Small-scale fisheries are learning contexts of importance for generating, transferring, and updating ecological knowledge of natural environments through everyday work practices. The rich knowledge fishers have of local ecosystems is the result of the intimate relationship fishing communities have had with their natural environments across generations (see e.g. Urquhart and Acott 2013). This relationship develops strong emotional bonds to the physical and social place. For fishing communities and fishers – who depend directly on local ecosystems to maintain their livelihoods – fishing environments are natural places for living, working and defining themselves. Previous research on fishers’ ecological knowledge has mainly been descriptive, i.e., has focused on aspects such as reproduction, nutrition and spatial-temporal distribution and population dynamics, from a traditional view of knowledge that only recognises scientific knowledge as the true knowledge. By doing this, fishers’ ecological knowledge has been investigated separately from the learning contexts in which it is generated, ignoring the influence of social, cultural and historical aspects that characterise fishing communities, and the complex relationships between fishers and the natural environments they live and work in. This thesis investigates ecological knowledge among small-scale fishers living and working in the ecosystems of Lake Vättern and the Blekinge Archipelago (Baltic Sea) in Sweden and explores how ecological knowledge is generated with particular regard to the influences of work and nature on fishers’ knowledge of ecosystems. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the knowledge and understanding of informal learning processes of ecosystem complexity among small-scale fishers. This knowledge further contributes to the research field of ecological knowledge and sustainable use and management of natural resources. It addresses the particular research questions of what ecological knowledge fishers generate, and how its generation is influenced by their fishing work practices and relationships to nature. The thesis consists of three articles. Article I focuses on the need to address the significant lack of theoretical and methodological frameworks for the investigation of the cognitive aspects involved in the generation of ecological knowledge. Article II deals with the need to develop theoretical, methodological and empirical frameworks that avoid romanticising and idealising users’ ecological knowledge in local (LEK), indigenous (IEK) and traditional (TEK) ecological knowledge research, by rethinking it as being generated through work practices. Article III addresses the lack of studies that explicitly explore theories linking complex relations and knowledge that humans form within and of ecosystems. It also addressed the lack of attention from environmental education researchers to theory and empirical studies of ‘sense of place’ research, with a particular focus on environmental learning. Research into the question of what ecological knowledge fishers generate shows differences in their ways of knowing ecosystem complexity. These differences are explained in terms of the influences of the species being fished, and the sociocultural contexts distinguishing fishers’ connection to the fishing profession (i.e., familial tradition or entrepreneurship) (Article I), but also by the fishing strategies used (Article II). Results answering the research question of how work practices influence fishers’ knowledge of ecosystem complexity show a way of rethinking their ecological knowledge as generated in a continuous process of work (Article II), thus, far from romantic views of knowledge. Results answering the research question of how fishers’ relationships to nature influence their knowledge of ecosystem complexity demonstrate the complex interconnections between psychological processes such as identity construction, proximity maintenance and attachment to natural environments (Article III). Finally, more similarities than differences between fishers’ knowledge were found, despite the variation in cases chosen, with regards to landscape, target species, regulations systems and management strategies, fishing environments scales, as well as cultural and social contexts. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript.</p><p> </p> / Ecological knowledge and sustainable resource management: The role of knowledge acquisition in enhancing the adaptive capacity of co-management arrangements

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

In upcoming decades, the conservation and sustainable use of coastal and marine resources will become a major political and environmental challenge, as two-thirds of the world's population lives in coastal zones. The issue will likely become more problematic in developing countries, where an important number of coastal inhabitants still rely on marginal extractive activities such as fishing, farming and cattle ranching for subsistence, and where the rural poor's demand for development often lead to unsustainable extractive practices. Thus, innovative solutions need to be developed to ensure the long-term conservation and sound management of marine and coastal resources. This Masters thesis addresses the case of Coiba National Park, a marine protected area located in the Gulf of Chiriqui, Panama, and its relationship with coastal fishing and farming communities located at its outskirt. Particularly, this thesis aims to discover the drivers that pushed an important number of coastal agro-pastoralists of Coiba National Park's buffer zone to switch to artisanal fishing over the past three decades, and to determine the social, economic, and environmental impacts that resulted from that switch. In addition, this thesis analyses the relationship between Coiba National Park's authorities and buffer zone communities, and how this relationship has evolved over the years as more and more resource-users exploit the marine resources of the park. Finally, this work analyses Coiba National Park's current management strategy, how park authorities have been able to adapt their planning and management activities over the years, and explores alternatives to improve Coiba National Park's management strategy so that it can better adapt to the ever changing social, economic, and environmental conditions in which Coiba National Park's buffer zone operates.

This thesis examines factors that determine household reliance on interlinked informal credit contracts for fish in the Peruvian Amazon, and the degree to which implicit interest rates in these contracts are explained by transaction costs, administrative costs and lender risk. / A probit model was used to determine household likelihood to borrow, using survey data collected in the region. This likelihood is found to depend on access to alternative activities to generate income, household resilience to income volatility, and demographics: age, education and mobility. / High implicit interest rates (112%) are not explained by the average costs (67%) incurred by local lenders. Market access and household demand elasticity seem to be the main factors determining the degree to which forest peasants are exploited. Local lenders are found to receive credit at rates below the cost to non-resident lenders who use the credit relationship to secure a supply of fish.

This study argues that women's gendered experiences record distinctive features of their subordinate yet resilient positions at home and in society. It portrays the work and lives of selected women in a changing peasant fishing community in the Philippines and suggests directions by which power relations implied in their personal, local, and global lives might be more fully grasped. Despite an underlying perception of 'separate spheres' reflected in such local notions of work as pangabuhi and pangita, the women pragmatically pursue 'public' and market-related roles and activities for the immediate 'private' requirements for their households' sustenance and reproduction. Nevertheless, they are less discerning, and thus, less active in negotiating their strategic interests as women. The recommendations underscore the socially constructed character of gender divisions so demystifying the myths that sustain them. Social development projects that assist but not exacerbate the burdens of rural women are also endorsed.

Esta pesquisa se propôs estudar a Política Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos, que se autodenomina inclusiva, sob a perspectiva das alunas egressas em 2013 do Curso Técnico em Pesca ProEJA a Distância. Este foi um dos programas dos governos de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003 – 2010) e Dilma Rousseff (2010 – 2014). Estabelecemos como parâmetro as perspectivas percebidas por elas tanto em suas vidas pessoais, como nas comunidades em que vivem após a conclusão do curso. A análise pondera os conceitos de inclusão a partir da percepção dos sujeitos em diálogo com a proposta da própria política e com a teoria. O problema de pesquisa encontra-se dentro da complexidade do real com as possíveis contradições, a partir da oferta de formação com perspectiva de inclusão para a demanda de sujeitos adultos e trabalhadores tradicionais e artesanais. Temos como hipótese que mesmo com a questão específica da crise estrutural do trabalho é possível perceber que estamos diante de uma situação histórica e que as políticas afirmativas de inclusão, podem possibilitar, na percepção das egressas, mecanismos de empoderamento social, mesmo nas formas precárias de trabalho alavancado suas participações políticas na e para a sua comunidade. A pesquisa é desenvolvida na perspectiva do materialismo histórico e usa como metodologia o paradigma interpretativo com o olhar na contradição. Produziu-se como material empírico: entrevistas com egressas das cinco regiões do país; registros fotográficos das comunidades; levantamento e análise de documentos referentes ao curso. Os principais teóricos que acompanham nossa pesquisa são MARX, ENGELS, CHEPTULIN, GRAMSCI e FREIRE. A tese está estruturada em quatro seções. O Capítulo 1, “Carta de navegação: nossos métodos” traz a forma pela qual se desenvolveu a pesquisa, apresenta os sujeitos pesquisados, bem como uma perspectiva estrutural de suas comunidades e regiões, dialogando com as falas das entrevistas, e/ou com os registros imagéticos feitos pela pesquisadora. No Capítulo 2, “Embarcações: o curso” apresenta-se o curso Técnico em Pesca: sua estrutura, dimensão e proposta curricular, associada também a uma análise crítica. No terceiro capítulo, “Coordenadas: caminhos traçados” apresentam-se o escopo teórico de categorias importantes, que perpassam esta tese, sendo elas: o entendimento de Sujeito, Trabalho, Cultura e Ciência/Tecnologia. No quarto Capítulo dialogamos com alguns autores que versam sobre o conceito de inclusão e educação no recorte do ProEJA, em diálogo com as entrevistas e os documentos analisados. No último capítulo apresentamos nossas perspectivas e a tese que defendemos a guisa de conclusão. Nossa hipótese se confirma parcialmente, uma vez que as entrevistadas se entendem incluídas com base nos parâmetros da categoria inclusão prescrita no Documento Base. Porém, apresentamos o contraditório, pois o mesmo documento e os demais analisados tem como meta a formação humana integral e nessa dimensão a “inclusão” é parcial. / This research is a study of National Integration of Professional Education Policy with the Basic Education in the young and adults learners field, which calls itself an inclusive group of female students who studied in 2013 the blended learning Fishing Technician Course of ProEJA Highschool. This program was one of Luis Inácio Lula da Silva (2003 – 2010) and DilmaRousseff’s (2010 – 2014) government programs. It was established a parameter within their own lives perceptions as well as their communities after they have finished their course. The analyses ponder the concepts of inclusiveness from the subject perceptions discussing with the policy proposal and its theory. The research’s problem is inside of the real complexity with the possible contradictions, whichoccurs along with the course with the perspective of inclusiveness for traditional, crafter and worker adults.The hypotheses is that besidesof the work structural crises, it is possible to notice that there is an affirmative inclusiveness policy in a historic situation. According to the female students’ perceptions there are social power mechanisms, such as, their participation policy in their community.The research is developed in a real historiccontext and it uses the interpretation paradigm as its methodology with an eye in the contradiction. The research contains: interviews with fisherwomen from the five regions of the country; the community photographs; data and analyses of theFishing Technician Coursedocuments. Thefollowing authorsarecited: MARX, ENGELS, CHEPTULIN, GRAMSCI and FREIRE.The theses is structured in four sections. Chapter 1, “Navegational Chart: Our Methods” it is about the way which the research was developed, showing who were interviewed, as well as a structure perspective of their communities and regions, discussing with their talks in their interviews, and/or with the photographs taken by the researcher. Chapter 2, “Embarcation: The Course” it is about the Fishing Technician Course: its structure, dimension and curricular proposal, which includes a critical analysis. Chapter 3, “Coordinates: Paths Taken” it is about the theory which describes this thesis which are: the Subject, Work, Culture and Science/Technology’s understanding. Chapter 4, it is about a discussion of some authors who say about the concept of inclusiveness and education in the ProEJAprogram among the interviews taken and the analyzed documents. The last chapter is about the perspectives and the thesis itself, which is showed in the conclusion. To sum up, the hypothesis is partial confirmed because of the fisherwomen’s understanding of the inclusiveness concept by their conclusion of theirFishing Technician Course according to the Documento Base. Therefore, it is showed the opposite, because the same Documento Base and the other documents analyzed have as a goal the integral human formation and according to fisherwomen’s “inclusiveness” conception it is partial.

Esta pesquisa se propôs estudar a Política Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos, que se autodenomina inclusiva, sob a perspectiva das alunas egressas em 2013 do Curso Técnico em Pesca ProEJA a Distância. Este foi um dos programas dos governos de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003 – 2010) e Dilma Rousseff (2010 – 2014). Estabelecemos como parâmetro as perspectivas percebidas por elas tanto em suas vidas pessoais, como nas comunidades em que vivem após a conclusão do curso. A análise pondera os conceitos de inclusão a partir da percepção dos sujeitos em diálogo com a proposta da própria política e com a teoria. O problema de pesquisa encontra-se dentro da complexidade do real com as possíveis contradições, a partir da oferta de formação com perspectiva de inclusão para a demanda de sujeitos adultos e trabalhadores tradicionais e artesanais. Temos como hipótese que mesmo com a questão específica da crise estrutural do trabalho é possível perceber que estamos diante de uma situação histórica e que as políticas afirmativas de inclusão, podem possibilitar, na percepção das egressas, mecanismos de empoderamento social, mesmo nas formas precárias de trabalho alavancado suas participações políticas na e para a sua comunidade. A pesquisa é desenvolvida na perspectiva do materialismo histórico e usa como metodologia o paradigma interpretativo com o olhar na contradição. Produziu-se como material empírico: entrevistas com egressas das cinco regiões do país; registros fotográficos das comunidades; levantamento e análise de documentos referentes ao curso. Os principais teóricos que acompanham nossa pesquisa são MARX, ENGELS, CHEPTULIN, GRAMSCI e FREIRE. A tese está estruturada em quatro seções. O Capítulo 1, “Carta de navegação: nossos métodos” traz a forma pela qual se desenvolveu a pesquisa, apresenta os sujeitos pesquisados, bem como uma perspectiva estrutural de suas comunidades e regiões, dialogando com as falas das entrevistas, e/ou com os registros imagéticos feitos pela pesquisadora. No Capítulo 2, “Embarcações: o curso” apresenta-se o curso Técnico em Pesca: sua estrutura, dimensão e proposta curricular, associada também a uma análise crítica. No terceiro capítulo, “Coordenadas: caminhos traçados” apresentam-se o escopo teórico de categorias importantes, que perpassam esta tese, sendo elas: o entendimento de Sujeito, Trabalho, Cultura e Ciência/Tecnologia. No quarto Capítulo dialogamos com alguns autores que versam sobre o conceito de inclusão e educação no recorte do ProEJA, em diálogo com as entrevistas e os documentos analisados. No último capítulo apresentamos nossas perspectivas e a tese que defendemos a guisa de conclusão. Nossa hipótese se confirma parcialmente, uma vez que as entrevistadas se entendem incluídas com base nos parâmetros da categoria inclusão prescrita no Documento Base. Porém, apresentamos o contraditório, pois o mesmo documento e os demais analisados tem como meta a formação humana integral e nessa dimensão a “inclusão” é parcial. / This research is a study of National Integration of Professional Education Policy with the Basic Education in the young and adults learners field, which calls itself an inclusive group of female students who studied in 2013 the blended learning Fishing Technician Course of ProEJA Highschool. This program was one of Luis Inácio Lula da Silva (2003 – 2010) and DilmaRousseff’s (2010 – 2014) government programs. It was established a parameter within their own lives perceptions as well as their communities after they have finished their course. The analyses ponder the concepts of inclusiveness from the subject perceptions discussing with the policy proposal and its theory. The research’s problem is inside of the real complexity with the possible contradictions, whichoccurs along with the course with the perspective of inclusiveness for traditional, crafter and worker adults.The hypotheses is that besidesof the work structural crises, it is possible to notice that there is an affirmative inclusiveness policy in a historic situation. According to the female students’ perceptions there are social power mechanisms, such as, their participation policy in their community.The research is developed in a real historiccontext and it uses the interpretation paradigm as its methodology with an eye in the contradiction. The research contains: interviews with fisherwomen from the five regions of the country; the community photographs; data and analyses of theFishing Technician Coursedocuments. Thefollowing authorsarecited: MARX, ENGELS, CHEPTULIN, GRAMSCI and FREIRE.The theses is structured in four sections. Chapter 1, “Navegational Chart: Our Methods” it is about the way which the research was developed, showing who were interviewed, as well as a structure perspective of their communities and regions, discussing with their talks in their interviews, and/or with the photographs taken by the researcher. Chapter 2, “Embarcation: The Course” it is about the Fishing Technician Course: its structure, dimension and curricular proposal, which includes a critical analysis. Chapter 3, “Coordinates: Paths Taken” it is about the theory which describes this thesis which are: the Subject, Work, Culture and Science/Technology’s understanding. Chapter 4, it is about a discussion of some authors who say about the concept of inclusiveness and education in the ProEJAprogram among the interviews taken and the analyzed documents. The last chapter is about the perspectives and the thesis itself, which is showed in the conclusion. To sum up, the hypothesis is partial confirmed because of the fisherwomen’s understanding of the inclusiveness concept by their conclusion of theirFishing Technician Course according to the Documento Base. Therefore, it is showed the opposite, because the same Documento Base and the other documents analyzed have as a goal the integral human formation and according to fisherwomen’s “inclusiveness” conception it is partial.

El presente trabajo de sustentación profesional consiste en analizar y evaluar la efectividad de la estrategia de comunicación diseñada e implementada a nivel nacional para captar beneficiarios en el proyecto Fondo de Compensación para el Ordenamiento Pesquero (FONCOPES), iniciativa concertada entre el sector privado, representado por las empresas pesqueras dedicadas a la captura de anchoveta para la producción de harina y aceite, los sindicatos de pescadores y el Estado, a través del Ministerio de la Producción (PRODUCE), en el periodo comprendido entre agosto 2009 y diciembre 2012. / Trabajo de suficiencia profesional

The developemnt of fisheries in Lake Victoria is faced with a myriad challenges including overfishing, environmental destruction, disappearance of certain indigenous species and pollution. All these problems can be located within the social, economic and political systems that exists today and in the past. This thesis, ‘Fishers and Fish Traders of Lake Victoria : Colonial Policy and the Development of Fish Production in Kenya, 1880-1978’, argues that the Luo fishers had their own indigenous techniques of fishing, modes of preservation and systems of management that ensured sustainable utilisation of fisheries. The thesis examines the role of the Luo fishers in the sustainable usage of the Lake Victoria fisheries. The British colonial settlers came up with new policies of plantation and commercial farming, taxation and forced labour, all of which encouraged the Luo fishers to partially break with their pre-colonial systems and create new ways of responding to the demands of the colonial state. The study argues that the coming of colonialism and its attendant capitalism introduced new fishing gear as well as new species, such as mbuta, that were inimical to the sustainable utilisation of the Lake Victoria fisheries. The colonial regime also introduced new practices of fisheries management such as scouts, licensing, closed seasons and the numbering of boats, practices geared towards ensuring the commercial production and development of the fisheries. This commercialisation led to cut-throat competition between Asian, European and African fish traders. The coming of independence in 1963 brought some changes, such as the provision of credit facilities, new technology, and attempts by the new African government to more effectively control and manage the fisheries. However, not much changed in terms of policy objectives, and most of the colonial policies remained unchanged. New industries were established around the fisheries, but most remained in the hands of Asians and a few African middlemen. The small-scale fishers continued to struggle against the commercialisation of fishery production, remaining voiceless and marginalised. The study recommends an all inclusive participatory approach to solve the problems currently affecting the Lake Victoria fisheries. / History / DLITT (History)

No description available.