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Abstract The educational budget system and relevant decree have been promulgated since 2000. One of the important changes is the budget of each educational institute has been changed to funds system. Each educational institute should funds raised by itself. Come down a few years, inside in educational institute get up asymptotic change. They should have more interaction with the societies in order to obtain more resources. Because of the change and development of the social attitude, government¡¦s public affair budget has adjusted by a wide margin. Increase in the social welfare expenditure, comparatively, the budget of public construction are squeezed. The Law for Promotion of Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects, which was promulgated on Feb. 9, 2000, espouses the spirit of vigorous innovation and, from the aspect of creating benefit, establishes partnership relations between the government and the private sector. The main features of this law include the following: 1. Embodiment of general-type legislation. 2. Embodiment of the civil contract concept. 3. Maximization of private participation. 4. Maximization of government carefulness. The law builds the new bridge between public sector and private sector for working together. This research takes educational institute as an example, besides offering private participation opportunity; the project find the way to renew the facilities in the institute. The result of this research shows, consider the factors, such as the investment benefit, the right of consumers, the reasonable market price, etc, then adjust the proportion of investment, contract time, and find the way balancing between the public and private sector. It shows by the feedback plan to the institute or public sector. When the public sector carrying out BOT plan, should consider different plan characteristics, scale, market value, etc. adjust the relation with the private sector. Find the way working together, and make the project success. KEYWORD¡G educational institute, budget, Private Participation in Infrastructure Projects, investment feasibility study

The paper is based on the research carried out in the company and deals with the analysis of development strategy possibilities for the company. The conceptions of strategic management, affect on its strategy by the organisational structure, the main types of organisational strategies and the main characteristics of the organisational environment are analysed in the theoretical part of the work. The characteristics of the JSC Putokšnis and its inner and outer environments are provided in the research part of the paper. The paper focuses on such inner factors as the company’s divisions, its organisational structure and human resources, the company’s policy towards environmental issues, quality management, financial situation, company revenues, NAVISION system. SWOT analysis of the company has been carried out; the main trends of the company’s strategic development have been substantiated. The analysis of the following factors of the company’s outer environment include: its export volumes and their effect on the company’s performance, the analysis of the situation in PET market, the analysis of competitors’ activitities. The research has proved that the JSC Putokšnis has its share in the Lithuanian and the EU markets and substantiated attitudes towards its strategic development: to expand (its markets and product assortment), to concentrate on customer needs providing them with exclusive services and benefits, to protect environment (harmonising the company’s performance and... [to full text]

The choice of suitable study populations in which to conduct large-scale phase III HIV prevention trials is a fundamental issue for communities, researchers, sponsors and donor organizations. In many developed and developing countries, such trials are feasible only among vulnerable, disadvantaged communities at high-risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections, where high HIV incidence rates make randomised controlled efficacy trials feasible but where poverty, social exclusion, illiteracy, stigma and powerlessness mean ethical considerations are paramount. In such settings, preliminary feasibility studies are considered essential to inform the design of future phase III efficacy and safety trials. Researchers typically frame their assessment of feasibility within an ‘epidemiological paradigm’, focusing on a limited number of key biomedical outcome parameters to guide decision making. These include HIV, STI and pregnancy incidence; and the feasibility of recruiting and retaining sufficient numbers of subjects from a given study population. This Thesis argues that a more comprehensive assessment of feasibility, which combines epidemiological factors with other key constructs such as ethics and social justice, is critical to the successful conduct of high quality and ethically sound HIV prevention trials among vulnerable at-risk study populations in Africa. This work is based on a combination of epidemiological, applied social science and participatory action-orientated research conducted during a microbicide trial feasibility study and an on-going phase III randomised placebo-controlled efficacy and safety trial of the candidate vaginal microbicide PRO2000/5 Gel (Indevus Pharmaceuticals, USA) that I coordinated as the Clinical Site Principal Investigator in Tanzania from November 2002 until March 2007, and for which I remain a Co-Investigator. All fieldwork was carried out in Mwanza City, in the Lake Victoria basin region of northwest Tanzania, among an occupational cohort of women working in bars, guesthouses, hotels and other food outlets and recreational facilities. Some women in this occupational group are known to periodically engage in transactional and commercial sex to supplement their income and are therefore considered to be at increased risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections, and to represent a potential study population for future microbicide and other HIV prevention trials.

Background Hospitals in Iran have mainly been managed in a centralised system and funded historically through annual budgeting with little autonomy at hospital level. The current annual budgeting system is inequitable and is not reflective of hospital activity. Hospital resources are not distributed with regard to efficiency indicators and lobbying and political power of the managers are common issues influencing budget. Evidence suggests that hospitals in Iran will be even further challenged due to the growing and aging population. Reform of funding policy, particularly in hospitals, is now being considered as a critical step to improvement of Iran’s health system. Objectives This is a study of the theoretical and practical aspects of the implementation of casemix funding of hospitals in Iran. It aims to identify the knowledge and attitude of hospital managers and staff about the feasibility of casemix; to investigate availability, reliability and completeness of hospital discharge and financial data; to measure the appropriateness of the Australian Refined Diagnosis Related Groups (AR-DRGs); to build up a basis for further studies on casemix funding of hospitals; and, to assist the efficient use of scarce resources among and between hospital systems. Methods First, a descriptive survey, using an eleven-item questionnaire, was conducted to assess the level of knowledge and attitudes of hospital managers and key staff about casemix funding and its appropriateness. Second, patients’ clinical and demographic information were collected from the discharge system of a single study hospital, to evaluate the accuracy and completeness of these data for adopting casemix in Iran’s hospitals. This information was used to classify patient episodes into DRG classes using the LAETA Grouper and AR-DRGs. Third, DRG cost weights were calculated based on the internationally accepted principles of 'activity-based' cost accounting and cost-modelling, taking into account current realities of hospital accounting structures, availability of data, as well as time and budget constraints. To identify whether there is any association between modelled cost weights and length of stay at the DRG level, two statistical measures, the Pearson correlation coefficient and regression coefficient were calculated using the STATA statistical package. Finally, a total of 465,531 acute inpatient separations, from 35 hospitals, was used to examine the performance of AR-DRGs in the study environment. L3H3; IQR; and 10th- 95th percentile methods were used for excluding extreme cases. The coefficient of variation (CV) and reduction in variance (R2) were used to measure the degree of homogeneity achieved by the classification system and the extent to which the dispersion of lengths of stay could be explained by grouping the cases into the discrete DRG classes. Results The staff survey results showed that 75% and 58% of the participants had not ever heard of the terms casemix and DRGs, respectively. The majority of the participants described casemix and DRGs as a cost allocation and/or funding tool rather than a classification system useful for management and performance measurement. The most common barriers to casemix implementation outlined by the participants included: the lack of good foundation knowledge; difficulty in data access; and lack of or incomplete knowledge of the chief managers and staff about the casemix. The data quality study findings suggest that the accuracy and completeness of the available data in the study hospital is variable and not highly reliable. The grouper identified invalid records of principal diagnosis, age, sex, and length of stay for 4% of total separations. No complication and comorbidity effects were recorded for 93% of cases. Although general practitioners are employed as gate keepers to control coding accuracy, there is no standard quality control to secure the accuracy and consistency of coding either at the physician or coder level. Coders, except in a few cases, have not been formally trained. According to the data study, the estimation of DRG cost weights using a clinical costing approach is almost impossible due to inadequate financial and utilisation information at the patient level, poorly computerised 'feeder systems', and low quality data. In contrast, the cost modelling approach, using Australian service weights resulted in the average DRG cost weight of 2.723 million Iranian Rials (equal to US $295). A regression coefficient of 0.14 (CI = 0.12 − 0.16) suggests that the average cost weight increases by 14% for every one day increase in average length of stay. Classifying a total of 465,531 acute inpatient separations using AR-DRG resulted in 579 DRG classes. Although reduction in variance (R2) for untrimmed data was low (R2 = 0.17) for LOS, trimming by L3H3, IQR, and 10th-95th percentile method improved the value of R2 to 0.53, 0.48, and 0.51, respectively. Low values of R2 for DRGs within several MDCs such as MDC 02, 05, 10, 15, and MDC 20 were identified. Conclusion This study concludes that the implementation of the casemix funding of hospitals in the Iranian health system and in Iranian Social Security Organisation in particular, is quite feasible and that AR-DRGs would provide a useful basis for introducing casemix in the system. However, the effective implementation of casemix in Iran would depend on a number of factors including: active cooperation and contribution of hospital staff at all levels and in all departments in the implementation process and provision of reliable data; updating hospital information systems; improving the quality of costing information; adopting an appropriate classification system, and, finally, adequate scrutiny of health care providers’ behaviours through the regular assessment of hospital performance and quality of care.

This diploma thesis concerns the possibilities of financing culture from the European funds. The aim is to identify specific programs, which can help with the funding of the cultural sector. Moreover, the thesis includes a written feasibility study on a particular project, which is the reconstruction of a national cultural monument. Another part included proposes several cultural events that are appropriate for this project. Finally, the thesis evaluates the current possibilities of financial support for cultural actors. It also evaluates the eligibility of the project to receive financial support.

The thesis in theoretical part deals with factors affecting the real estate market in the Czech Republic and their development. It also describes the various phases of a development project and possible ways of financing. The aim is to develop a feasibility study for a residential housing project and a description of all the stages from birth thoughts in my head developer to the final investment. The paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of the business plan and describes all the tasks associated with it. At the end of the examination investor should find a clear answer whether it is appropriate to implement the project or terminate it at an early stage.

There is the high saturation of markets in this turbulent time. In common with the competition are markets like an impregnable fortress. So the words like segmentation, targeting and positioning have been playing the key role during selection of required market. The aim of submitted work is to value the efficiency of implemented plan. The point is about branch establishing and its retrospective evaluation of Feasibility Study. This step will be done with some analysis and factors. The last episode will be the part of recommendation for getting it better.

Orientador: Luciana Patrícia Fernandes Abbade / Resumo: Introdução: Estudos pilotos e de viabilidade são realizados em diversas áreas clínicas e têm importante papel no planejamento e desenvolvimento de ensaios clínicos aleatorizados (ECAs). Entretanto, na literatura existe grande número de ECAs declarados como pilotos e de viabilidade, mas não relatam claramente em seus objetivos e métodos quais itens são testados quanto aos processos e viabilidade e se são uma preparação para estudos maiores. Objetivos: avaliar a adequação dos relatos de ECAs denominados como pilotos ou de viabilidade publicados na área de dermatologia, em relação aos cincos pontos-chaves necessários para relato destes estudos e determinar quais são os fatores associados com adequação completa aos cincos pontoschaves. Métodos: pesquisa sistemática metodológica de ECAs pilotos e de viabilidade em dermatologia publicados no PubMed, no período de janeiro de 2012 a julho de 2018. Critérios de exclusão: protocolos, carta aos editores e estudos pilotos não aleatorizados. A extração de dados de cada artigo selecionado foi realizada por meio de uma planilha padronizada. Dois revisores extraíram os dados e qualquer desacordo foi resolvido através de consenso. Os estudos incluídos foram avaliados quanto sua adequação aos cincos pontos-chaves, os quais foram escolhidos pelos autores a partir do CONSORT Statement para estudos pilotos e de viabilidade, por considerarem que são itens fundamentais para um bom relato de ECA piloto e de viabilidade. Os cincos pontos-chaves são: ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Background: Pilot and feasibility studies are carried out in several clinical areas and have an important role in the planning and development of randomized clinical trials (RCTs). However, in the literature there are a large number of RCTs declared as pilots and viability, but not clearly related in their objectives and methods. What are the items tested with regard to processes and feasibility and if it is a preparation for larger studies. Objectives: to assess RCT’s suitability reports referred to as tests or feasibility of publication in the field of dermatology, in relation to the values of key keys used for study reports and wich are the factors associated with complete adequacy to the key points. Methods: systematic survey of dermatology pilot’s RCT published in PubMed from January 2012 to July 2018. Exclusion criteria: protocols, letter to editorials and non-randomized pilot studies. Data extraction from each selected article was performed using a standardized spreadsheet. Two reviewers extracted the data and any disagreements were resolved by consensus. The included studies were assessed as to their suitability for the five key points, which were chosen by the authors from the CONSORT Statement for pilot and feasibility studies, as they consider that they are fundamental items for a good report of pilot and feasibility RCTs. The five key points are: i) title or abstract indicating that it is a pilot study; ii) objectives attesting to viability; iii) outcomes that ass... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Many reasons to consider extending the useful time of ageing wind farms. Like to take advantage of it being located in a good wind source, besides existing infrastructure, etc. Repowering can be an appropriate option for the ageing wind farm that suffering less yield energy and increment of cost of operation and maintenance.  The thesis discusses the repowering potential of old wind farms. The case study is implemented on a selected wind farm in Denmark. Different repowering scenarios were considered with the technical-economic assessment for each scenario to determine which scenario is viable. The sensitivity analysis was done taking into consideration selected parameters to find out the effect of each parameter on the profitability and productivity of the repowered wind farm. More details will be explored in the following chapters.