Thesis (M.A.)--Carleton University, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1993.

Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 1995. / Title from title page screen, viewed May 15, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Lanny Morreau (chair), Mack Bowen, Ming-Gon John Lian, William Rau, Kenneth Strand. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-110) and abstract. Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Duquesne University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Abstract included in electronic submission form. Includes bibliographical references (p. 309-335) and index.

Débat social et juridique, la condition pénale de l’enfant à naître s’est, dans un premier temps, cristallisée autour de la question de l’interruption volontaire de grossesse. Cette question a ensuite trouvé un prolongement dans la jurisprudence criminelle relative à l’atteinte involontaire à la vie d'un enfant à naître. La situation pénale de l’enfant avant sa naissance est caractérisée par une absence de reconnaissance de sa qualité de victime. Les interrogations relatives à la condition juridique de l’enfant conçu ont également été renouvelées par les différentes lois bioéthiques et le sort réservé aux embryons surnuméraires. L’indétermination du statut juridique de l’enfant avant sa naissance trouve des éléments de réponse dans la confusion notionnelle qui règne autour de la notion de personne. Parallèlement, une analyse erronée des législations qui autorisent les atteintes portées à la vie embryonnaire sclérose sa situation juridique. La condition pénale de l’enfant avant sa naissance doit évoluer vers une reconnaissance de sa personnalité humaine. Les notions consubstantielles de personne humaine et de dignité sont les outils notionnels au service de la reconnaissance pénale de l’être avant sa naissance. Cette protection pénale de la vie anténatale doit s’organiser parallèlement à la protection pénale de la liberté procréative de la femme. / Social and legal debate, the criminal condition of the unborn child has first centered around the issue of termination of pregnancy. This issue has then found an extension in criminal case-law concerning the involuntary infringement on the life of the unborn child. The criminal situation of the child before his/her birth is characterized by a lack of identification of its status as a victim. The questions about the legal status of the conceived child have also been renewed by the various laws on bioethics and the fate of surplus embryos. Some answers about the indeterminate character of the legal status of the child before his/her birth can be found in the notional confusion which surrounds the notion of person. At the same time, an erroneous analysis of the legislations which allow attempting to damage the embryo’s life block the evolution of its legal status. The criminal condition of the unborn child must tend towards a recognition of his/her human personality. The consubstantial notions of human being and dignity will be the notional tools helping to acknowledge the criminal status of the person before his/her birth. This criminal protection of the pre-birth life must be concomitantly organized with the criminal protection of the liberty of a woman to conceive a child.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-08-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:44:26Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 giuffrida_r_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 417414 bytes, checksum: 8eb3f229c45de0856b5cb7630e7c281a (MD5) / Outros / Para verificar os fatores de risco e a viabilidade de métodos diagnósticos para a campilobacteriose genital bovina (CGB), amostras prepuciais de touros de 102 rebanhos leiteiros de Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, foram avaliadas por testes bacteriológicos, reação da polimerase em cadeia (PCR) e imunofluorescência direta (IFD). Durante a colheita de lavados prepuciais, um questionário sobre desordens reprodutivas nas fêmeas e condições sanitárias foi aplicado aos proprietários das fazendas. As amostras foram plaqueadas em ágar seletivo de Skirrow, ágar Brucella verde brilhante e ágar tioglicolato com 20% do sangue. As características seletivas dos três sistemas da cultura foram comparadas pela avaliação de escores de densidade de contaminantes bacterianos nas placas e a capacidade de suportar diferentes fontes de contaminantes. A PCR foi conduzida usando seqüências dos nucleotídeos que amplificam um fragmento com 835 pares das bases do DNA ribossomal bacteriano. A IFD foi executada usando o conjugado anti-C. fetus subesp. venerealis marcado com isotiocianato de fluoresceína. Resultados positivos foram obtidos para culturas microbianas, PCR e IFD de 7,8% , 5,8% e 1,9% das fazendas, respectivamente. Detectou-se associação significativa entre touros positivos e rebanhos cujas vacas apresentavam taxas de concepção abaixo de 85% (OR=7,6). A concordância entre a PCR e as culturas bacteriológicas foi considerada ótima (Kappa = 0,847), mas foi pobre entre a IFD e os outros testes. Apenas o ágar seletivo de Skirrow não foi influenciado por contaminantes do lavado prepucial. Conclui-se que a CGB está presente em rebanhos leiteiros de Presidente Prudente, onde é associada com os distúrbios reprodutivos. / To verify the risk factors and viability of diagnostic methods for genital bovine campylobacteriosis (GBC), preputial samples from bulls from 102 dairy herds from Presidente Prudente, São Paulo State, were evaluated using bacteriological tests, polymerase chain reation (PCR) and direct immunofluorescence (DFA). During the preputial sampling, some questions were made about female reproductive disorders and sanitary conditions of the farms. The preputial samples were plated in Skirrowþs agar, Brucella Brilliant green agar and Thioglycolate agar with 20% of blood. The selective characteristic of the three systems of culture was compared by the evaluation of bacterial density scores in the plates and for the capacity to support bacterial contaminants of different sources. The PCR was conducted using sequences of nucleotides that amplify a fragment with 835 pairs of bases of the ribossomal DNA. Direct immunofluorescence was performed using anti-C. fetus subesp. venerealis conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Positive results were obtained by microbial cultures, PCR and DFA results of 7,8%, 5,8% and 1,9% of the farms, respectively. Statistical association between positive bulls and low fertility of the herd cows was detected (OR= 7,6). The overall agreement between the PCR and bacteriological cultures was excellent (Kappa = 0,847), but poor between DFA and the other tests. The Skirrowþs media was the only that was not influenced by contaminant characteristics of preputial fluid samples. It is concluded that GBC is present in dairy herds from Presidente Prudente, where was associated with reproductive disturbances.

Campylobacter spp., especially C. jejuni and C. coli, are the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in Europe. There is a recognised need to develop detection tools which can be performed on farms to facilitate reducing the presence of Campylobacter in poultry. A similar application could be beneficial for detection of C. fetus, a veterinary pathogen which causes significant economic loss in the cattle industry. Campylobacter species perform protein N-linked glycosylation and in C. jejuni at least 150 proteins, many of which are surface-exposed, may be modified. Therefore, the first portion of this thesis investigated the feasibility of using N-linked glycans as targets for antibody-based detection of Campylobacter species. To do this, a His-tagged N-glycoprotein was expressed and purified from C. fetus and used as immunogen to raise an antiserum termed CfNgp. The Campylobacter N-glycan reactivity of this antiserum was characterised and it was shown to react with N-glycoproteins and cells of C. fetus and other emerging Campylobacter species such as C. concisus. Immunoblotting techniques and flow cytometry were used to characterise an antiserum (CjNgp) raised against a C. jejuni N-linked glycoprotein and demonstrated that it can specifically detect cells of C. jejuni, C. coli and other emerging Campylobacter species found in poulty. This thesis also describes the investigation of the relatively uncharacterised C. fetus N-linked glycosylation system. Functional analysis of C. fetus predicted glycosyltransferases was acheived by developing glycocompetent E. coli containing a hybrid C. jejuni/C. fetus pgl system. The N-glycan structures biosynthesised were analysed using mass spectrometry and this novel approach discovered the activity of two C. fetus glycosyltransferase enzymes. Finally, this work used a bioinformatics pipeline to produce a C. fetus predicted N-linked glycoproteome and experimentally verified a newly identified N-linked glycoprotein. This pipeline was also applied to investigate the putative conservation of N-linked glycoproteins throughout the Campylobacter genus and highlighted ‘core’ N-linked glycoproteins which are key targets for experimental investigation. Overall, this work demonstrates that Campylobacter N-linked glycans are attractive targets for antibody-based detection, expands our knowledge of C. fetus N-linked glycosylation and contributes to the broader understanding of this intriguing aspect of Campylobacter biology.

Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar as modificações que ocorrem no ovário e no útero de Mini-pôneis prenhes e descrever o desenvolvimento normal do embrião e do feto nos estágios iniciais da gestação. Durante duas estações de monta foram utilizadas 13 éguas mini-pôneis, clinicamente e reprodutivamente sadias, não lactantes com idade variando de 3 a 16 anos. A partir do sexto dia pós-ovulação os animais foram examinados diariamente até o 60º dia, por um operador, através de palpação e exame ultra-sonográfico trans retal para verificar o dia de aparecimento da vesícula embrionária. Após a detecção do embrião realizou-se um teste de acompanhamento da mobilidade com acompanhamento ultra-sonográfico por duas horas por dia até a ocorrência da fixação. O diâmetro da vesícula embrionária, surgimento do embrião, visualização do cordão umbilical, da alantóide, e batimentos cardíacos foram monitorados. Da mesma forma, verificou-se o tônus uterino, o desenvolvimento dos dois maiores folículos e da área e do diâmetro do corpo lúteo. Conclui-se que a égua Mini-pônei apresenta algumas diferenças importantes nos eventos relacionados à gestação que outros eqüídeos de maior porte. Entre eles a maior demora na detecção da vesícula embrionária, uma curva de crescimento da vesícula embrionária mais lenta após os 25 dias de gestação, um maior índice de fixação da vesícula embrionária no corpo uterino, uma detecção mais tardia dos batimentos cardíacos e da alantóide, uma segunda onda folicular após os 48 dias, provavelmente responsável pela formação dos futuros corpos lúteo acessórios. / This study had the objective of showing the changes that happen in the ovary and in the uterus of pregnant Mini-horses and describe the normal develoment of the embryo and fetus during the beginning of the pregnancy. During the period of two breeding seasons, 13 Mini-horses used, they were clinically and reproductivwly healthy, no lactants with ages varying between 3 and 16 years old. After the sith day post ovulation the mares were checked every day to verify the appearance of the embryo vesicule. After detection the pregnancy, a mobility test of the embryo with an ultrasound machine was done, during two hours per day until the day of the fixation. The embryo vesicule diameter, appearance of the embryo, observation of the umbilical cord, of the allantoic, and heart beat were checked. The tonus uterine, development of the two biggest folicules and area and corpus luteos diameter were checked, as well. The conclusion is that the Mini-horse mare has some important differences related to the pregnancy comparing to other horses. One of the differences would be a longer period of the time to detection the embryo vesicule, a slower embryo vesicule growing curve after the 25 day pregnancy, a higher index of embryo vesicule fixing in the uterus body, a late detection of the heart beats and allantoic, a second follicular wave after 48 days, that is probably responsible for the development of accessories corpus luteos in the future.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:45:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 bezerra_mb_dr_jabo.pdf: 930909 bytes, checksum: f1899f875197e48c17afaf824f63cfca (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Objetivou-se testar diferentes protocolos de cultivo in vitro e in vivo de folículos ovarianos pré-antrais de fetos bovinos. Para tanto, um total de 41 ovários de fetos bovinos foram obtidos em matadouro, transportados e utilizados para o cultivo in vitro (n=20) e para o xenotransplante (n=21). Após processados no laboratório em fragmentos entre 0,5 e 1 mm3 foram encaminhados para os cultivos O cultivo in vitro baseou-se em protocolo bem sucedido de cultivo de FOPA em caprinos e testou diferentes fontes de macromoléculas e a utilização do azul de tripan na viabilidade dos tecidos cultivados a uma atmosfera controlada de 5% CO2 em ar, a 38,5°C e nutridos com dMEM (300 mOsm/L, pH 7,2) suplementado com antibióticos, ITS, piruvato de sódio, glutamina, hipoxantina, dAMPc, bFSH e IGF-I. A depender do tratamento, foi adicionado BSA (0,1%) SFB (10%) ou PVA (1%). O cultivo in vivo de FOPA foi executado por xenotransplante sob a cápsula renal num total de 65 camundongas imunodeficientes. Desenvolveu-se uma técnica de biopsia e verificou-se o efeito do tempo de transplante (30, 60 e 30 e 60 dias após o transplante) sobre a percentagem e a viabilidade de FOPA bem como a possível presença de folículos antrais. Num segundo momento, 32 receptoras receberam estímulo hormonal de 10 UI de eCG (n=18) e 10 UI r-hFSH (n=14). Os resultados mostraram que o cultivo com PVA apresentou FOPA normais em percentagem semelhante aos cultivos com BSA e PVA. Quanto ao cultivo por xenotransplante, observou-se o crescimento sucessivo de FOPA até estádios antrais ao longo do tempo de transplante (> 30 dias). O resultado das estimulações exógenas apresentou folículos antrais com oócitos que apresentaram o cumulus expandido em 2/5 (40%) dos oócitos selecionados para MIV de cada um dos tratamentos propostos. Concluindo, FOPA oriundos de fetos bovinos podem ser cultivados por pelo menos 8 dias em PVA... / This study aimed to evaluate different protocols of in vitro and in vivo preantral follicles (PFs) culture from bovine fetus. Thus, a total of 41 fetal bovine ovaries, from a slaughterhouse, were collected and transported at laboratory for in vitro culture (n=20) and for xenotransplantation (n=21), after processing into small cortical pieces measuring between 0,5 and 1mm3 the slices were cultured. The in vitro culture was based on well successful protocol of preantral follicles in caprine and tested different sources of macromolecules and trypan blue viability of cultured tissues cultured at controlled atmosphere (5%CO2 in air, 39°C). The culture medium used was dMEM (300 mOsm/L, pH 7, 2) supplemented with antibiotics, ITS, sodium pyruvate, glutamine, hypoxanthine, dAMPc, bFSH, and IGF-I. Depending of treatment, was added BSA (0,1%), FCS (10%) or PVA (1%). In vivo culture of preantral follicles was carried out by xenotransplantation under renal capsule of immunodeficient females mice (total of 65) that were submitted to a biopsy technique previously developed for tissue collection and to verify the effectiveness of time of transplantation (30, 60 and 30 and 60 days post surgery) under percentage and viability as well as putative growth of PFs to antral follicles. At second stage, 32 recipient mice were submitted to hormonal stimuli with 10 IU of eCG (n=18) and 10 IU of r-hFSH (n=14). The results showed that PVA culture presented normally PF in similar distribution when compared with BSA and PVA culture. Regarding xenotransplantation, successive growth of PF until antral stages was observed belong time of transplantation. Exogenous stimulation presented oocytes with expanded cumulus in 2/5 (40%) of selected oocytes for IVM from each treatment. Conclusively PFs from fetal bovine ovaries can be cultured at PVA at least 8 days and grows until antral stages after xenotransplantation procedures... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar as modificações que ocorrem no ovário e no útero de Mini-pôneis prenhes e descrever o desenvolvimento normal do embrião e do feto nos estágios iniciais da gestação. Durante duas estações de monta foram utilizadas 13 éguas mini-pôneis, clinicamente e reprodutivamente sadias, não lactantes com idade variando de 3 a 16 anos. A partir do sexto dia pós-ovulação os animais foram examinados diariamente até o 60º dia, por um operador, através de palpação e exame ultra-sonográfico trans retal para verificar o dia de aparecimento da vesícula embrionária. Após a detecção do embrião realizou-se um teste de acompanhamento da mobilidade com acompanhamento ultra-sonográfico por duas horas por dia até a ocorrência da fixação. O diâmetro da vesícula embrionária, surgimento do embrião, visualização do cordão umbilical, da alantóide, e batimentos cardíacos foram monitorados. Da mesma forma, verificou-se o tônus uterino, o desenvolvimento dos dois maiores folículos e da área e do diâmetro do corpo lúteo. Conclui-se que a égua Mini-pônei apresenta algumas diferenças importantes nos eventos relacionados à gestação que outros eqüídeos de maior porte. Entre eles a maior demora na detecção da vesícula embrionária, uma curva de crescimento da vesícula embrionária mais lenta após os 25 dias de gestação, um maior índice de fixação da vesícula embrionária no corpo uterino, uma detecção mais tardia dos batimentos cardíacos e da alantóide, uma segunda onda folicular após os 48 dias, provavelmente responsável pela formação dos futuros corpos lúteo acessórios. / This study had the objective of showing the changes that happen in the ovary and in the uterus of pregnant Mini-horses and describe the normal develoment of the embryo and fetus during the beginning of the pregnancy. During the period of two breeding seasons, 13 Mini-horses used, they were clinically and reproductivwly healthy, no lactants with ages varying between 3 and 16 years old. After the sith day post ovulation the mares were checked every day to verify the appearance of the embryo vesicule. After detection the pregnancy, a mobility test of the embryo with an ultrasound machine was done, during two hours per day until the day of the fixation. The embryo vesicule diameter, appearance of the embryo, observation of the umbilical cord, of the allantoic, and heart beat were checked. The tonus uterine, development of the two biggest folicules and area and corpus luteos diameter were checked, as well. The conclusion is that the Mini-horse mare has some important differences related to the pregnancy comparing to other horses. One of the differences would be a longer period of the time to detection the embryo vesicule, a slower embryo vesicule growing curve after the 25 day pregnancy, a higher index of embryo vesicule fixing in the uterus body, a late detection of the heart beats and allantoic, a second follicular wave after 48 days, that is probably responsible for the development of accessories corpus luteos in the future.