nÃo hà / Este trabalho tem por finalidade avaliar o comportamento das despesas sociais em relaÃÃo ao crescimento dos indicadores sociais nos municÃpios nordestinos no perÃodo de 1991- 2000. Para tanto, as variÃveis foram agrupadas em trÃs modelos. No primeiro modelo, como variÃvel dependente o IDH-M dos municÃpios foi comparado com os determinantes de despesas sociais, Produto Interno Bruto e orientaÃÃo partidÃria dos municÃpios analisados. No segundo, as variÃveis determinantes foram comparadas ao Ãndice de pobreza. Por Ãltimo, foi verificado o impacto destas variÃveis ao Ãndice GINI de desigualdade. De posse dos dados, foram realizadas estimaÃÃes economÃtrica para os 9 estados do nordeste. Os resultados obtidos mostram que: i) as despesas sociais, em geral, melhoram as condiÃÃes de vida da populaÃÃo; ii) hà uma forte influÃncia das despesas na reduÃÃo da pobreza; iii) os dispÃndios municipais elevam as desigualdades da populaÃÃo. / This work has the objective of evaluating the behavior of social expenses related to the rising of social indicators in northeastern cities in the period between 1991-2000.For that,the variables were put together in 3 different models .In the first model the dependent variable called IDH-M of those cities was compared to social expenses, the intern gross product and the political orientation of the researched cities. In the second one these variables were compared to the poverty index. And for last, it was verified the analysis of those variables to the GINI index of social unevenness. With all the data It was possible to make econometric estimative for the other 9 states of the northeast of Brazil. The obtained results showed that: i: The social expenses improve the life conditions of the population; ii: There is a strong influence of the expenses in the decrease of poverty; iii: The city expenses elevate the social gap.

The research problem this study seeks to address is that confusion exists regarding the nature, management and organisation of financial communication. Six objectives guide the research efforts. Theoretical perspectives surrounding investor relations, public relations and accounting are used to describe the current approach to financial communication (Objective 1). Two main shortcomings of the current approach are identified (Objective 2): - a lack of integration in the management and organisation of financial communication; and - a narrow focus on communication with the financial community alone. This leads to Objective 3 (theoretical justification for an inclusive approach to financial communication). Perspectives from the corporate governance, corporate social responsibility, stakeholder and public relations as relationship management literature are used to prove that organisations need to engage in financial communication with all relevant stakeholders, not only "financial" stakeholders. In order to achieve Objective 4, the theoretical perspectives mentioned above are used to develop a conceptual model for an inclusive and integrated approach to financial communication. The model provides a point of departure for future research. The empirical component of the study supplements the theoretical component. Quantitative, exploratory survey research is done to establish whether a number of South African companies listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange follow an inclusive and integrated approach to financial communication (Objective 5). The main conclusions are: - that there are indications of an inclusive approach to financial communication, although respondents varied in their opinions; and - that there are indications of an integrated approach to financial communication, although the majority of respondents indicated that a single department takes responsibility for financial communication. Similarities and differences between the results of this study and those of studies conducted previously in the USA, United Kingdom and Europe, are also identified (Objective 6). Finally, the limitations of both the theoretical and empirical components are used to formulate recommendations for future research. It is recommended that future efforts concentrate on the contributions that disciplines such as marketing, law, economics and financial management can make to financial communication. The research strategy (qualitative or quantitative) also needs to be carefully considered. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Communication Management / MCom / Unrestricted

L’attention portée par le juge financier aux marchés publics locaux n’est pas nouvelle. Auparavant, avant la création des chambres régionales des comptes en 1982, le contrôle financier des marchés publics locaux était partagé entre la cour des comptes et les trésoriers-payeurs généraux. Mais le système adopté en 1938 était critiqué car le t.p.g. réunissait les deux qualités d’agent de contrôle et de responsable subsidiaire des irrégularités qu’il découvrait. Ce système n’apparaissait plus compatible avec les principes introduits par la loi de décentralisation du 2 mars 1982 qui créa les CRC auxquelles était transféré le contrôle des marchés publics locaux. En 1982, trois missions traditionnelles avaient été confiées aux CRC dans le domaine des marchés publics: le jugement des comptes, l’examen de la gestion et le contrôle budgétaire. Á la suite d’une réforme législative opérée par la loi du 6 février 1992, une quatrième attribution leur avait été confiée : l’examen des conventions relatives aux marchés publics et aux dsp. Longtemps, les magistrats financiers, faute de temps et de moyens ont toujours privilégié le contrôle de la régularité de la passation et de l’exécution des marchés publics au détriment du contrôle de leur qualité (efficacité). Pour s’adapter à la nouvelle dynamique de la gestion publique locale, les magistrats des CRC se rapprochent, aujourd’hui, des méthodes anglo-saxonnes qui analysent la qualité de la gestion au travers de trois critères, dits des « trois e » : économie, efficience et efficacité. Si le contrôle de la régularité des marchés publics reste indispensable, il doit désormais être associé au contrôle de la performance et des résultats. / The attention paid by financial justice to local public markets is not new. previously, before the creation of the regional audit chambers in 1982, financial control of local procurement was shared between the court of auditors and the general paying treasurers. But the system adopted in 1938 was criticized because the t.p.g. brought together the two qualities of agent control and subsidiary responsible for the irregularities he discovered. This system appeared more consistent with the principles introduced by the law of decentralization of march 2, 1982, who created the CRC which was taken in the control of the local procurement. In 1982, three traditional missions had been entrusted to the CRC in the area of public procurement: judgment of auditors, review of the management and budgetary control. following a legislative reform made by the law of february 6, 1992, a fourth allocation had been assigned: examination of the conventions relating to public procurement and the dsp. Long, financial magistrates, for lack of time and means have always favored control of the regularity of procurement and enforcement of public procurement at the expense of their quality (effectiveness) control. To adapt to the new dynamics of the local public management, the magistrates of the CRC are approaching, today, anglo-saxon methods that analyze the quality of management through three criteria, so-called "triple-e": economy, efficiency and effectiveness. If control of the regularity of public procurement remains indispensable, it must now be associated with the control of performance and results.