Halle, Wittenberg, Univ., Diss., 2001. / Computerdatei im Fernzugriff.

Halle, Wittenberg, Univ., Diss., 2001. / Computerdatei im Fernzugriff.

Halle, Wittenberg, Universiẗat, Diss., 2001.

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) has gained much popularity for in vivo applications recently. Thus far, there are two types of pre-equilibrium kinetic calibration that have been applied to in vivo SPME: on-fibre standardization and dominant pre-equilibrium desorption. Both of these techniques have their own advantages and disadvantages. To address the limitations presented by these two techniques, a third pre-equilibrium kinetic calibration method, the diffusion-based interface model, was investigated. The diffusion-based interface model had been successfully applied to air and water samples but was never utilized for in vivo SPME studies. For the first part of the research, on-fibre standardization, dominant pre-equilibrium desorption, and diffusion-based interface model were compared in terms of accuracy, precision, and experimental procedures, by using a flow-through system. These three kinetic calibrations were further validated by equilibrium SPME extraction and protein-plasma precipitation, a current state-of-the-art sampling method. The potential of diffusion-based interface model was yet again demonstrated in the second part of the research project. This calibration method was applied to comparative pharmacokinetic studies of two drugs, fenoterol and methoxyfenoterol, on 5 rats. To provide a constant sampling rate as required for diffusion-based interface model, a SPME animal sampling autosampler, AccuSampler®, was utilized. It custom-written program allowed the entire SPME sampling procedure excluding insertion and removal of SPME probes to be automated. Furthermore, to validate the results obtained by SPME, the AccuSampler® was programmed to withdraw blood after each SPME sampling time point for conventional method analysis using protein-plasma precipitation. The well correlated data obtained by SPME sampling and the conventional method illustrated the potential of diffusion-based interface model as an excellent choice for future in vivo SPME applications.

Solid phase microextraction (SPME) has gained much popularity for in vivo applications recently. Thus far, there are two types of pre-equilibrium kinetic calibration that have been applied to in vivo SPME: on-fibre standardization and dominant pre-equilibrium desorption. Both of these techniques have their own advantages and disadvantages. To address the limitations presented by these two techniques, a third pre-equilibrium kinetic calibration method, the diffusion-based interface model, was investigated. The diffusion-based interface model had been successfully applied to air and water samples but was never utilized for in vivo SPME studies. For the first part of the research, on-fibre standardization, dominant pre-equilibrium desorption, and diffusion-based interface model were compared in terms of accuracy, precision, and experimental procedures, by using a flow-through system. These three kinetic calibrations were further validated by equilibrium SPME extraction and protein-plasma precipitation, a current state-of-the-art sampling method. The potential of diffusion-based interface model was yet again demonstrated in the second part of the research project. This calibration method was applied to comparative pharmacokinetic studies of two drugs, fenoterol and methoxyfenoterol, on 5 rats. To provide a constant sampling rate as required for diffusion-based interface model, a SPME animal sampling autosampler, AccuSampler®, was utilized. It custom-written program allowed the entire SPME sampling procedure excluding insertion and removal of SPME probes to be automated. Furthermore, to validate the results obtained by SPME, the AccuSampler® was programmed to withdraw blood after each SPME sampling time point for conventional method analysis using protein-plasma precipitation. The well correlated data obtained by SPME sampling and the conventional method illustrated the potential of diffusion-based interface model as an excellent choice for future in vivo SPME applications.

Tübingen, Univ., Diss., 2002.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:55:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 262952 bytes, checksum: fed2a60f7a0605b64f30fb2d2656c986 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-26 / Salbutamol and fenoterol are agonists β2 adrenergic of short duration, with important paper in the treatment of the breathing diseases due to excellent effect bronchodilator. The study had as objective evaluates through physical exam, laboratorial and electrocardiography the effects of the fenoterol and salbutamol for road inalatory in dogs. Twelve dogs were distributed in 2 groups being: group FE (fenoterol) it received fenoterol through inalatory, in the dose of 2droups/5Kg of alive weight diluted in solution of chloride of sodium 0,9% and administered by road inalatory through the inhalation apparel; group SA (salbutamol) treaty with salbutamol, through aerosol dosador, in the dose of 100 micrograms. They were appraised four different moments, being considered MC (moment controls) before the administration of the drug, M30, M2 and M6, where the evaluations were accomplished respectively with 30 minutes, 2 hours and 6 hours after administration of the drugs. They were checked temperature (T), heart frequency (FC), breathing frequency (f), systolic blood pressure (PAS), appraised the gasometry and electrocardiogram. The fenoterol and salbutamol caused discreet heart stimulation, being significant for the animals of the group SA two hours after the administration of the drug compared a moment controls. Tremors were observed with larger predominance in the animals of the group SA. Decrease of the systolic blood pressure and increase of the breathing frequency were observed in the two groups, and there were not significant alteration of the temperature, gasometry and electrocardiogram for both groups. Was ended that the fenoterol provokes smaller side effects of heart stimulation and tremors compared to the salbutamol being this way a safer drug. / Salbutamol e fenoterol são agonistas β2 adrenérgicos de curta duração, com papel importante no tratamento das doenças respiratórias devido ao seu excelente efeito broncodilatador. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar por meio de exame físico, laboratorial e eletrocardiográfico os efeitos destes fármacos administrados por via inalatória em cães. Doze cães foram distribuídos em dois grupos com seis em cada sendo: grupo FE (fenoterol) recebeu fenoterol via inalatória, na dose de 2 gotas/5Kg de peso vivo, diluídas em solução de cloreto de sódio 0,9% e administrados por meio do aparelho de inalação; grupo SA (salbutamol) tratado com salbutamol, por meio de dosador de aerossol, na dose de 100mg. Foram avaliados quatro diferentes momentos, sendo considerado MC (momento controle) antes da administração dos fármacos, M30, M2 e M6, onde as avaliações foram realizadas com 30 minutos, 2 horas e 6 horas após administração dos fármacos respectivamente. Foram aferidas temperatura retal(TR), freqüência cardíaca (FC), freqüência respiratória (FR), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), avaliados a hemogasometria e eletrocardiograma. O fenoterol e salbutamol causaram discreta estimulação cardíaca, sendo estatisticamente significativo para os animais do grupo SA 2 horas após a sua administração comparado ao momento controle. Tremores foram observados com maior predominância nos animais do grupo SA. Diminuição da pressão arterial sistólica e aumento da freqüência respiratória foram observados nos dois grupos, e não houve alteração significativa da temperatura retal, dos valores da hemogasometria e eletrocardiograma em ambos os grupos. Conclui-se que o fenoterol provoca menor efeitos colaterais de estimulação cardíaca e tremores comparados ao salbutamol sendo desta forma um fármaco mais seguro.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:53:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao.pdf: 262952 bytes, checksum: fed2a60f7a0605b64f30fb2d2656c986 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-26 / Salbutamol and fenoterol are agonists β2 adrenergic of short duration, with important paper in the treatment of the breathing diseases due to excellent effect bronchodilator. The study had as objective evaluates through physical exam, laboratorial and electrocardiography the effects of the fenoterol and salbutamol for road inalatory in dogs. Twelve dogs were distributed in 2 groups being: group FE (fenoterol) it received fenoterol through inalatory, in the dose of 2droups/5Kg of alive weight diluted in solution of chloride of sodium 0,9% and administered by road inalatory through the inhalation apparel; group SA (salbutamol) treaty with salbutamol, through aerosol dosador, in the dose of 100 micrograms. They were appraised four different moments, being considered MC (moment controls) before the administration of the drug, M30, M2 and M6, where the evaluations were accomplished respectively with 30 minutes, 2 hours and 6 hours after administration of the drugs. They were checked temperature (T), heart frequency (FC), breathing frequency (f), systolic blood pressure (PAS), appraised the gasometry and electrocardiogram. The fenoterol and salbutamol caused discreet heart stimulation, being significant for the animals of the group SA two hours after the administration of the drug compared a moment controls. Tremors were observed with larger predominance in the animals of the group SA. Decrease of the systolic blood pressure and increase of the breathing frequency were observed in the two groups, and there were not significant alteration of the temperature, gasometry and electrocardiogram for both groups. Was ended that the fenoterol provokes smaller side effects of heart stimulation and tremors compared to the salbutamol being this way a safer drug. / Salbutamol e fenoterol são agonistas β2 adrenérgicos de curta duração, com papel importante no tratamento das doenças respiratórias devido ao seu excelente efeito broncodilatador. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar por meio de exame físico, laboratorial e eletrocardiográfico os efeitos destes fármacos administrados por via inalatória em cães. Doze cães foram distribuídos em dois grupos com seis em cada sendo: grupo FE (fenoterol) recebeu fenoterol via inalatória, na dose de 2 gotas/5Kg de peso vivo, diluídas em solução de cloreto de sódio 0,9% e administrados por meio do aparelho de inalação; grupo SA (salbutamol) tratado com salbutamol, por meio de dosador de aerossol, na dose de 100mg. Foram avaliados quatro diferentes momentos, sendo considerado MC (momento controle) antes da administração dos fármacos, M30, M2 e M6, onde as avaliações foram realizadas com 30 minutos, 2 horas e 6 horas após administração dos fármacos respectivamente. Foram aferidas temperatura retal(TR), freqüência cardíaca (FC), freqüência respiratória (FR), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS), avaliados a hemogasometria e eletrocardiograma. O fenoterol e salbutamol causaram discreta estimulação cardíaca, sendo estatisticamente significativo para os animais do grupo SA 2 horas após a sua administração comparado ao momento controle. Tremores foram observados com maior predominância nos animais do grupo SA. Diminuição da pressão arterial sistólica e aumento da freqüência respiratória foram observados nos dois grupos, e não houve alteração significativa da temperatura retal, dos valores da hemogasometria e eletrocardiograma em ambos os grupos. Conclui-se que o fenoterol provoca menor efeitos colaterais de estimulação cardíaca e tremores comparados ao salbutamol sendo desta forma um fármaco mais seguro.

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