Edizione e commento della raccolta di miracoli mariani denominata "Libro del Naufragio" secondo la lezione del ms Firenez, Laurenziana, Ashburham 546

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The dissertation is divided into two parts: the first synthesis focused on the definition of the epigram scoptico imperial age, the second analysis concerns the study of the minor poets of Book XI. In the Introduction (I), the attention focuses on the genesis of imperial scoptic epigram: here you try to draw a picture of the satirical Greek literature before the middle of the century AD to identify the debts of the scoptic epigram, especially Lucillius’, in respect of previous authors (from the Middle-up comedy to epigrams of the Crown of Philip), and to emphasize the remoteness of this literary phenomenon from other experiences of ironic and satirical poetry (Catullus). In the chapter on the Themes (II), the study was limited to professional groups and those most targeted (doctors, grammarians, etc..), to that particular type represented by the satire on ethnic groups. The study of minor poets is necessarily preceded by a general discussion on the authors most representative of the greek satiric poetry: Lucillius, Ammianus, Nicarchus and Palladas (III). All the minor poets of the eleventh book, which you can not provide a date, have been regarded by scholars as the ‘poets of Diogenian’: the chapter on Anthologion of Diogenian (IV), which is undergoing critical to the existence (assumed but never proven) of the lost source of Book XI, therefore, serves as an introduction to the commentary of the authors required minors. During the discussion they are not qualified as poets ‘poets of Diogenian’, but are divided into two categories: those included in the string of alphabetically ordered AP XI 388-436 (V), and those who are not part of (VI). Finally, a separate chapter (VII) is devoted to the age-old question of epigrams assigned to Lucian, both in the string of alphabetically ordered epigrams, as well as outside it.

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The purpose of this thesis is to show that Vico had the constant aim, remained unaltered in time, to support the usefulness of Rhetoric. The awareness of the strength acquired by the “anti-rhetorical” movements, particularly by the Cartesians and the Logicians from Port-Royal, obliged Vico to elaborate some strategies and counter-moves that, little by little, became more and more complex and refined, till they inspired his main work, The New Science. By taking into consideration the most significant aspects of Vico’s speculation (topic, tropes, the formation of language, the development of human thought, the new conception of philology ), this work shows that they are part of a strategy worked out by the Neapolitan philosopher, in order to demonstrate the validity, the usefulness and the modernity of Rhetoric. Every aspect of Vico’s thought reaches its peak when Vico formulates his theory about myths, which he interprets as an expression of the primitive man’s necessities and demands. The point of view expressed by this doctorate thesis emphasizes that, despite the inevitable modifications that have taken place through the centuries, Vico’s thought keeps its substantial unity. So those subjects that critical literature tends to separate are, in reality, linked and unified.

Le vesti e le insegne degli imperatori nonché degli alti dignitari, sono ornate e “appesantite” da pietre preziose, lì disposte non a caso. Esse spesso divengono emblemi dei personaggi che le portano e offrono loro virtù e qualità che spesso si ricollegano anche a caratteristiche di alto valore ideologico. Già dai tempi pre-biblici le pietre sono considerate creature vive, messe in corrispondenza con gli astri, secondo la dottrina della simpathia. Questa concezione perdura anche nel Medioevo: infatti, nei vari lapidari vi sono pietre capaci di generare, e pietre “incinte”; esistono pietre dalle virtù talismaniche e taumaturgiche; altre guariscono, allontanano i mali, ottengono il favore dei potenti, consentono di portare a felice compimento tutto quel che si intraprende; rendono eloquenti, simpatici, graditi. Tornando all’ambito imperiale, l’imperatore per governare deve manifestare qualità che vengono condivise anche da Dio, quali la filantrophia, l’eunomia; rispettare la taxis; essere capace di autocontrollo; mostrare pietà; essere filocristos, vittorioso, misericordioso; essere temperante e giusto. Alcune di queste qualità gli vengono offerte anche dall’uso delle pietre preziose; così ad esempio il diamante dà forza e coraggio: preserva l’integrità del carattere e la buona fede; il rubino allude alla fiamma della carità; lo zaffiro è simbolo della ricchezza e dei cieli, custode dell’innocenza e della verità; lo smeraldo è anche esso simbolo della fede e allude simbolicamente alla capacità di intuire e trasmettere il messaggio divino propria del personaggio che ne è adornato. Le fonti prese in esame anche se vengono separate da un’arco di tempo grande e non rispecchiano un limite cronologico fisso, neccessario per ogni ricerca, tuttavia permettono di delineare il percorso evolutivo delle virtù delle gemme attraverso i secoli; e quindi di avere un’ idea molto più chiara sulla concezione delle pietre stesse, e su come, col passare degli anni, queste virtù si evolvono o svaniscono.

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