The aim of this study is to analyze factors that affecting consumers to drink coffee, based on two case studies in University of Gävle in Sweden and Zhuhai College of Jilin University in China.The study was conducted with mixed research methods. A questionnaire survey was designed as a pre-study to get a general idea and the interviews were designed based on the result of survey in order to gain more detailed information and explanations from the respondents. All the data are shown by tables or diagrams or histograms. University students in two different culture participated in survey and interviews, a comparison perspective for cross culture was mentioned in this study. As for Result & Conclusions, both external factors (culture, price and people around) as well as internal factors (personality, psychological influence, learning and knowledge) impact the consumer‟s behaviors that are shown in different consumption characteristics. Take all in account, these factors could have an effect on university students to drink (or not drink) coffee in Jilin University and University of Gävle. And Contribution & implication, the comparison of coffee drink between Chinese culture and Swedish culture is the most attractive contributions, supplementing the related study. Price issue was considered as the important factor that affecting the consumer to choose coffee, thus suggesting the managers to focus on the coffee price. In addition, the effective way to explore coffee market in China or Sweden is to know better of the consumers. Suggestions for future research, other consumer groups are missing given the study only focus on the university students. Also tested with more sample sizes of survey andIIinterviews are recommended in the future research so as to make it even valid and reliable.

Magistro darbe atlikta pirkimų proceso ir jį sudarančių etapų mokslinės literatūros šaltinių analizė, įvertinta pirkimų proceso reikšmė sėkmingam įmonės valdymui. Susisteminti užsienio ir lietuvių autorių pateikti pirkimų klasifikavimo, tiekėjų vertinimo metodai. Išnagrinėta atsargų planavimo įtaka pirkimo procesui bei atskirų pirkimo proceso etapų tarpusavio sąveika. Praktinėje šio darbo dalyje atlikta AB „Mažeikių nafta“ pirkimų proceso analizė, nustatytos pirkimų proceso stipriosios ir silpnosios pusės, pirkimo procesą įtakojantys veiksniai. Išskirtos pagrindinės pirkimo proceso problemos bei pasiūlytos tobulinimo kryptys. Iš dalies patvirtinama autorės suformuluota mokslinio tyrimo hipotezė, kad pirkimo proceso s��kmę labiausiai įtakojantis veiksnys AB „Mažeikių nafta“– tai tikslus ir savalaikis pirkimų poreikio identifikavimas, kuris yra neatsiejama pirkimų planavimo dalis. / This Master Paper includes analysis of scientific literature sources associated with procurement process and its stages, evaluation of purchase process’ impact on successful management of a company. The Paper also includes systematization of procurement classification and suppliers’ assessment methods offered by foreign and Lithuanian authors as well as analysis of inventories planning impact on procurement process and interaction of individual stages of procurement process. The practical part of this Paper includes analysis of AB Mazeikiu Nafta procurement process, establishes strengths and weaknesses of the procurement process, and factors having an impact on the procurement process. This Paper partially confirms the scientific research hypothesis formulated by the author stating that successful procurement process in AB Mazeikiu Nafta is predetermined by exact and timely identification of procurement demand which identification shall be an integral part of procurement planning.

The changing dynamics of the fashion retailing industry has progressed and become a global multibillion industry, (Solomon & Rabolt, 2007). It has put a lot of pressure on the fast fashion retailers were key strategies in order to maintain a strong position in market, must be established, (Doyle, Moore & Morgan, 2006). As the increasing number of new fashion retailing companies have emerged and established, the fashion segment has become a market leader, (Mehrjoo & Pasek, 2014). Fashion consumers expect and thrive on continuous change were new fashion products always have to be available in store on an everyday basis, (Bruce & Daly, 2006). Most companies aim to ensure the speed to market as a competitive strategy by offering rapidly fashion trends. Fast fashion companies need to deliver their product offer to the customers before their competitors do and the choice of supply chain strategy gets critical, (Porter 1996). Gadde and Håkansson (2009), argue that a company's purchase process is the answer of this matter. The importance of the purchase process has therefore become of great focus. The issue of defining what it is that actually makes the difference when working with the purchase process is complex, with several aspects to take in consideration. The aim of this report is to present the most significant activities within the purchase process that makes a company competitive in the market. As buyers carry the main responsibility over their department groups it became essential to answer the research questions from their perspective. The buyers’ sees a general problematic in how to influence the purchase chain in a larger scale. However, they claim that the most essential factors, that makes a difference for a company to be successful within the fast fashion industry was concluded to be: short-term and long-term solutions within the daily work primary within the team. The buyers’ solutions are presented in the form of clear goals within the process work, and tools for how to reach the set goals. There must be a clarity through the organization which generates an 80/20 mindset were all actors are focusing on what it is that makes the difference. Communication is a key tool one should work with further on, both at an internal and an external level and as it creates the right conditions for the workflow in a more efficient way. This is for everyone to share a clearer understanding of and be able to work effectively towards the rapid changes that are performed over the season. Lastly, the buyers appear to have an ambiguous picture of how the fashion industry will progress. They are proud of how far Sweden has come with its identity in the fashion industry and the prominent clothing brands. But on the other hand, they are concerned for the how much further the fashion industry can be pushed, taking the environmental and sustainable viewpoint in consideration.

<p>Background: Companies and organizations of today spend large amounts of money on IT-based business solutions. Such business solutions normally include business- consulting and software-creation (IT-related services). Due to the rapid development of the technology within this field of business the IT-customers find it difficult to select among potential suppliers on objective grounds. </p><p>Purpose: To increase the understanding for the professionl approach of the people involved in the sales- and purchase process of IT-related services in a business-to-business context. The study is taking the buyers'as well as the sellers'perspective into account when analyzing the process. Method: The empirical findings were collected from eight companies in Linköping and Stockholm. The method used was a qualitative interview survey. </p><p>Delimitation: The study treats business-to-business relationships. The study focuses on IT-services aimed at business development. The study do not include the influence of purely technical apects of IT-related services. </p><p>Conclusions: It appears to exist a"knowledge gap"between the IT-suppliers and the IT-customers concerning how to make use of the opportunities stemming from the newest IT-applications. The customers find it difficult to select among potential IT-suppliers on objective grounds. Trust in the supplier becomes very important. Trust can be achieved by means of personal contacts, the ability to speak the same language, reference projects and general knowledge about the customer's field of business.</p>

Background: Companies and organizations of today spend large amounts of money on IT-based business solutions. Such business solutions normally include business- consulting and software-creation (IT-related services). Due to the rapid development of the technology within this field of business the IT-customers find it difficult to select among potential suppliers on objective grounds. Purpose: To increase the understanding for the professionl approach of the people involved in the sales- and purchase process of IT-related services in a business-to-business context. The study is taking the buyers'as well as the sellers'perspective into account when analyzing the process. Method: The empirical findings were collected from eight companies in Linköping and Stockholm. The method used was a qualitative interview survey. Delimitation: The study treats business-to-business relationships. The study focuses on IT-services aimed at business development. The study do not include the influence of purely technical apects of IT-related services. Conclusions: It appears to exist a"knowledge gap"between the IT-suppliers and the IT-customers concerning how to make use of the opportunities stemming from the newest IT-applications. The customers find it difficult to select among potential IT-suppliers on objective grounds. Trust in the supplier becomes very important. Trust can be achieved by means of personal contacts, the ability to speak the same language, reference projects and general knowledge about the customer's field of business.

Bakgrund och problemdiskussion: Den offentliga upphandlingen kan med väl genomtänkta krav på varor och tjänster bli en stark drivkraft och en föregångare för hållbar utveckling. Trots en svag och oklar lagstiftning inom området finns det idag stora möjligheter att ställa krav både på socialt ansvarstagande och miljöhänsyn i samband med offentliga upphandlingar. Syfte: Syftet är att undersöka hur Värnamo kommun gör för att inkludera hållbarhet med inriktning på miljö i sina avtal med utvalda livsmedelsleverantörer. Vidare undersöks hur Värnamo kommun säkerställer att upphandlade varor och tjänster lever upp till avtalad kvalitet samt hur det faktiska tillvägagångssättet stämmer överens med den teori som finns. Metod: Uppsatsen är av kvalitativ art och har utförts genom en fallstudie. Utgångspunkten är ett positivistiskt synsätt och uppsatsen använder sig av ett deduktivt angreppssätt. Slutsats: I Värnamo kommun finns det en tillsatt kompetensgrupp som arbetar enbart med upphandling av livsmedel, denna grupp har kunskap och kännedom om hur marknaden och upphandlingsprocessen ser ut. Vid upphandling läggs i princip allt fokus kring avtalet, både när det gäller vilka krav som ställs och vad som ska följas upp. Trots att det inte är enkelt för offentliga verksamheter att göra inköp och kvalitetssäkringar enligt teorin finns det delar av teorin som redan idag uppfylls och det finns också en bas för vidare utveckling. Kvalitetssäkring sker i störst utsträckning innan avtalet signeras, vilket ur en tidsaspekt är en liten del av processen. Enligt teorin skall kvalitetssäkring ske kontinuerligt flera gånger per år. Det blir tydligt att teorin lämpar sig bättre för privat sektor eftersom det inom den offentliga sektorn finns mindre incitament för att hjälpas åt att utvecklas då nästa upphandling kan innebära att samarbetet ha nått vägs ände. / Background: Public procurement can with well thought through demands on goods and services become a strong driving force for sustainable development. Even with a weak and uncertain legislation within the field there are grand opportunities to demand both social responsibility and environmental accountability in public procurement. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine how Värnamo municipality do to include sustainability with focus on the environment in their agreements with chosen grocery suppliers. Further it is investigated how Värnamo municipality make sure their procured goods and services are to terms with agreed standard, and if the actual approach is in line with theory on the subject. Method: The essay is of qualitative nature and has been performed in the way of a case study. The standpoint of the essay is a positivistic point of view and is performed with a deductive approach. Conclusion: In Värnamo municipality there is an appointed group with special competence that is working solely with the procurement of groceries, this group have knowledge about how the market and the procurement process works. In the time of procurement nearly all the focus is in the documented agreements, both regarding demands put and what is to be followed up. Even though it is not simple for a government controlled business to make procurements and quality assurances according to theory there are parts of theory that today are fulfilled and there is a foundation for further development. Quality assurance is by the most part done before the agreement is signed, which compared to the entire process is a small portion. According to theory quality assurance should happen multiple times yearly. It is apparent that theory is better suited for the private sector since in the public sector there are fewer incentives to help the other party improve where the next procurement can mean the cooperation has come to an end.

No description available.

El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar si el Engagement del Livestreaming tiene relación y puede llegar a influenciar el proceso de decisión de compra de videojuegos de la categoría FPS en PC en hombres y mujeres de 20 a 30 años de edad en la zona 7 de Lima Esta investigación describe y correlaciona elementos modernos digitales como el Livestreaming y bases del Marketing como lo es el proceso de decisión de compra, buscando una relación entre ambas variables, para llegar al resultado se saber si la primera puede influir en la segunda. Para esto se realizará una investigación a profundidad de los temas que conforman ambas variables. Además de un estudio cualitativo de campo para comparar la teoría con la realidad. Por otro lado, el análisis cuantitativo nos ayudo a ver como se esta aplicando estos conceptos en la ciudad donde se realizo el estudio. En lo que concierne a lo cualitativo, se empleara la entrevista a profundidad con consumidores de videojuegos FPS y que también sean espectadores constantes del Livestreaming, y también se buscara a la opinión de expertos en el tema. Por otro lado, en lo cuantitavo se realizaron encuestas para conocer más sobre los consumidores y como reaccionan frente al Livestreaming. / The objective of this thesys is to investigate if the engagement of the livestreaming is related to the influence the decision – making process of videogames for men and women in Lima. This research describes and correlates modern digital elements such as Livestreaming and the marketing process of decision of purchase a product, and trying to bet a correlation between this to variables and to know if the first con influence the second one. For this we realize a qualitative research with deep interviews to the customers and interviews with expert in the subject. In the other hand the quantitative research was based on polls with questions related to the subject and to know if the two main subjects of the team are related. / Trabajo de investigación

Returer är ett ämne som fått stor uppmärksamhet i dagens modeindustri på grund av ökad medvetenhet om hållbarhet och för att returer utgör en risk för företags lönsamhet. I takt med att e-handeln växt har antalet returer ökat och det blir därför viktigt för företag att rikta resurser mot att förebygga returer. Ett problem företag stöter på är den ökade kostnaden när det kommer till returer då det är svårt att förutse hur stor volym som kommer att returneras. När det kommer till tidigare studier angående returer har dessa fokuserat på returpolicys, returhantering samt hur konsumenters returbeteende ser ut. Däremot finns det inte tillräckligt med forskning om hur företag kan styra konsumenter i returprocessen och hur kommunikationen om returhanteringsprocessen ser ut. Syftet är därför att undersöka hur modeföretag styr konsumenten i returprocessen för att få fler insikter om hur företag kan påverka sina konsumenter att göra färre returer. Det teoretiska perspektivet som undersökningen utgår ifrån är institutionell teori, där begreppen legitimitet, isomorfism och frikoppling har använts som analysverktyg. Studien har en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där materialinsamlingen bestod av semistrukturerade intervjuer och observationer på fyra e-handelsföretag inom modehandeln och sportvarubranschen. Resultatet identifierade tre områden; förebyggande åtgärder, två olika returprocesser samt att returprocessen ger information till köpprocessen som underlättar för konsumenten att ta olika beslut. Vi har i resultatet även analyserat detta i ett fjärde område, vilket är utifrån institutionell teori. De olika förebyggande åtgärder som företag ägnar sig åt är storleksguider, tydlig kommunikation om produkterna, kundrecensioner och returkostnader. De två olika returprocesserna som identifierats är en pappersbaserad returprocess och en digital returprocess, där resultatet visar att företag går mot en mer digitaliserad process. Vi kan även se att returprocessen är ett verktyg många företag använder för att samla in information om sina konsumenter genom olika aktiviteter för att utveckla och underlätta köpprocessen. I diskussionen förklarar vi hur vår forskning är unik i relation till tidigare forskning inom returprocessen. Detta diskuteras utifrån tre olika områden som baseras på resultatet av studien. De tre områdena är; pappersbaserade returprocesser blir digitala, returprocessen underlättar köpprocessen och att förenklade returprocesser leder till fler returer. Slutsatsen med studien är att returprocessen och köpprocessen hänger ihop och kan beskrivas som ett cirkulärt flöde. Detta kan bidra till att företag kan få ökad förståelse av hur viktig returprocessen är för att samla information och lära känna sina konsumenter, vilket ökar lönsamheten för företagen. / Ecommerce returns is a subject that has gained a lot of attention in the modern fashion industry due to the increasing awareness of sustainability and to the fact that returns are a tangible risk to a company's profitability. As the ecommerce is growing, the return margins increase accordingly, and therefore it is important for companies to direct their resources in order to prevent additional returns. A common problem companies encounter is the increased costs when it comes to returns, since it is hard to predict the volume of the returns. When it comes to former studies regarding returns, the focus has been on companies' return policies, the managing of returns and the general behavior of customers when making returns. However, there is not enough research material regarding how companies can guide their customers into making fewer returns, and what the communication about the return process looks like. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine how companies guide their customers throughout the return process to get a better insight into how companies can influence their customers into making fewer returns. The theoretical perspective in this study is based on institutional theory, where the concepts of legitimacy, isomorphism and decoupling were used as analytical tools. The study uses a qualitative research method where the data collection consisted of semi structured interviews and observations from four different ecommerce companies within the fashion industry and sports retail industry. The result of the study identifies three areas of importance; preventive actions, two different types of return processes and finally that the return process gives the companies information about the consumer that is useful to develop the buying process which will, in turn, help the customers decision making. The result also includes an analysis on the three themes with the perspective of institutional theory. Preventive measures that companies use are size guides, communication about the products, customer reviews and return fees. The two different types of return processes that are identified are a paper based return process and a completely digital return process, where the result shows that most companies strive for a digital return process. We can also determine that the return process is a valuable tool for companies regarding collecting data about their customers through different activities for developing and facilitating the buying process. The discussion explains how this study is unique compared to former studies regarding the return process. This is discussed based on three areas regarding the result of the study; paper based returns are becoming digital, that the return process aids the purchase process and that simplified return processes lead to more returns. Our conclusion is that the return process and the purchase process are interrelated and can be described as a circular process. This may contribute to companies' increased knowledge regarding how important the return process is for gathering information about their customers, and getting to know them better, which in all may increase profitability for the companies.

Esta investigación se centra en evidenciar el uso de los elementos de comunicación como humor, efectos multimedia y acciones persuasivas en los videos de experiencias turísticas y cómo estas influyen en la decisión de compra del turismo rural comunitario del turista de Lima Metropolitana. Respecto a este tema, la hipótesis planteada es que el uso de estos elementos expuestos en los medios digitales son lo suficientemente influyentes en la decisión de compra de turismo rural sostenible. La investigación describe cada etapa del proceso de proceso de compra de este servicio y el nivel de influencia que tienen cada elemento utilizado mediante el relato de experiencias. La investigación es de tipo descriptivo y menciona las herramientas de marketing digital como Facebook, Instagram, Youtube. Además de influencers, youtubers que son parte de esta comunicación y proceso de compra / This research focuses on evidencing the use of testimonial experiences and videos as E-wom actions and how they influence each stage of the process of buying rural community tourism for tourists from Metropolitan Lima. Regarding this issue, the hypothesis raised is that the testimonies of travelers exposed in digital media are sufficiently influential in the process of buying sustainable rural tourism. The research describes each stage of the process of purchasing this service and the level of influence that each digital action has used through the experience report. The research is descriptive and mentions the tools of digital marketing such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube. In addition to influencers, youtubers that are part of this communication and purchase process. / Trabajo de investigación