En el Perú existen empresas nacionales dedicadas a la industria textil, que aún no han decidido ampliar sus fronteras. Hoy en día tenemos un mercado saturado de marcas de prendas de vestir tanto nacionales como extranjeras. Esta investigación es transeccional, exploratoria y descriptiva. El propósito de esta investigación es conocer las modalidades de ingreso utilizadas por marcas fast fashion en su proceso de internacionalización, a fin de que las empresas nacionales puedan evaluar las estrategias utilizadas por las empresas fast fashion del estudio, y así utilizarlas en un futuro proceso de internacionalización. Además, se identificarán los factores de compra de prendas de vestir que influyen en mujeres que viven en Lima, que tienen entre 18-28 años y pertenecen a NSE B/C, cuando tienen que optar por una marca nacional vs una marca internacional. A partir de la investigación, se puede evidenciar que el modelo más utilizado por las fast fashion en su proceso de investigación es el de internacionalización incremental, el cual se acomoda más a la teoría de Uppsala, bajo las modalidades de franquicias y filiales propias. También, se puede afirmar que los factores de compras más influyentes en las mujeres limeñas en su proceso de compra de prendas de vestir son el factor moda, el factor diseño y el factor ambiente. / In Peru there are national companies dedicated to the textile industry, which have not decided to expand their borders yet. Nowadays we have a saturated clothing market with national and foreign brands. This research is transectional, exploratory and descriptive. The purpose of this investigation is made to know the modalities of entry used by fast fashion brands in their internationalization process, so national companies can evaluate the strategies used by the fast fashion companies of the research and use them in a future process of internationalization. In addition, identify the purchase factors that influence women living in Lima, who are between 18 and 28 years old and belong to NSE B/C, when they have to decide between a national brand against an international brand. From the research, the most used model by fast fashion companies in the research process is the incremental internationalization, which fits more to the Uppsala's theory, under the modalities of franchises and own subsidiaries. Besides, the most influential purchasing factors in women who lives in Lima in their process of buying clothing are the fashion factor, the design factor and the environment factor. / Tesis

Innovations in production and retail methods have propelled the fashion industry's explosive growth, with complex global supply chains that pose serious environmental and social issues. Despite increased awareness and multiple attempts toward sustainability, the industry is still trapped in an unsustainable paradigm. Therefore, this dissertation aims to examine the barriers of transition toward a sustainable fashion model. Given the highly globalized nature of the fashion supply chain, and manufacturing spread across different nations, it is essential to examine the barriers to sustainability from the perspective of actors within the supply chain. Examining these issues through the perspectives of manufacturers and other key stakeholders offers valuable insight into the intricate dynamics at work and helps in locating regional barriers that could prevent a smooth transition. Hence, this study focuses on conducting interviews with manufacturers and industry experts in Indian fashion supply chain to get the perspective of a manufacturing country. The findings reveal a disconnect between sustainability standards and their local implementation, often exacerbated by the lack of brand accountability and disregard for local realities. The research highlights how certifications, largely shaped by Western ideals, fail to account for the socio-economic and infrastructural constraints of manufacturing regions like India. This study argues for a pivot away from a one-size-fits-all approach to sustainability, advocating for strategies tailored to local contexts that better align with the needs and challenges faced by actors in developing economies. / Doctor of Philosophy / Innovation in production and sales methods has propelled the fashion industry's notable expansion in recent decades. But along with major social repercussions like low salaries, excessive working hours, and workplace exploitation, this expansion has serious environmental impacts like carbon emissions, water pollution, and wastewater management problems. Considering the growing number of strategies to promote sustainability, the industry is still confronting significant challenges in attaining true sustainability. Thus, this study aims to investigate the challenges of implementing sustainable practices, particularly from the viewpoints of Indian manufacturers and experts. India is a key hub in the garment manufacturing, which is why it was selected as the study location. The analysis reveals a significant discrepancy between the sustainability standards and their actual implementation. A key finding is that organizations based in the West mostly set guidelines for sustainable production, frequently ignoring the particular social, economic, political, and infrastructure difficulties that developing countries like India confront. The study argues that it is imperative that sustainability certifications and standards in this industry be reevaluated. This study advocates for tailored sustainability strategies that consider regional circumstances and difficulties rather than enforcing identical sustainability standards globally. Customizing sustainability initiatives to fit local contexts can lead to more effective and equitable solutions that are both practical and attainable.

The changing dynamics of the fashion retailing industry has progressed and become a global multibillion industry, (Solomon & Rabolt, 2007). It has put a lot of pressure on the fast fashion retailers were key strategies in order to maintain a strong position in market, must be established, (Doyle, Moore & Morgan, 2006). As the increasing number of new fashion retailing companies have emerged and established, the fashion segment has become a market leader, (Mehrjoo & Pasek, 2014). Fashion consumers expect and thrive on continuous change were new fashion products always have to be available in store on an everyday basis, (Bruce & Daly, 2006). Most companies aim to ensure the speed to market as a competitive strategy by offering rapidly fashion trends. Fast fashion companies need to deliver their product offer to the customers before their competitors do and the choice of supply chain strategy gets critical, (Porter 1996). Gadde and Håkansson (2009), argue that a company's purchase process is the answer of this matter. The importance of the purchase process has therefore become of great focus. The issue of defining what it is that actually makes the difference when working with the purchase process is complex, with several aspects to take in consideration. The aim of this report is to present the most significant activities within the purchase process that makes a company competitive in the market. As buyers carry the main responsibility over their department groups it became essential to answer the research questions from their perspective. The buyers’ sees a general problematic in how to influence the purchase chain in a larger scale. However, they claim that the most essential factors, that makes a difference for a company to be successful within the fast fashion industry was concluded to be: short-term and long-term solutions within the daily work primary within the team. The buyers’ solutions are presented in the form of clear goals within the process work, and tools for how to reach the set goals. There must be a clarity through the organization which generates an 80/20 mindset were all actors are focusing on what it is that makes the difference. Communication is a key tool one should work with further on, both at an internal and an external level and as it creates the right conditions for the workflow in a more efficient way. This is for everyone to share a clearer understanding of and be able to work effectively towards the rapid changes that are performed over the season. Lastly, the buyers appear to have an ambiguous picture of how the fashion industry will progress. They are proud of how far Sweden has come with its identity in the fashion industry and the prominent clothing brands. But on the other hand, they are concerned for the how much further the fashion industry can be pushed, taking the environmental and sustainable viewpoint in consideration.

The aim of this master thesis is to define fast fashion and fast fashion retailing, and describe specifics of their business activities with deep focus on the Czech market. The theoretical part reviews literature dealing with international strategy and management and fashion and fast fashion retailing. The empirical part then focuses on real-life business cases. In order to illustrate the behaviour of fast fashion retailers on the Czech market, a case study method is employed. The attention is narrowed on three chosen fast fashion retailers MANGO, Zara and H&M. The separate case studies on MANGO, Zara and H&M focus on retailers' presence in the Czech market. The retailers' position on the market and strategies are then compared with the aim to identify the most successful fast fashion retailer and verify whether the hypothesis that the first mover to the market gains the competitive advantage is true for the chosen fast fashion retailers in the Czech market. Further, the work tries to find possible factors of the retailers' success in the Czech market.

I samma takt som produktionen av kläder tilltar, ökar även medvetenheten kring dess miljöpåverkan. Många företag arbetar efter avtal, märkningar och uppförandekoder för att på så vis reducera påverkan, dock kan det vara svårt för konsumenterna att veta vad de faktiskt står för och betyder. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka hur kunden ser på fast fashion-företagets miljöarbete, hur företaget själva ser på det, samt om kundens uppfattning går att förändra. Undersökningen är avgränsad till att undersöka företaget Gina Tricot som ett exempel på företeelsen fast fashion- företag. För att kunna analysera informationen används kommunikationsmodellen, där sändaren skickar ett meddelande genom bruset till mottagaren, för att senare få tillbaka feedback från mottagagaren. Den emiriska delen av arbetet består av en intervju, en enkätundersökning samt två dolda observationer. Intervjun genomfördes via mejl med Gina Tricots Hållbarhetschef Marcus Bergman. Enkätundersökningen består av ett flertal frågor kring Gina Tricots miljöarbete samt en informationstext om det här. Den dolda observationen genomfördes i två geografiskt olika butiker, där vi undersökte hur företagets miljöarbete kommuniceras i butiken. Av den insamlade informationen kan man se att kundens och företagets uppfattning om hur de arbetar med miljö skiljer sig åt. Skillnaderna kan bero på olika saker, men främst på brist i företagets kommunikation med sina kunder. / Program: Butikschef, textil och mode

Todays’ consumer society has forced companies to work towards a sustainable society. Consumers consider a company’s work with Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as necessary and expect companies to work ethically. However, fast fashion consumers’ also demand a low price and rapid changes in trends. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to understand fast fashion consumers’ attitude towards, and the importance of, companies working with CSR. By conducting a questionnaire on Cubus’ customers in Uppsala, information has been gained in order to investigate this phenomenon. The results show that the majority of the respondents have a positive attitude towards CSR, but were not a deciding factor when shopping at Cubus. From this study, we can draw the conclusions that even though the majority of the respondents had a positive attitude towards CSR, other factors were of greater importance. This validates the phenomenon about fast fashion customers’ demand for a low price and fast changing trends.

Fast fashion retailers bring apparel products to market much more quickly than in traditional apparel retailing. Fast fashion retailers are able to respond quickly to both fashion trends and consumer demand. Yet the emphasis on speed has quickened the consumption of fast fashion apparel products, which are produced with low quality and thus have short product lifespans. Critics of fast fashion cite these negatives, combined with chemicals, water and energy used in production, among other issues, as detrimental to the environment. However, some fast fashion retailers have implemented sustainable options into their product offerings. This study analyzes consumers’ perceptions of a sustainable brand extension introduced by a fast fashion retailer. The research is divided into two studies. First, an exploratory study was conducted to assess consumer knowledge of sustainability and fast fashion and to uncover potential factors for the model of the second study. Findings show a low level of knowledge of the holistic principle of sustainability and specific adverse effects of the apparel industry and of the concept of fast fashion. Despite some skepticism, participants feel steps must be taken towards sustainability and that every effort helps. The second part of the research tested consumer perceptions of a potential sustainable line extension introduced by a specific fast fashion retailer. Following brand extension theory, study two tests the influence of brand knowledge and affect on both the perceptions of brand-cause fit and brand-extension fit and the influence of cause knowledge and involvement on the perceptions of fit between brand and cause. The influence of brand-extension fit and brand-cause fit on attitude toward the extension was also analyzed. An online self-administrated survey using the written scenario approach resulted in 598 responses. Findings show the influence of brand knowledge and affect on brand-extension fit and brand-cause fit and cause knowledge and involvement on cause-brand fit. Implications for retailers include leveraging consumers’ past knowledge and affect of the brand through marketing of the sustainable product. Overall the study shows that consumers do view sustainable products as fitting with fast fashion retailers, based on their previous knowledge and affect of the brand and cause. / text

Syfte & forskningsfråga: Syftet med denna uppsats är att skapa en djupare förståelse för utvecklingen av dagens modemarknad och fenomenet “fast fashion” genom att analysera och undersöka trenders uppkomst, hur trender anammas av konsumenter samt konsumenters inverkan på modebranschen. Uppsatsens forskningsfråga formulerades med uppsatsens syfte i åtanke och frågan blev följande: Vad är karaktäristiskt för dagens modemarknad och vilken betydelse har konceptet “fast fashion” för marknadens utveckling? Metod: Vår uppsats är baserad på en kvalitativ forskningsmetod då vi önskade att få en djupare förståelse kring det valda forskningsämnet. Vidare kom uppsatsen att få en abduktiv karaktär då vi haft ett växelspel mellan vald teori och empiri. För att vidare få en bredare syn på forskningsområdet valde vi att variera oss i vårt urval av respondenter och intervjuade därför 7 respondenter med olika positioner inom modebranschen. Slutsatser: I uppsatsens analys har vi kunnat se ett mönster där vår valda teori i stor utsträckning stämmer överens med vår empiriska insamling. I vår studie framkom det även att trender är både komplexa och svåra att specificera samt att de både kan pågå under en kortare samt längre tid. Vidare visade det sig att konsumenter idag har en stor påverkan på modebranschen, där de mångt och mycket kan ses som trendsättare. Fast fashion är ett koncept som har bidragit till snabba trendväxlingar på marknaden och via vår studie framkom det att konsumenters syn på fast fashion har förändrats, och att de numera önskar ett lugnare tempo.

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Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att söka djupare förståelse för Gen-Z konsumenters lojalitet i form av hur deras attityder och beteende skiljer sig mot Fast Fashion handel och hur sambandet mellan dem kan se ut. Vidare syftar denna studie att identifiera konsekvenserna av de olika uppfattningarna i form Word of Mouth. Forskningsfrågor: <ul type="disc">Hur ser konsumenternas bild ut av ett varumärke inom Fast Fashion och vad beror detta på? Hur ser skillnaden ut mellan konsumenters attityd och beteende gentemot ett Fast Fashion varumärke? Hur ser konsumenters lojalitet ut i helhet till ett Fast Fashion varumärke baserat på attitydmässiga samt beteendemässiga faktorer? Metod: Studien är av kvalitativ ansats och datan har samlats in med hjälp av fokusgrupper samt djupintervjuer i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Teoretisk referensram: De teorier som används i denna studie är Varumärkesbild, Varumärkesattityd, Varumärkeslojalitet, Lojalitetsmodell samt Lojalitetsindelning av Dick och Basu (1994), Lojalitetspyramiden av Aaker (1991) och slutligen Word of Mouth. Slutsatser: Slutsatserna är att respondenterna har en negativ varumärkesbild av H&amp;M som varumärke. Det identifierades även en motsägelse mellan respondenters attityder och beteenden då de skilde sig åt markant. Respondenternas lojalitet till varumärket visade sig vara väldigt svag. De negativa attityderna visade sig även ha stor påverkan på Word of Mouth som sprids konsumenter emellan. / Aim: The aim of this study is to search for a deeper understanding of Gen-Z’s consumer loyalty in the form of their attitudes and behaviour towards Fast Fashion and how the relationship between these factors can look like. Furthermore this study aims to identify the consequences of the the different perceptions in the form of Word of Mouth. Research questions: <ul type="disc">What does consumers brand image look like when it comes to a Fast Fashion brand and what does it depend on? What are the differences between consumers attitudes and behaviour towards a Fast Fashion brand? What does consumers loyalty look like in its whole to a Fast Fashion brand based off attitudinal and behavioural factors? Method: This study is based on a qualitative approach and the data has been collected through semi-structured interviews. Both focus groups and individual interviews have been conducted. Theoretical framework: The theories that have been applied are Brand Image, Brand Attitude, Brand Loyalty, Loyalty Model and Loyalty Classification by Dick &amp; Basu (1994), Loyaltypyramid (Aaker 1991) and finally Word of Mouth. Conclusions: The conclusions are that the respondents has got a negative image of H&amp;M as a brand. A contradiction was also identified between the respondents attitudes and behaviour considering they were very different. The loyalty towards the brand was not very strong. The negative attitudes of the respondents had an significant influence on the brands Word of Mouth.