No description available.

We have developed a novel method of producing ultra-short channel graphene field effect devices on SiO2 substrates and have studied their electrical transport properties. A nonlinear current behavior is observed coupled with a quasi-saturation effect. An analytical model is developed to explain this behavior using ballistic transport, where the charge carriers experience minimal scattering. We also observe multilevel resistive switching after the device is electrically stressed. In addition, we have studied the evolution of the electrical transport properties of few-layer graphene during electrical breakdown. We are able to significantly increase the time scale of break junction formation, and we are able to observe changes occurring close to breakdown regime. A decrease in conductivity along with p−type doping of the graphene channel is observed as the device is broken. The addition of structural defects generated by thermal stress caused by high current densities is attributed to the observed evolution of electrical properties during the process of breakdown. We have also studied the effects of the local environment on graphene devices. We encapsulate graphene with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) polymer and study the electrical transport through in situ measurements. We have observed an overall decrease in doping level after low-temperature annealing in dry-nitrogen, indicating that the solvent in the polymer plays an important role in doping. For few-layer encapsulated graphene devices, we observe stable n−doping. Applying the solvent onto encapsulated devices demonstrates enhanced hysteretic switching between p and n−doped states.

This thesis demonstrates that graphene produced by liquid-phase exfoliation can be co-deposited with a polymerie semiconductor for the fabrication of thin film field-effect transistors. The introduction of graphene to the n-type polymeric matrix enhances not only the electrical characteristics of the devices, but also the ambipolar behavior and the hole transport in particular. This provides a prospective pathway for the application of graphene composites for logic circuits.The same approach of blending was adopted to enhance the electrical characteristics of an amorphous p-type polymer semiconductor by addition of an unprecedented solution processable ultra-narrow graphene nanoribbon. GNRs form percolation pathway for the charges resulting in enhanced deviee performance in daras weil as under illumination therefore paving the way for applications in (opto)electronics.Finally, multifunctional photoresponsive devices were examined by introducing photochromic molecules exposing different substituents into small molecule or polymeric semiconductor films that were found to affect the photoswitching behavior.

1998 publizierten die Arbeitsgruppen von S. J. Tans und R. Martel die Herstellung des Prototypen eines Kohlenstoffnanoröhren Feldeffekttransistors. Dabei bilden halbleitende Kohlenstoffnanoröhren den aktiven, feldgesteuerten Bereich des Transistors. Aufgrund der herausragenden Eigenschaften der Kohlenstoffnanoröhren wurde den Bauelementen ein großes Anwendungspotential in Halbleiterindustrie und Sensorik vorhergesagt. Dass die Verwendung von Kohlenstoffnanoröhren in der Industrie heute hinter den Erwartungen zurückbleibt, liegt vor allem an den Problemen bei der Sortierung und Integration der Kohlenstoffnanoröhren: Trotz intensiver Bemühungen entsteht bei der Synthese eine Mischung aus halbleitenden und metallischen Kohlenstoffnanoröhren. Eine postsynthetische Separation der Spezies ist daher notwendig. In dieser Arbeit wurden verschiedene Wege zur Separation der Kohlenstoffnanoröhren in eine halbleitende und metallische Fraktion verfolgt: (i) Die Dichtegradientenzentrifugation differenziert zwischen unterschiedlichen Schwimmdichten der Kohlenstoffnanoröhren in einer Lösung mit einem Dichtegradienten. Durch die selektive Assemblierung unterschiedlich polarisierbarer Tenside werden Dichteunterschiede zwischen den halbleitenden und metallischen Röhren hergestellt. In einem Zwei-Schritt-Verfahren konnte so eine hohe Reinheit an halbleitenden Kohlenstoffnanoröhren erzielt werden. (ii) Die dielektrophoretische Auftrennung der Kohlenstoffnanoröhren erfolgt aufgrund von Unterschieden in der Polarität und der Leitfähigkeit der metallischen und halbleitenden Spezies. Durch die Wahl des Tensidsystems können dabei die Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Spezies verstärkt und somit die Sortierung effizienter gestaltet werden. Die Erfahrungen mit statischen Dielektrophorese-Experimenten wurden in ein kontinuierliches mikrofluidisches System übertragen. Damit eröffnet sich die Möglichkeit der Separation der Kohlenstoffnanoröhren im größeren Maßstab. Im Anschluss an die Sortierung ist ein Prozess notwendig, der die parallele Integration vieler Kohlenstoffnanoröhren in mikroelektronische Strukturen auf einem Wafer ermöglicht. Die Dielektrophorese erlaubt die ortsspezische parallele Assemblierung der Kohlenstoffnanoröhren in vorgefertigte Strukturen. Damit können auf Waferebene Kohlenstoffnanoröhren-Feldeffekttransistoren aufgebaut werden. In dieser Arbeit kann gezeigt werden, dass mit der Integration sortierter halbleitender Röhren die übliche selektive Zerstörung metallischer Strompfade überflüssig ist. Im letzten Teil dieser Arbeit soll der aufgebaute Kohlenstoffnanoröhren-Feldeffekttransistor für einen zukünftigen Einsatz als membranbasierter Biosensor modifiziert werden. Dafür wird eine Doppellipidschicht über den Kohlenstoffnanoröhren assembliert werden, welche als Modell für eine Biomembran dient. Es werden erste Messungen in Flüssigkeit gezeigt und die Interaktion der Lipidmoleküle mit den dispergierten Kohlenstoffnanoröhren charakterisiert.

Reliability of sub-micron analog circuits is directly related to impact ionization and the subsequent changes in threshold voltage and drain current of n-MOSFET devices. This thesis presents theory of the hot-electron effects on the device characteristics and circuit performance, explores several approaches to improve performance at both the device and circuit level, and finally shows a new composite n-MOSFET device which significantly suppresses substrate current - an indication of hot-electron degradation. By using the composite device in the output gain stage of a CMOS differential amplifier with 1p.m technology, the normalized substrate current of the n-channel device is reduced by eight orders of magnitude for a sloping input waveform. The reduction in device substrate current is achieved at the cost of increased area and reduced frequency response. Replacing conventional n-channel devices with composite n-MOSFETs provides a simple way to improve device and circuit reliability without modification of the device structure and/or fabrication process. / Graduation date: 1993

Thesis (MEng)--University of South Australia, 1997

This thesis describes the development and demonstration of a new technique for the fabrication of well-defined quantum dots in a bulk silicon substrate, for potential applications such as quantum computation in coupled quantum dots. Hall characterisation was performed on double-gated mesaMetal-Oxide- Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate, for the purpose of silicon quantum dots in etched nanowires on SOI. Carrier density and mobility results are presented, demonstrating top- and backgate control over the two inversion layers created at the upper and lower surfaces of the superficial silicon mesa. A new technique is developed enabling effective depletion gating of quantum dots in a bulk silicon substrate. A lower layer of aluminium gates is defined using electron beam lithography; the surface of these gates is oxidised using a plasma oxidation technique; and a further layer of aluminium gates is deposited. The lower gates form tunable tunnel barriers in the narrow inversion layer channel created by the upper MOSFET gate. The two layers of gates are electrically isolated by the localised layer of aluminium oxide. Low-temperature transport spectroscopy has been performed in both the many electron (∼100 electrons) and the few electron (∼10 electrons) regimes.Excited states in the bias spectroscopy provide evidence of quantum confinement. Preliminary temperature and magnetic field dependence data are presented. These results demonstrate that depletion gates are an effective technique for defining quantum dots in silicon. Furthermore, the demonstration of the first silicon radio-frequency single electron transistor is reported. The island is again defined by electrostatically tunable tunnel barriers in a narrow channel field effect transistor. Charge sensitivities of better than 10μe/√Hz are demonstrated at MHz bandwidth. These results establish that silicon may be used to fabricate fast, sensitive electrometers.

Bibliography: p. 269-276. / xxx, 306 p. : ill. ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / The main objective of this thesis is to create a significant advance in the area of solid-state imaging via the research of an image sensor that can be ultimately integrated with high-speed gallium arsenide (GaAs) processing circuitry on a common substrate chip. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 1997

Proefschr. Rijksuniversiteit Groningen. / Met lit.opg.-Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University, 2002. / Adviser: Jamal Deen. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via World Wide Web.