Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-06-27T17:06:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Dannúbia Ribeiro Pires (PPGECAM_CAA).pdf: 1569346 bytes, checksum: de291d5949502da801c8fef00fcf2b43 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T17:06:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação - Dannúbia Ribeiro Pires (PPGECAM_CAA).pdf: 1569346 bytes, checksum: de291d5949502da801c8fef00fcf2b43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-15 / Facepe / A grande demanda de cinza de algaroba gerada nas lavanderias pertencentes ao APL de Pernambuco e sua constituição química prioritária de carbonato de cálcio, caracterizando seu efeito filler, impulsionaram a verificação do comportamento do sistema cimentício quando da substituição do cimento pela cinza nas argamassas de revestimento. O objetivo deste trabalho é utilizar o resíduo, atualmente descartado no ambiente, em materiais cimentícios, de modo a contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável, reduzindo o impacto produzido pelo armazenamento e descarte inadequado. Além disso, pretende-se contribuir para a redução da emissão de CO2 causada pelas indústrias cimenteiras e minimizar os custos dos produtos com cimento Portland. Neste trabalho, foi avaliada a influência da substituição do cimento Portland em diferentes porcentagens (0%, 5%, 10% e 20%) nas propriedades nos estados fresco e endurecido das argamassas, aplicando no traço (1-X):2:X:9 (cimento: cal: cinza: areia), em volume, comumente utilizado para emboço e argamassa de assentamento em obras da região. A cinza foi caracterizada física e quimicamente. As propriedades analisadas no estado fresco foram: reologia das argamassas (reometria de mistura, de cisalhamento e compressiva - squezze flow), densidade de massa e teor de ar incorporado e aderência inicial das argamassas no substrato; e no estado endurecido foram: resistência à tração por compressão diametral, resistência potencial de aderência à tração, módulo de elasticidade dinâmico, porosidade e permeabilidade. De acordo com os resultados obtidos nesta pesquisa, a presença da cinza favoreceu, em todas as porcentagens estudadas, a redução no teor de água de amassamento, mantendo a trabalhabilidade das argamassas. As argamassas com teores de 5% de cinza preservam as propriedades do sistema compatíveis com as propriedades da argamassa de referência. Porém, até 10% é possível a introdução deste resíduo, em substituição ao cimento, sem prejuízos aos sistemas cimentícios, proporcionando alterações mínimas em relação à argamassa de referência, sendo promissor o uso desse resíduo em materiais cimentícios. / There is a considerable production of algaroba wood ash in the laundries of the local productive arrangement on the clothing industry in the Agreste Region of Pernambuco. It is possible to apply it as filler due to its mainly chemical constitution as calcium carbonate. Based on these facts, it was evaluated the mortars behaviour when cement is partial replaced by algaroba ashes. This work objectives reuse this residue, currently discarded in the environment, in cementitious materials. In this way, it contributes to the sustainable development by reducing the impact by storage and improper disposal. Moreover, it is intended contributes to reducing CO2 emissions caused by cement industries and minimize the costs of products with Portland cement. This study investigates the influence of the gradual replacement of cement by algaroba ash (0%, 5%, 10% and 20%). It was evaluated the properties of mortars in fresh and hardened states. The mix by volume (1-X):2:X:9 (cement, lime, ash, sand) was studied, taking into account that these alternative mortars can be applied on regional building sites as rendering plaster and laying mortar. The ashes were characterized physically and chemically. It was carried out in the fresh state: rheology of mortars (mixture, compressive and shear rheometers - squeeze flow), mass density, a content of entrained air and initial adherence of the mortars to the substrate; and in the hardened state: diametrical traction, potential adherence, dynamic modulus of elasticity, porosity and permeability. The results indicate that the presence of the ashes decreases the quantity of mixing water required to keep the workability of the mortars, regardless the content of cement replacement content by algaroba ash. The mortar with 5% ash content preserving system properties compatible with the properties of the reference mortar. However, it is possible to partial substitute the cement by algaroba ash until 10% in the studied mortars, when comparing to the reference system, algaroba ashes are a promising material to incorporate in a cementitious system.

The diploma thesis is focused on evaluation of properties of fine aggregate by means of laboratory tests. Fine aggregate evaluation was performed using sieving test, laser diffraction, delta ring and ball test, bitumen number test, uncompacted void content of fine aggregate according to AASHTO T 304, voids of dry compacted filler (Rigden) test and particle density of filler. Laboratory research has led to the discovery of some properties of fine aggregate and their dependencies.

No description available.

No description available.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o comportamento à fadiga de algumas misturas asfálticas, à luz de resultados de ensaios de fadiga por compressão diametral à tensão controlada, considerando-se a variação de quatro fatores: tipo de agregado, tipo de ligante, tipo de moldagem e tipo de filler. Todos os corpos-de-prova foram moldados na mesma faixa granulométrica (centro da faixa C do DNER ), segundo os procedimentos dos métodos Marshall, ASTM D 4867 ou AASHTO T 283, variando o tipo de agregado (basalto, granito e gabro), tipo de ligante (CAP 20 e CAP 40) e o tipo de material de preenchimento (cal hidratada). São apresentados resultados dos ensaios de resistência à tração por compressão diametral, módulo de resiliência e de fadiga. Os modelos de fadiga são apresentados em função das diferenças de tensões e deformações. Para avaliar o desempenho relativo das misturas em serviço, foram simuladas três estruturas de pavimentos com a ajuda do programa ELSYM5, para as quais foram determinadas as tensões e deformações atuantes que foram utilizadas nos modelos de fadiga para que todas as misturas fossem avaliadas sob o mesmo referencial. Os resultados indicam que em relação ao tipo de moldagem, as misturas moldadas pelo método da AASHTO T 283 apresentaram melhor desempenho (maior vida de fadiga), sendo que a maioria das misturas moldadas com CAP 40 apresentou um desempenho melhor que as moldadas com CAP 20. Com relação ao tipo de agregado os materiais gábricos apresentaram o melhor desempenho, seguidos pelos basálticos e graníticos. As misturas moldadas com cal hidratada como filler também apresentaram melhor desempenho à fadiga. / The purpose of this research is to evaluate the fatigue behavior of some asphalt mixtures, by means of indirect tests with controlled stress, considering the variation of four factors: aggregate type, asphalt type, molded type and filler type. The specimens was molded in same gradation (center of DNER C gradation), according to Marshall, ASTM D 4867 or AASHTO T 283 design method, with the variation of three aggregates (basaltic, granite and gabbro), two asphalt (CAP 20 and CAP 40) and the presence of lime. Tests results of indirect tensile strength, resilient modulus and fatigue are presented. The fatigue models are constructed as a function of the differences of stress and strain. The fatigue behavior of asphalt mixtures was evaluated based on three structures which the stress and strains was estimated with aid of ELSYM5 program. The tests results indicated that all mixtures molded with AASHTO T 283 design method presented higher fatigue life than the other ones, and almost all asphalt mixtures molded with CAP 40 presented higher fatigue life than mixtures molded with CAP 20. Considering the type of aggregate, the specimens molded with gabbro presented higher fatigue life than basaltic and granite. The mixtures molded with presence of lime presented an increase in fatigue life.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:37:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chrystianne Rocha.pdf: 2924776 bytes, checksum: a1d74db138a8b87f0518f3a6ef67c404 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-07 / This master thesis presents the proposal of assigning the cognitive ability to a gap filler. Differently from the usual repeaters found on the market, the adaptive gap filler is able to automatically monitor tuned channels with the intention of verifying if the protection ratio described in Resolution nº398 from Anatel is being respected. Spectrum sensing techniques and the concepts related to coverage area will be addressed. Tests were carried out on the Matlab and GNU Radio Software with the purpose of analyzing the adaptive gap filler performance on real channels. / Este trabalho apresenta a proposta de atribuir ao gap filler a capacidade cognitiva . Diferentemente dos repetidores encontrados no mercado, o gap filler adaptativo tem como função monitorar, de forma autônoma, os canais sintonizados para verificar se a relação de proteção descrita na Resolução nº 398 da Anatel está sendo respeitada. Como fundamentos dessa proposta são abordadas as técnicas de sensoriamento do espectro e os conceitos relacionados às áreas de cobertura. Em uma abordagem prática, os testes foram desenvolvidos no Matlab e no GNU Radio, em que se analisa a atuação do gap filler adaptativo em canais reais.

Le travail présenté dans le manuscrit concerne la conception d'un dispositif médical de classe III pour des applications en ingénierie tissulaire du derme et du disque intervertébral.Il s'agit d'une solution aqueuse de chitosane, stérilisée par autoclave, et dont le pH et l'osmolarité ont été ajustés selon un procédé de dialyse classique. Cette solution possède des propriétés de gélification in situ innovantes, ce qui lui confère de très bonnes propriétés mécaniques quelques minutes après l'injection, sans l'utilisation d'agents de réticulation mais de façon modulable en fonction de la concentration en polymère. De plus, cette solution possède une bonne injectabilité favorisant le développement d'une technique d'implantation mini-invasive pour la régénération du derme et du disque intervertébral. Un critère de performance rhéologique a notamment été mis au point afin de relier l'injectabilité aux propriétés mécaniques de l'injectât (dermal filler).Les propriétés mécaniques de l'injectât gélifié doivent être comparables au tissu natif en particulier pour le dermal filler mais aussi pour le disque intervertébral. Le comportement mécanique viscoélastique du disque intervertébral a été évalué par des essais de relaxation de contraintes et modélisé avec un modèle de Maxwell solide à trois branches. Ces essais ont été conduits sur des disques sains, ayant subi une altération de structure (fenestration) et après l'injection de biopolymères.La solution de chitosane a été injectée (i) dans le tissu cutané de deux modèles animaux : le porc et le rat et (ii) dans le disque intervertébral de deux modèles animaux : le porc et le lapin. La biocompatibilité ainsi que la réponse biologique de solutions/gels physique de chitosane in vivo ont été validées pour tous ces modèles animaux / This work deals with the conception of a class III medical device for applications in tissue engineering of dermis and intervertebral disc.This device consists in an aqueous chitosan solution, sterilized by autoclaving, with pH and osmolality adjusted by a dialysis process. This chitosan solution shows in situ gelation ability with a post-injection increase of mechanical properties. This feature is related to polymer concentration, gelation time, and is performed without external cross-linking agent. In addition, the solution exhibits a good injectability allowing the development of minimally invasive techniques to treat dermis and intervertebral disc diseases. A rheological performance criterion was defined linking injectability to mechanical properties of the implant (dermal filler).Mechanical properties of gel implant formed in contact with body fluids, in situ, have to be similar to that of native tissues. The viscoelastic behavior characterization of intervertebral disc was performed using stress relaxation and was modeled using a generalized solid Maxwell model (composed of three Maxwell elements). The tests were performed on healthy disc, fenestrated discs and after biopolymers injection.Chitosan solutions were injected into (i) porcine and rat cutaneous tissue and (ii) porcine and rabbit intervertebral discs. The biocompatibility and biofunctionality of chitosan solutions and physical hydrogels was evidenced in vivo for all animals

Les matériaux pouzzolaniques sont utilisés depuis longtemps comme charge minérale dans le béton pour atteindre des avantages économiques ou techniques. Parmi ces matériaux, on rencontre la fumée de silice (FS) qui améliore les propriétés mécaniques et la durabilité des bétons. Néanmoins ce matériau présente des inconvénients tels que coûts élevés et approvisionnements irréguliers de la FS. En raison de l’évolution de la science et de la technologie des nanos, diverses formes de silice amorphe nanométrique sont devenues disponibles. Et c’est dans cette perspective que le choix de notre étude s’est porté sur les nanopoudres de verre (SGP) obtenues par sphéroïdisation du verre recyclé qui leur confère une surface spécifique plus élevée par rapport aux matériaux à l’échelle micrométrique et leur procure une plus grande réactivité pouzzolanique et un effet nano filler. Il est connu que les charges minérales sous forme de fines poudres créent des agglomérats. Pour contrer ce phénomène d’agglomération, objet de notre étude, des modifications de la surface des SGP ont été réalisées par attaque à l’acide sulfurique et greffage au polyéthylène glycol (PEG). Nos travaux ont porté dans un premier temps sur la caractérisation des SGP, SGP-acidifiées (SGP-A) et SGP-Pégylinisées (SGP-P) et dans un deuxième temps, sur l’exploitation des effets des SGP, SGP-A et SGP-P sur l’hydratation du ciment et leurs comparaisons aux résultats obtenus par l’incorporation de FS. Les études sur coulis nous ont permis de déterminer l’évolution de leur étalement en fonction du mode d’incorporation (addition ou remplacement), du type d’ajouts et aussi d’évaluer leurs demandes en eau et en superplastifiants. Les essais sur pâtes ont permis d’examiner leurs vitesses d’hydratation, déterminer la chaleur dégagée lors de cette hydratation et suivre l’activité pouzzolanique des ajouts cimentaires en mesurant la portlandite résiduelle. Les essais sur mortiers et bétons ont permis de déterminer l’effet des différents ajouts sur les propriétés aux états frais et durci. Les résultats expérimentaux de notre étude révèlent que : L’effet dispersant du superplastifiant PNS sur les nanopoudres de verre est meilleur que celui du PC. Les traitements chimiques des surfaces des nanopoudres de verre, contribuent à leurs défloculations. Les nanopoudres de verre améliorent la fluidité des systèmes cimentaires étudiés comparativement à celle de la fumée de silice même en absence de superplastifiant. L’addition des nanopoudres de verre est bénéfique pour l’accélération de l’hydratation du ciment par rapport à celle de la fumée de silice. À jeune âge, le remplacement du ciment par 10% en nanopoudres de verre accélère la réactivité pouzzolanique comparée à celle de la fumée de silice et du contrôle, mais à âge plus avancé les nanopoudres de verre ont une activité pouzzolanique lente. Les nanopoudres de verre en présence de superplastifiant PNS développent des résistances en compression supérieures à celle de la fumée de silice à jeune âge.

Understanding, and ultimately, predicting the degradation of bioresorbable composites made of biodegradable polyesters and calcium-based ceramics is paramount in order to fully unlock the potential of these materials, which are heavily used in orthopaedic applications and also being considered for stents. A modelling framework which characterises the degradation of bioresorbable composites was generated by generalising a computational model previously reported in literature. The framework uses mathematical expressions to represent the interwoven phenomena present during degradation. Three ceramic-specific models were then created by particularising the framework for three common calcium-based fillers, namely tricalcium phosphate (TCP), hydroxyapatite (HA) and calcium carbonate (CC). In these models, the degradation of a bioresorbable composite is described with four parameters: the non-catalytic and auto-catalytic polymer degradation rates, $k_1$ and $k_2'$ respectively and the ceramic dissolution rate and exponent, $A_\text{d}$ and $\theta$ respectively. A comprehensive data mining exercise was carried out by surveying the existing literature in order to obtain quantitative degradation data for bioresorbable composites containing TCP, HA and CC. This resulted in a database with a variety of case studies. Subsequently, each case study was analysed using the corresponding ceramic-specific model returning a set of values for the four degradation constants. Both cases with agreement and disagreement between model prediction and experimental data were studied. 76% of the 107 analysed case studies displayed the expected behaviour. In general terms, the analysis of the harvested data with the models showed that a wide range of degradation behaviours can be attained using different polymeric matrix - ceramic filler combinations. Furthermore, the existence of discrepancies in degradation behaviour between a priori similar bioresorbable composites became apparent, highlighting the high number of hidden factors affecting composite degradation such as polymer tacticity or ceramic impurities. The analysis of the case studies also highlighted that the ceramic dissolution rate needed to depict the portrayed degradation behaviours is significantly higher than that reported for ceramics alone in dissolution studies under physiological conditions, indicating that studies of the filler elements alone do not provide a complete picture. Lastly, the computational analysis provided insight into the complex influence of factors such as sample porosity and degradation protocol in the degradation behaviour. In addition to the computational analysis of literature data, an experimental degradation study was carried out with nanocomposites made of calcium carbonate and poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide). This study showed the existence of a clear buering effect with the addition of the ceramic filler and confirmed the assumptions employed in the modelling framework in this particular bioresorbable composite. The detailed nature and modest size of these data enabled a more precise and thorough analysis using the CC composites degradation model. In summary, the modelling framework is able to capture the main degradation behaviour of bioresorbable composites and also point to factors responsible for dissimilar behaviours. The degradation maps generated with the values of $k_1$, $k_2'$, $A_\text{d}$ and $\theta$ output by the models appear to be a good tool to summarise, classify and facilitate the analysis and search of specific bioresorbable composites.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:08:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Final Jose Franscisco Aleixo.pdf: 1908001 bytes, checksum: 5ea92de56dd8b0e71294182c17554323 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-18 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / This paper has the objective of generating alternatives for the local paving, with the utilization of regional and non-conventional material in the asphaltic mixture, replacing the traditional elements. In order to do so, the sludge, which is a residue generated in the Estação de Tratamento de Água-ETA (Water Treatment Station WTS), at Ismael s Creek (Ponta do Isamel), in Manaus City, the responsible for the water treatment from the Negro River, which provides water for Manaus City. Nowadays, these residues are casted in the Franco s Igarapé (Franco s River), entailing losses to the environment. The ETA residue was utilized as a filler in the heated-machined asphaltic concrete CBUQ, replacing the region s traditionally used material, the Portland cement. A comparative analysis between the bituminous, conventional and alternative mixtures was made, with the two kinds of fillets, utilizing the same tenor of CAP-50/70. CBUQ bodies were molded and analyzed the results concerning the Marshall stability, flow at 60 0C static uniaxial and diametral compression, resilient modulus and fatigue life of all at 25 0C. The test results show adequate performance of the mixture made with mud as fillers, compared to the conventional mix, made with Portland cement. / O concreto betuminoso usinado a quente é uma mistura constituída de agregado graúdo, agregado miúdo, material de enchimento (fíler) e ligante betuminoso, misturados a quente em usina apropriada, devendo ser espalhados e comprimidos a quente. O revestimento de concreto betuminoso consiste de uma ou mais camadas, construídas sobre uma base devidamente preparada para o seu recebimento. Este trabalho tem por objetivo gerar alternativas para a pavimentação local, com a utilização de materiais regionais e não convencionais na mistura asfáltica, em substituição aos elementos tradicionais. Para tanto, utilizou-se o lodo, resíduo gerado na Estação de Tratamento de Água ETA, da Ponta do Ismael, na cidade de Manaus/AM, responsável pelo tratamento da água do rio Negro, que abastece a cidade de Manaus. Atualmente, estes resíduos são lançados no igarapé do Franco,ocasionando prejuízos ao meio ambiente. O resíduo da ETA foi utilizado como fíler no concreto asfáltico usinado a quente CBUQ, em substituição ao material tradicionalmente usado nesta região, ou seja, o cimento Portland. Foi feita uma análise comparativa entre as misturas betuminosas, convencional e alternativa, com os dois tipos de fíleres, utilizando o mesmo teor ótimo da mistura com o CAP-50/70. Foram moldados corpos de prova de CBUQ e analisados os resultados concernentes à estabilidade Marshall, fluência a 60 0C e compressão diametral uniaxial estática, módulo de resiliência e vida de fadiga, todos a 25 0C. Os resultados dos ensaios mostram desempenho adequado da mistura confeccionada com o lodo como fíler, comparado à mistura convencional, confeccionada com cimento Portland.