Les aubes de turbines haute pression des turboréacteurs sont soumises à des chargements thermomécaniques sévères en service. Elles sont actuellement fabriquées par solidification dirigée sous forme de monocristaux orientés suivant la direction <001> le long de la direction principale de l'aube. La solidification peut entrainer dans certains cas l'apparition de défauts, notamment la formation de deux grains : l'aube est alors constituée de deux grains d'orientations différentes. L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier l'influence de la présence d'un joint de grains sur la durée de vie de l'aube en superalliage AM1. Dans un premier temps, nous avons réalisé une étude expérimentale sur aubes réelles afin de déterminer l'influence du joint de grains sur la rupture par fatigue en flexion à différentes températures. Pour cela, des entailles ont été usinées dans les aubes pour solliciter de façon préférentielle le joint de grains au sein de l'aube dans des essais de type flexion. Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence le rôle du joint de grains sur la durée de vie de l'aube selon la température d'essai, l'orientation cristallographique relative des grains, la position du joint de grains et le type de sollicitation. Parallèlement, une étude exprimentale sur éprouvettes bi-cristallines de type fatigue oligocyclique a été conduite en traction compression, avec une contrainte principale de traction suivant la normale au plan moyen du joint. Ces essais ont permis de quantifier la réduction de durée de vie induite par la présence du joint de grains par rapport à une éprouvette monocristalline. Un critère de rupture a été ainsi introduit dans la loi d'endommagement développée par l'Onera pour le superalliage monocristallin d'AM1. Ce critère de durée de vie a été appliqué dans les simulations numériques des aubes remaillées et permet de faire une première estimation de la nocivité du joint de grains dans les aubes. / The high pressure turbine blade of aeroengine are submitted to severe thermomechanical loading in service. The turbine blade are curently manufactured by directionnal solidification with oriented single crystal on the direction <001>, along the principal direction of the blade.The solidification process can induce different defects in the structure.This study is focused on a particular defect: the formation of two crystals in a blade. Defective turbine blades are composed of two grains with different orientation.The aim of this present thesis is to study the influence of the grain boundary on AM1 superalloy blade fatigue life. First, experimental investigations have been performed to understand at different temperatures, the influence of grain boundaries on fatigue fracture due to bending loadings. Notches have been introduced on turbine blades in order to accentuate solicitations on grain boundary. These experiments have evidenced the major role of grain boundary and grains orientations on turbine blade fatigue life.Then another experimental investigation has been carried out under low cycle fatigue on bicrystal specimens with tension/compression loading; the tensile principal stress is along the normal direction of the grain boundary mean plane. These tests allowed quantification of the fatigue life decrease due to the presence of grain boundary compared to the fatigue life of single crystal specimens.A failure criterion have been introduced in the damage constitutive behavior of single crystal AM1 developped by the Onera. This lifetime prediction model have been implemented in FE simulations. It allows the evaluation of the sensivity of grain boundary on turbine blade.

First part of the master thesis is about displacement pump. Second part is about power plunger pumps. In the third part are equations for power plunger pumps. In the last part the strength calculation of the proposed hydraulic part of the plunger pump was performed using the finite element method in ANSYS. The screw fatigue life is also calculated here. At the end of this section, ANSYS Fluent flow calculation is performed in the suction valve area.

The master’s thesis deals with the fatigue life prediction under multiaxial cyclic loading. First, the fatigue process is discussed and the methods for fatigue life prediction under uniaxial and multiaxial loading are described. In the practical part, the accuracy of selected criteria is assessed based on experimental data obtained on cylindrical samples made of 1.2210 steel that were tested under synchronous symmetric axial-torsion loading. Application of criteria requires to determine the fatigue strength under pure axial and torsional loading.

The current thesis work is based on fatigue testing of welded structures which is completed in collaboration with Volvo CE. Improvement of the technology and customers demands for higher quality products with lower price makes the VCE to invest on the product development projects. One of the projects in VCE focuses on the weight and production cost optimization of the bogie beam on the hauler. The present project is a completion of the previous project with the objective of the fatigue testing of the bogie beam of the hauler under oscillating loads for verification of the expected fatigue life assessed with FEM. In the process of this work, an existing test rig is modified. The strains over the beam are measured through strain gauges mounted on the beam. The simulated model, the stresses and strains are investigated. The fatigue life is evaluated with different fatigue assessment methods. Finally, the outcomes of all the methods for fatigue investigation of the beam are compared and verified. / Detta examensarbete, som utförts för Volvo CE, behandlar utmattningsprov av svetsade konstruktioner. Teknikutveckling och förändrade kundkrav på högre kvalitet till en lägre kostnad är drivkrafter för Volvo CE att investera i produkt- och metodutvecklingsprojekt, som exempelvis det aktuella projektet att optimera vikt och tillverkningskostnad för boggi-balkar till dumprar. Detta projekt är en fortsättning av ett tidigare arbete som hade som mål att verifiera utmattningslivslängden för en boggibalk till en dumper predikterad med FEM, genom att utmattningsprova balken för oscillerande last. Som en del av projektet modifieras en existerande provningsrigg. Töjningar på balken mats med ett antal töjningsgivare monterade på balken. Spännings och töjningfrån den simulerade modellen analyseras och utmattningslivslängden jämförs för olika metoder för att prediktera utmattning. Slutligen jämförs och veriferas dessa metoder.

This thesis deals with the influence of grain refinement by ECAP on fatigue properties of magnesium alloy AZ 91. Tensile and fatigue tests were made on the as-cast state samples and samples after ECAP process. Metallographic analysis of the microstructure and fractographic analysis of the fracture surfaces was performed.

Nondestructive evaluation techniques were employed to fully characterize three 2.3L camshafts tested in an engine simulator for an equivalent of 100,000 miles. Optical microscopy, acoustic microscopy (SAM), and profilometry were used to characterize wear and fatigue, crack depth, and surface roughness, respectively. Results show cracking to occur mainly in the opening ramp of the most abusively ground cam lobes. No clear evidence was found for subsurface cracking at depths as great as 200 μm from the lobe's surface. Profilometry results show no evidence of any major tribological effect due to the sliding friction of the follower. Fractography studies show a difference between fracture surfaces among the cracks examined; straight cracks exhibit features resembling fatigue propagation, while fracture surfaces from pitted cracks show a more brittle behavior. Small grinding cracks (approximately 300 μm in length) were found in the opening ramps of the most abusively ground lobes prior to testing. Knoop and Nanoindenter microhardness indicate a near-surface rehardening for the most abusively ground lobe (confirmed by metallography), and temper burn for the remaining lobes. X-ray residual stress results made in the opening ramp of the tested lobes show evidence of residual stress relaxation. X-ray line width data as a function of depth does not correlate with residual stress. / Master of Science

No description available.

<p>Computer simulation is widely used to predict the fatigue life of engine oil coolers that fail under pressure cycles. The objective of this study is to develop a practical simulation methodology to accurately predict the fatigue life of an engine oil cooler undergoing pressure cycle testing. The study focuses on two key areas of the simulation process. First, it investigates the effect of using linear and nonlinear FEA to provide stress or strain results for subsequent fatigue analysis. Second, due to lack of fatigue material properties for the aluminum coreplate material, approximate material models derived from tensile properties are used in fatigue life calculation. The study has attempted to find out the material model that gives the best correlation in life prediction. The life prediction correlation based on the Seeger, the Modified Universal Slopes and the Modified Mitchell models, together with the Modified Universal Slopes-Al model, are evaluated.</p> <p>It is concluded that the Modified Universal Slopes-Al model, which is a re-assessment of the Modified Universal Slopes model based on the fatigue data of 16 wrought aluminum alloys, gives the best life prediction for simulations using either linear or nonlinear approaches. Life prediction using nonlinear finite element results together with this approximate material model is recommended to be the best approach. On the other hand, a simple and quick linear analysis, followed by fatigue life calculation using this material model still gives life estimates with an acceptable level of confidence.</p> <p>In the last part of the study, the life prediction performance using different strain-life criteria, together with either Morrow or Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) mean stress correction, are evaluated. It is found that SWT mean stress correction method is worse than that of Morrow in EOC fatigue life prediction in both linear and nonlinear approaches. Using the principal strain criterion with SWT mean stress correction gives conservative life prediction in both approaches. On the other hand, there are no significant differences in life prediction correlations using the principal strain, the Brown-Miller combined strain and the maximum shear strain strain-life criteria, with Morrow mean stress correction. As such, the Brown-Miller combined strain criterion with Morrow mean stress correction is the recommended strain-life model used in fatigue life calculation.</p> / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

This dissertation is focused on understanding the performance of a particular fiber-reinforced polymeric composite structural beam, a 91.4 cm (36 inch) deep pultruded double-web beam (DWB) designed for bridge construction. Part 1 focuses on calculating the Timoshenko shear stiffness of the DWB and understanding what factors may introduce error in the experimental measurement of the quantity for this and other sections. Laminated beam theory and finite element analysis (FEA) were used to estimate the shear stiffness. Several references in the literature have hypothesized an increase in the effective measured shear stiffness due to warping. A third order laminated beam theory (TLBT) was derived to explore this concept, and the warping effect was found to be negligible. Furthermore, FEA results actually indicate a decrease in the effective shear stiffness at shorter spans for simple boundary conditions. This effect was attributed to transverse compression at the load points and supports. The higher order sandwich theory of Frostig shows promise for estimating the compression related error in the shear stiffness for thin-walled beams. Part 2 attempts to identify the failure mechanism(s) under quasi-static loading and to develop a strength prediction for the DWB. FEA was utilized to investigate two possible failure modes in the top flange: compression failure of the carbon fiber plies and delamination at the free edges or taper regions. The onset of delamination was predicted using a strength-based approach, and the stress analysis was accomplished using a successive sub-modeling approach in ANSYS. The results of the delamination analyses were inconclusive, but the predicted strengths based on the compression failure mode show excellent agreement with the experimental data. A fatigue life prediction, assuming compression failure, was also developed using the remaining strength and critical element concepts of Reifsnider et al. One DWB fatigued at about 30% of the ultimate capacity showed no signs of damage after 4.9 million cycles, although the predicted number of cycles to failure was 4.4 million. A test on a second beam at about 60% of the ultimate capacity was incomplete at the time of publication. Thus, the success of the fatigue life prediction was not confirmed. / Ph. D.

[pt] Esse trabalho teve como objetivo principal avaliar a resistência à falha da infraestrutura de uma prótese parcial fixa em zircônia de três elementos e aparafusada sobre implantes, através de análise de tensões por elementos finitos e determinação da resistência à fadiga da estrutura. Como objetivo secundário, foram avaliadas as distribuições das tensões nos demais componentes da prótese. Na análise de tensões, dois modelos distintos foram gerados, sendo o primeiro com prótese, implantes e parafusos similares àqueles adotados na clínica odontológica. Um segundo modelo, usado como controle, adotou uma geometria simplificada. As cargas mastigatórias foram aquelas usuais da literatura especializada e a análise por elementos finitos foi realizada através do programa Ansys Workbench 14.5. Os resultados das distribuições de tensões mostraram semelhanças entre os dois modelos, com pequenas variações relacionadas às geometrias empregadas. As tensões calculadas ficaram abaixo dos limites de resistência mecânica da zircônia e das ligas de titânio. No cálculo da vida em fadiga da prótese de zircônia um modelo analítico foi adotado prevendo uma vida infinita para o componente. / [en] The main goal of this work was to evaluate the failure resistance of a zirconia fixed partial denture of three elements screwed on implants by means of a finite element stress analysis and the determination of the fatigue strength of the structure. As a secondary objective, the stress distributions in the other components of the prosthesis were evaluated. In order to promote the stress analysis, two different models were generated, the first making use of prosthesis, implants and screws similar to those adopted in the dental clinic. A second model, used as control, adopted a simplified geometry. The masticatory loads were those presented usually in the literature and finite element analysis was performed making use of Ansys Workbench 14.5 program. The stress distribution results showed similarity in both models, with small variations related to the adopted geometries. The calculated stresses were smaller than the ultimate strength of the zirconia and titanium alloys. Concerning the fatigue life of the zirconia prosthesis an analytical model was adopted and estimated an infinite life for the component.