det kvinnliga bäckenbenet förutom sagittal outlet som hade ett avvikande värde. Inför fortsättning av det här projektet kan en utveckling av muskel fantomen ske genom applicering av den komplexa geometrin hos levator ani muskeln samt sammansättning av muskel fantomen och 3D framställningen av bäckenbenet. Sammansättningen av dessa två delar ger en mer komplett fantom där skjuvvågselastografi kan appliceras på samma sätt som hos kvinnliga patienter. / Ja

X-Ray Computed Tomography is irreplaceable medical imaging system. Quantitative evaluation is day to day routine used for clean run of this imaging system. The master’s thesis is focused on quantitative evaluation of first and third generation X-Ray CT. First of all is about subjective and objective evaluation of space and energetic resolution. Space resolution is evaluated in space and frequency domain. Energetic resolution is represent by low contrast resolution method. Application “Kvantitativní hodnocení kvality CT RTG zobrazení” created for this thesis is used for creation of reconstruction image and quantitative evaluation. This application was created with consideration of its usage in subjects about image processing. The master’s thesis contains results of quantitative evaluation X-Ray CT created with this application and proposal of lab work.

In our work we have studied the ultrasonic imaging systems and their use in ophthalmology, especially with the device Nidek 4000. We described ophthalmological examination methods. In addition, we are using the simulation program Field II. It simulated eye phantom and created his B-scan and biometry, where we compared the effects of different central frequency ultrasonic probes and different speeds of sound in the resulting values. We also created phantoms using agarose gel and materials of different properties. On phantoms, we studied the effect of the velocity of ultrasound in measurement results, effect of the concentration of the agarose gel to the velocity of sound. And we created phantoms simulating the human eye. Measurement protocol was created for use in teaching.

The thesis deals with physical principles of ultrasound with following specialization on ophtalmic ultrasound system Nidek Echoscan 4000 and its properties. And also it deals with description of investigative techniques in ophthalmology (A-mode, B-mode, biometry and pachymetry). Next, they was suggested procedures of measurement and that is spatial resolution (axial and lateral spatial resolution) and propagation speed of ultrasound depending on the temperature. Then these properties was tested on laboratory phantoms of eye – ETETECH LTD. and Multipurpose Ultrasound Phantom but on created phantoms of eye too, which will be made from agarose gel with build-in materail (fishing line, plastic film, plastic bag and rubber). At the end, measured values was processed in the generated program.

This master thesis deals with the measurement properties of ultrasound probes. Ultrasound probes and their parameters significantly affect the quality of the final image. Values of pa-rameters of the probes may change due to their use, because probes may be damaged and the final image may no longer be correct. For these reasons the measurements of parameters of probes are very important. In this master thesis there are described and implemented the possibility of measuring the spatial resolution, focal zone, the sensitivity of the probe and measuring the length of the dead zone. Two ultrasonic phantoms were used for measuring. In the practical part there was created the program called Mereni_parametru, which allows to determine the value of four parameters from captured images of the phantom. Further, there are listed and described measured values for five ultrasonic probes. Results for two of these probes are then compared with the parameters given by the manufacturers.

Medical imaging based on radioactive tracers exposes the patient to radiation. For this reason, a phantom is preferably used for non-clinical studies such as routine quality assurance and research. The aim of this project was to design, build and test a multi-compartment phantom to be used in dynamic SPECT/CT, PET/CT and PET/MRI studies. By treating each compartment as a biological system and plotting activity distribution, desired characteristics of the phantom can be obtained. A software program was created to simulate compartment activity distribution for different input parameters. Such parameters include number of compartments, administered activity, flow rates between compartments and compartment volume. Based on the simulation, the phantom was designed to meet the desired characteristics. Due to the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, no phantom could be built nor tested. Consequently, leading the project to create a foundation that facilitates future building of the phantom. / Medicinsk avbildning med radioaktiva spårämnen utsätter patienter för en stråldos. Av detta skäl används företrädesvis en fantom för icke-kliniska studier såsom rutinmässig kvalitetssäkring och forskning. Syftet med detta projekt var att designa, bygga och testa ett flerkammarfantom som ska användas i dynamiska SPECT/CT, PET/CT och PET/MRI studier. Genom att behandla varje kammare som ett biologiskt system och plotta aktivitetsfördelning kan önskade egenskaper hos fantomen erhållas. Ett program skapades för att simulera aktivitetsdistributionen i flerkammarfantomer för olika in parametrar så som antal kammare, administrerad aktivitet, flöden mellan kammare och kammarvolym. Baserat på simuleringen utformades fantomen för att uppfylla de önskade egenskaperna. På grund av utbrottet av SARS-CoV-2 viruset kunde ingen fantom byggas eller testas. Följaktligen leddes projektet till att skapa en grund som underlättar framtida byggande av fantomen.

This thesis describes the theory for static and dynamic magnetic-resonance imaging using contrast agents affecting T1 relaxation time. The available acquisition methods in the specified facility of Masaryk Oncological Institute in Brno are described. The sequences for subsequent experimental measurements are selected. The used phantoms are described. Acquisition protocol for measuring is described briefly and the evaluation method for the measured data is suggested. The best acquisition sequence and a method of measurements is chosen influenced by estimation of relaxation time T1, sensitivity and signal to noise ratio. Perfusion analysis is executed and perfusion parameters are calculated. The work was supported by the European Regional Development Fund and the State Budget of the Czech Republic (RECAMO, CZ.1.05/2.1.00/03.0101).

In my master’s thesis I describe basics of magnetic resonance measurement. I focus on methods of DCE-MRI with T1 weighting image. I mention some basic contrast agents which are used in MRI imaging. I describe some of pulse sequences which are used in experimental part of my thesis. There I measure contrast in the sample. The measurement is performed in accordance with an acquisition protocol I have proposed. The experiment part was realized on 1.5 T magnet at Masaryk Oncological Institute in Brno. I improved software which is use to research of MR IR TurboFLASH’s data and made software which is use to evaluation perfuse analysis ours measured sequences. At the end I made a discussion about gained facts.