The prey selection and predatory behaviour of a single pride of lions (Panthera leo) was studied in the 8500 ha Karongwe Game Reserve from 1999–2005. The study focused on the difference between prey selection in the first three years when a two-male coalition was present with a similar period thereafter when one of the males was removed and subadult males dispersed from the pride. A total of 662 kills were recorded, with blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus), warthog (Phacochoerus africanus), waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus), zebra (Equus burchelli) and impala (Aepyceros melampus) being the most preferred species. Although there was preference for these species, and adult prey were favoured, there was no significant selection for prey size, age or gender. There was a significant difference in the number of kills made when the two-male coalition was present as opposed to the single pride male. The solitary pride male spent significantly more time with the females and shared most of their kills, and during this period dispersing subadult males killed a substantial amount of prey when separated from the pride. Knowledge on predator feeding behaviour is important for managers to assess impact on prey populations in small reserves in order to manage them correctly, thereby preventing depletion of such populations.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:36:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 agostinho_lm_me_botfmvz.pdf: 249237 bytes, checksum: 93653668e8214e03647537b124f87ed0 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O cultivo intensivo de peixes em tanque-rede pode induzir ao estresse fisiológico, promovendo queda de desempenho do animal e da imunocompetencia. A utilização de imunoestimulantes, como a própolis, pode melhorar a imunidade inata dos animais e fornecer resistência a patogenos durante períodos de estresse elevado. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o efeito da própolis em juvenis de pacu, criados em tanques-rede e arraçoados com baixas e altas frequências alimentares, por meio do desempenho produtivo e das enzimas intestinais. Foram utilizados juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), distribuídos em 18 tanques-rede com estocagem de 90 alevinos/m3 com peso médio inicial de 27,57±7,21 g. Foram utilizados três níveis de própolis incorporada na ração comercial, nos seguintes tratamentos: 0,0; 1,0 e 10,0 g de própolis/kg de ração, fornecidas em duas frequências alimentares: quatro e 24 vezes ao dia em um delineamento fatorial (3x2) e com taxa de alimentação de 7,0%. Os resultados foram analisados por ANOVA, seguida do teste de Tukey para comparação de médias. A suplementação de própolis na dieta melhorou o ganho de peso dos animais, na frequência alimentar de 24 vezes ao dia. Entretanto, quando a frequência alimentar foi menor os níveis de própolis não melhoraram o ganho de peso / Intensive fish farming in net cages can lead to physiological stress, thus impairing animal performance and resistance to diseases. The use of immunostimulants, such as propolis, can bring benefits mainly in the initial phases of the culture. This work aimed at evaluating the effect of propolis in juveniles of Pacu, reared in net cages and fed high and low feeding frequencies, by analyzing their performance and digestive enzmes. Pacus were distributed in 18 cages with 90 fish/m3 and 27.57±7.21 g. Three levels of propolis were added in fish diet (0.0; 1.0 and 10.0g/kg) supplied in two feeding frequencies (four and 24/day) in a factorial arrangement (3x2) and a feeding rate corresponding to 7% of fish weight. Results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test comparison of averages.Fish diet with propolis with a feeding frequency of 24 times a day resulted in improved weight gain

No description available.

Diss. (sammanfattning). Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniv. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Alnarp : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2005. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Aim of this work were to assessed the impact of feeding, temperature, stocking density, fish size and water temperature on ammonia excretion and oxygen consumption of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in recirculating system. Concentration (saturation) of oxygen, water temperature and pH were measured using multimeter and concentration of ammonia was assessed by direct Nessler method. For assessing of effect of fish size, three groups of tilapias weighed 25, 65 and 140 g were established, each group in four replicates. For assessing of effect of feeding was tilapias (body weight 65g) divided into groups fed continuously, two meals per day and four meals per day, each group in four replicates. For assessing of effect of stocking density was tilapias (body weight 65g) divided into groups of 20, 50 and 80 kg.m-3, each group in four replicates. All experiments were performed for water temperature of 23, 27 and 31 °C and for fed and starved fish. Mean daily oxygen consumption was higher for smaller fish categories than for bigger ones and grow rapidly after feeding. The kind of feeding had impact on diurnal fluctuation of oxygen consumption. It was also confirmed that tilapia can survive low level of oxygen concentration for a quite long period.

Ensuring proper nutrition to young cattle is essential for its growth and development during rearing and the subsequent performance, including maintenance of the health of animals. Attention is deservedly paid mainly to colostrum nutrition, but also milk nutrition. However there are great reserves due to caregivers work habits and ingrained practices are the highest risk factors that decide the success of rearing. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of feeding frequency on the growth intensity of calves during the milk diet. The observation of calves was carried out from May 2013 to February 2014. Total of 60 randomly selected calves - heifers of the Czech Fleckvieh cattle were analysed. Heifers were divided into two groups (2x30): one group was fed 2 times per day and the second group was fed 3 times per day by the same amount of milk.

Orientador: Ricardo de Oliveira Orsi / Banca: Margarida Maria Barros / Banca: Lidia Maria Ruv C Barreto / Resumo: O cultivo intensivo de peixes em tanque-rede pode induzir ao estresse fisiológico, promovendo queda de desempenho do animal e da imunocompetencia. A utilização de imunoestimulantes, como a própolis, pode melhorar a imunidade inata dos animais e fornecer resistência a patogenos durante períodos de estresse elevado. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar o efeito da própolis em juvenis de pacu, criados em tanques-rede e arraçoados com baixas e altas frequências alimentares, por meio do desempenho produtivo e das enzimas intestinais. Foram utilizados juvenis de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), distribuídos em 18 tanques-rede com estocagem de 90 alevinos/m3 com peso médio inicial de 27,57±7,21 g. Foram utilizados três níveis de própolis incorporada na ração comercial, nos seguintes tratamentos: 0,0; 1,0 e 10,0 g de própolis/kg de ração, fornecidas em duas frequências alimentares: quatro e 24 vezes ao dia em um delineamento fatorial (3x2) e com taxa de alimentação de 7,0%. Os resultados foram analisados por ANOVA, seguida do teste de Tukey para comparação de médias. A suplementação de própolis na dieta melhorou o ganho de peso dos animais, na frequência alimentar de 24 vezes ao dia. Entretanto, quando a frequência alimentar foi menor os níveis de própolis não melhoraram o ganho de peso / Abstract: Intensive fish farming in net cages can lead to physiological stress, thus impairing animal performance and resistance to diseases. The use of immunostimulants, such as propolis, can bring benefits mainly in the initial phases of the culture. This work aimed at evaluating the effect of propolis in juveniles of Pacu, reared in net cages and fed high and low feeding frequencies, by analyzing their performance and digestive enzmes. Pacus were distributed in 18 cages with 90 fish/m3 and 27.57±7.21 g. Three levels of propolis were added in fish diet (0.0; 1.0 and 10.0g/kg) supplied in two feeding frequencies (four and 24/day) in a factorial arrangement (3x2) and a feeding rate corresponding to 7% of fish weight. Results were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test comparison of averages.Fish diet with propolis with a feeding frequency of 24 times a day resulted in improved weight gain / Mestre

Dissertação(mestrado)-Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Aqüicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia, 2008. / Submitted by Cristiane Silva (cristiane_gomides@hotmail.com) on 2012-08-10T12:32:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviana.pdf: 145507 bytes, checksum: 5b6588d4650811ce2cf7155c7f9e6830 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Bruna Vieira(bruninha_vieira@ibest.com.br) on 2012-08-21T18:04:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviana.pdf: 145507 bytes, checksum: 5b6588d4650811ce2cf7155c7f9e6830 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-08-21T18:04:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviana.pdf: 145507 bytes, checksum: 5b6588d4650811ce2cf7155c7f9e6830 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / A família Carangidae engloba uma série de peixes economicamente importantes, abundantes em águas tropicais e sub-tropicais. O pampo Trachinotus marginatus apresenta fácil adaptação a sistemas intensivos de criação, comprovado pela rápida aceitação de dieta artificiais. Entretanto, para determinar a viabilidade do cultivo de uma espécie é necessário o conhecimento dos fatores limitantes para sua produção. A taxa de arraçoamento e a freqüência alimentar apropriada são importantes para o correto manejo alimentar de uma espécie cultivada. O conhecimento da “Specific dynamic action” (SDA) também é importante e pode auxiliar na determinação da capacidade suporte do sistema de produção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer a taxa ótima de arraçoamento, a freqüência alimentar adequada e estudar a taxa de consumo de oxigênio pós-prandial para juvenis do pampo. Os experimentos foram realizados com juvenis (4,8±0,6g) coletados na natureza e aclimatados ao laboratório. Foram testadas diferentes taxas de arraçoamento (4, 8, 12, 16 e 20% da biomassa total por dia) e freqüência alimentar (2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 vezes por dia). O consumo de oxigênio foi avaliado com peixes alimentados com 12% da biomassa por dia. É sugerido o uso de uma taxa de arraçoamento de 8% da biomassa por dia e a freqüência alimentar de 6 a 8x/dia para juvenis de pampo, de modo a otimizar o crescimento e a taxa de conversão alimentar aparente. Foi observado um pico de consumo de oxigênio aos 30 min após a alimentação e decorridos 150 min da alimentação, o consumo de oxigênio retornou ao nível basal. / Carangidae fish are economically important fish, abundant in tropical and subtropical environments. Pompano Trachinotus marginatus easily adapts to captivity, since wild caught fish accept dry diets soon after being captured. However, in order to determine the viability of a new species for aquaculture, it is important to know the limiting factors for its production. Daily ration and feeding frequency are important parameters to control regarding feeding management for juvenile rearing. Specific dynamic action is also important and can help to determine carrying capacity of a given rearing system. The objective of this work was to determine optimum daily ration and feeding frequency, and to study post-pandrial oxygen consumption. Wild caught juvenile pompano (4.8±0.6g) captured in the surf zone at Cassino beach (Brazil). Two independent feeding trials were carried in laboratory. In trial I pompano were fed 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20% total biomass daily (% B.D-1). In trial II, juveniles were fed 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 times per day. The postprandial metabolic changes were measured with juvenile pompano fed 12%B.D-1. The best feeding ration was 8% B.D-1, while optimum feeding frequency was between 6 and 8 meals per day to maximize growth and feed conversion rate. Postprandial increase in oxygen consumption was observed 30 min after feeding and after 150 min it decreased to the standard metabolic rate.