<p>The number of people with another culture is</p><p>increasing in Sweden. This change in society brings</p><p>consequences in health care that has not any methods</p><p>to manage. The Muslim woman’s meeting with the</p><p>health care is one of those areas. The aim with this</p><p>study was to describe the nurses meeting with female</p><p>Muslim patient. The study carried out as a literature</p><p>study and the results which based on 9 articles</p><p>showed the lack of knowledge about culture and</p><p>religion among health care staff. The authors further</p><p>believed that to achieve an adequate result with</p><p>meeting between staff and patient requires</p><p>knowledge about different culture and religion. The</p><p>study shows furthermore a necessity for nurses</p><p>training individually to create instinct in how their</p><p>own cultural opinion affects the nurse in her/his</p><p>profession. The patients felt like nurses had a</p><p>stereotype to doing their job and got very difficult to</p><p>satisfy patients with the needs. In view of the</p><p>circumstances it notifies proposals to improvement in</p><p>the existing health care through curses and seminars</p><p>about culture and religion but even concrete</p><p>information about Islam and Muslim female patient’s</p><p>needed in an institutional care. Madeleine</p><p>Leininger’s theory of culture care was used as the</p><p>conceptual framework and support for the study.</p>

The number of people with another culture is increasing in Sweden. This change in society brings consequences in health care that has not any methods to manage. The Muslim woman’s meeting with the health care is one of those areas. The aim with this study was to describe the nurses meeting with female Muslim patient. The study carried out as a literature study and the results which based on 9 articles showed the lack of knowledge about culture and religion among health care staff. The authors further believed that to achieve an adequate result with meeting between staff and patient requires knowledge about different culture and religion. The study shows furthermore a necessity for nurses training individually to create instinct in how their own cultural opinion affects the nurse in her/his profession. The patients felt like nurses had a stereotype to doing their job and got very difficult to satisfy patients with the needs. In view of the circumstances it notifies proposals to improvement in the existing health care through curses and seminars about culture and religion but even concrete information about Islam and Muslim female patient’s needed in an institutional care. Madeleine Leininger’s theory of culture care was used as the conceptual framework and support for the study.

The aims of this licentiate thesis were to explore and describe female and male patients’ conceptions of integrity within health care and to illuminate the conceptions from a gender as well as a personal space boundary perspective. A qualitative design with a phenomenographic approach was used. The participants, 17 male (Study I) and 15 female patients (Study II), all of whom had undergone medical or surgical care, were strategically selected and interviewed. The identified conceptions were also analysed from a gender as well as a personal space boundary perspective. Three description categories emerged among the male patients (Study I); self-respect, dignity and confidence, while maintaining the self, dignity and confidence were the description categories found among the female patients (Study II). Male patients’ description of self-respect and female patients’ description of maintaining the self were for the most part similar although there were some differences. The conceptions revealed that integrity involves having the courage to set boundaries and having control over the private sphere, one’s self and one’s situation. While the male patients emphasised selfbelief and being alone, their female counterparts stressed that preserving one’s identity was essential in order to maintain the self. Dignity concerned being respected, and the male patients also described dignity as being seen as a trustworthy and whole person, while the women described it as not being exposed. Both male and female patients described confidence, which was related to handling patient information in a confidential way, trusting the professional caregivers, participating as well as balancing or changing the boundaries of integrity if necessary. The male patients also described confidence as being free. The personal space boundary perspective was useful for explaining the process of respecting the self by opening or closing outgoing and incoming boundaries around the self. The patients had to consider who, when and to what degree others should have access to their personal spaces. The way in which the professional caregivers interacted with the patient influenced the openness of the boundaries.

<p>The aims of this licentiate thesis were to explore and describe female and male patients’ conceptions of integrity within health care and to illuminate the conceptions from a gender as well as a personal space boundary perspective. A qualitative design with a phenomenographic approach was used. The participants, 17 male (Study I) and 15 female patients (Study II), all of whom had undergone medical or surgical care, were strategically selected and interviewed. The identified conceptions were also analysed from a gender as well as a personal space boundary perspective.</p><p>Three description categories emerged among the male patients (Study I); self-respect, dignity and confidence, while maintaining the self, dignity and confidence were the description categories found among the female patients (Study II). Male patients’ description of self-respect and female patients’ description of maintaining the self were for the most part similar although there were some differences. The conceptions revealed that integrity involves having the courage to set boundaries and having control over the private sphere, one’s self and one’s situation. While the male patients emphasised selfbelief and being alone, their female counterparts stressed that preserving one’s identity was essential in order to maintain the self. Dignity concerned being respected, and the male patients also described dignity as being seen as a trustworthy and whole person, while the women described it as not being exposed. Both male and female patients described confidence, which was related to handling patient information in a confidential way, trusting the professional caregivers, participating as well as balancing or changing the boundaries of integrity if necessary. The male patients also described confidence as being free.</p><p>The personal space boundary perspective was useful for explaining the process of respecting the self by opening or closing outgoing and incoming boundaries around the self. The patients had to consider who, when and to what degree others should have access to their personal spaces. The way in which the professional caregivers interacted with the patient influenced the openness of the boundaries.</p>

Bakgrund: Tidigare genomförd forskning visar att kvinnliga patienter kan känna sig obekväma då omvårdnaden utövas av manliga sjuksköterskor. Troliga förklaringar till detta är den manliga sjuksköterskans särställning som minoritet i hälso- och sjukvården. Vidare att rollen att ta hand om och vårda inte alltid varit ett attribut som vanligen tillskrivs män. Syfte: Därav syftar denna studie till att identifiera hur manliga sjuksköterskor och sjuksköterskestudenter upplever utövandet av omvårdnadsåtgärder då patienten är en kvinna. Metod: Föreliggande studie har designats som en litteraturstudie baserad på 11 artiklar med kvalitativ ansats som analyserats utifrån metoden för metasyntes. Resultat: Under analysen kunde fyra teman identifieras: “Intim omvårdnad”, “Beröring”, “Religiösa och kulturella hinder”, “Strategier”. Konklusion: Kartläggningen vittnar om att manliga sjuksköterskor stöter på problem på grund av sin könstillhörighet. Problem som i sin tur orsakar ångest och stress i olika omvårdnadssituationer vilket kan ha en direkt inverkan på den vård de ger patienter av motsatt könstillhörighet. Vidare kan det påverka vilken inriktning den manligen sjuksköterskan väljer efter avslutad utbildning. / Background: Previous research shows that female patients may feel uncomfortable when nursing is performed by male nurses. Probable explanations for this are the male nurse's special position as a minority in health care. Furthermore, the role of caring for and nurturing has not always been an attribute commonly ascribed to men. Purpose: Therefore, this study aims to identify how male nurses and nursing students experience the practice of nursing measures when the patient is a woman. Method: The present study has been designed as a literature review based on 11 articles with a qualitative approach that were analyzed based on the method of metasynthesis. Result: During the analysis, four themes could be identified: "Intimate care", "Touch", "Religious and cultural barriers", "Strategies". Conclusion: The mapping shows that male nurses encounter problems due to their gender. Problems that in turn cause anxiety and stress in different nursing situations which can have a direct impact on the care they provide to patients of the opposite sex. Furthermore, it can affect which specialization the male nurse chooses after completing the education.