Canadian fiscal federalism is a set of complex relations on both federal and interprovincial levels. As each province faces different geographic, economic or demographic situation, federal government runs equalization program that aims to diminish potential economic gaps. Despite vaguely defined purpose, the transfers are unconditional - provinces could use them for any purpose they find appropriate. That could possibly cause distorted incentives such as flypaper effect in which politicians tend to adjust spending behavior according to source of income. Equalization payments are distributed based on potential capacity of each province to raise revenue. As Quebec has been the largest recipient of equalization grants with slow, if existent, convergence to the rest of provinces, it is subject of the analysis in the period from the year 1981, which marks breaking points in both Quebec and equalization system history, to 2016. Quebec tends to be blamed for taking advantage of the system by deliberately undervaluing its fiscal capacity through subsidized prices of electricity and by boosting its social expenditures. By incorporating descriptive statistics and discussion, this thesis concludes that Quebec's policymakers likely deliberately implement fiscal policies that in turn undervalue its fiscal...

This dissertation delineates the ways in which the political vicissitudes, economic restructuring and cultural fissures of the 1960s and 1970s shaped the commemoration of the Bicentennial of American Independence and elucidates how, in turn, the Bicentennial helped catalyze the eventual emergence of the cultural formations and political economy of neoliberalism. Using cultural studies frameworks to analyze archival policy memoranda, planning, curatorial and design records, journalistic accounts, photographs and audio-visual recordings, I demonstrate that the Bicentennial became a crucible in which Americans across the political spectrum reframed historical narratives, reconceived national identity and debated the proper role of the federal government. This study argues that political, economic and cultural elites mounted events that answered social movement demands for inclusiveness but contained their potential to effect radical change. The corporate sponsorships devised for Bicentennial projects profoundly expanded the role of corporations within the cultural sphere, enabling museums to adapt to the dismantling of the "welfare state" and laying the groundwork for the public-private partnerships that became the cornerstones of neoliberalism in the1980s. Chapter 1 examines a traveling Smithsonian exhibition, "Workers and Allies: Female Participation in the American Trade Union Movement 1824-1876," to illuminate the challenges of conducting public history in a moment when national narratives are highly contested. Chapter 2 argues that the Nixon administration imposed its overriding policy agenda of New Federalism upon the Bicentennial planning process to help engender a conservative realignment of American values and the electorate. Chapter 3 chronicles the transformation of the Smithsonian Festival of American Folklife from a small celebration of deep-rooted folkways with counterhegemonic aims into a grand multicultural Bicentennial spectacle that advanced the ideological and economic prerogatives of the Smithsonian's liberal leadership, of conservative politicians, and its major corporate sponsors. Chapter 4 explores the launch and exhibition design of the American Freedom Train, which marshaled substantial economic and political resources of the federal government and four American corporations - Pepsico, Prudential, Kraftco, and General Motors. This single most widely-circulated project reasserted a teleological narrative of steady economic, technological, and social progress and affirmed the cultural authority of its corporate stewards and the success of privatization. / 2019-04-30T00:00:00Z

This thesis describes what people at the grassroots levels of the different tribal areas of Uganda think about the issue of federalism. It presents the findings from conversations with selected samples of ordinary people in ten different tribal areas of the country, that ethnic federalism, a recognition of Uganda's indigenous peoples and their indigenous systems of governance, is seen as one possible way of restoring and guaranteeing accountability in national politics. This is against the background of a post-independence history of undemocratic rule, instability, and deteriorating levels of social inequality along ethnic and political lines. / 博士(グローバル社会研究) / Doctor of Philosophy in Global Society Studies / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

Thesis advisor: Michael Hartney / This thesis analyzes the sporadic and incoherent federal approaches to education policy over the last half century to reveal a theory of policymaking constraints that elucidates the tensions between political will for equity and implementation capacity that are intrinsic to federal education policy. I then apply this theory to the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA). I find that consistent with my theory of policymaking constraints, a majority of states responded to the increased flexibility in ESSA by retreating from equity concerns. I then explore possible predictive factors for cross-state variation, presenting evidence that wealthy citizen satisfaction with local schools was associated with a decrease in attention to equity in state ESSA plans and that states that evaded accountability measures under No Child Left Behind continued to do so under the Every Student Succeeds Act. These results contribute to an important debate about the retreat from equity commitments under ESSA and furthermore, the theoretical framework that explains the policy zigzag in education policy since 1965. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2018. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Political Science.

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No / This chapter reviews the substantive issue of the contemporary intertwining of both national and overall EU economy in relation to the spectre of monetary union through first evaluating a country’s readiness for euro entry through a comparison between the convergence criteria stipulated in the Treaty on European Union and the theory of optimal currency areas, which leads to discussion of the economic costs and benefits of euro membership. However, given the unprecedented strain eurozone has now come under the also chapter examines the background to the current eurozone crisis; specifically, how the Global Financial Crisis induced Great Recession triggered the problems within the eurozone. Subsequently, the chapter explores how the advent of EMU has significantly redefined the operation of fiscal and monetary policy with the former retained by member states, but proscribed by EMU-wide rules, whilst the latter has been assumed by a specifically created independent central bank. Hence, the chapter explores the theoretical underpinnings of the operation of monetary and fiscal policy within EMU, where it examines the conduct, coordination and philosophy of macroeconomic policymaking. This analysis is then extended by discussing a series of potential remedies, consisting of an evaluation of EU instigated solutions, together with a series of alternative propositions. However, whilst the economic remedies to the eurozone crisis may eventually succeed, the greater long-term damage may well emerge through the political sphere with the imposition of unelected technocrat governments, together with growing dissatisfaction of mainstream political parties with support for either the far-right, protest parties, anti-euro parties, anti-EU parties, or member states losing confidence in the direction of ‘ever closer union’.

No / The pace of economic integration amongst European Union (EU) member states has accelerated considerably during the past decade, highlighted by the process of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Many aspects of the EU's apparatus, however, have failed to evolve in order to meets these new challenges. This book explores the issue of fiscal federalism within the context of EU integration from theoretical, historical, policy and global perspectives. It contrasts the pace of integration amongst EU member states with the failure of financial and administrative apparatus to evolve to encompass fiscal federalism, i.e. the development of a centralised budgetary system. This impressive collection, with contributions from a range of internationally respected authors, shall interest students and researchers involved with European economics and economic integration. Its accessible style will also make it extremely useful to policy-makers and professionals for whom European economic integration is a daily topic of conversation.

Ett federalt system kan vara ett verktyg för att minska spänningar och öka inkluderingen i ett multietniskt samhälle som Afghanistan. Genom att ge regioner större självstyre kan federalism öka representationen och autonomin för olika etniska grupper, vilket minskar marginalisering och konflikter. Lokala regeringar kan utveckla anpassad politik och program, främja deltagande och balansera makten mellan central och regional styrning. Federalism förenar behovet av nationell enhet med erkännandet av etnisk och kulturell mångfald, bevarar lokala språk och traditioner, och stärker nationell sammanhållning. Regional autonomi kan hantera etniska spänningar genom att ge grupper kontroll över sina angelägenheter, vilket främjar representation och delaktighet. Genom att sprida makten och öka legitimiteten kan federalism hjälpa lokala myndigheter att bättre tillgodose olika intressen och svara på medborgarnas krav, förhindra maktkoncentration och främja bredare politiskt engagemang. / A federal system can be important to reduce tensions and increase inclusion in a multi-ethnic society like Afghanistan. By giving regions greater autonomy, federalism can increase the representation and autonomy of different ethnic groups, reducing marginalization and conflict. Local governments can develop appropriate policies and programs, promote participation, and balance power between central and regional governance. Federalism reconciles the need for national unity with the recognition of ethnic and cultural diversity, preserves local languages and traditions, and strengthens national cohesion.Regional autonomy can manage ethnic tensions by giving groups control over their affairs, which promotes representation and participation. By diffusing power and increasing legitimacy, federalism can help local governments better serve diverse interests and respond to citizen demands, prevent the concentration of power, and promote broader political engagement. / <p>2024-05-24</p>