Planning is concerned with understanding and relating both the physical and social aspects of an environment and arriving at alternatives which best satisfy the public for whom the resource is being managed. To plan so that maximum benefits are derived it is important to weigh benefits and costs to determine the feasability of an alternative. However, public recreation is an area which operates outside the market mechanism and therefore methods using other than monetary measures must be developed to determine how maximum public benefits can be achieved. The literature provides little help in overcoming this problem. The few studies undertaken on characteristics, preferences and attitudes of recreationists have not been carried out in the context of decision-making and therefore many of the findings of these studies are inapplicable in planning. This study suggests a methodology which could be used by the Fish and Wildlife Branch to enable more effective development of alternatives for planning of the steelhead sport fishery resource. A questionnaire was developed to enable assessment of the user public's characteristics, preferences, opinions and attitudes. By this method the public's desires can be taken into account in the generation of alternatives thereby approaching the goal of maximizing public benefits. For the purpose of the study steelhead fishermen of the Lower Mainland of British Columbia were sampled. As the Fish and Wildlife Branch now assesses fishermen's views by ad hoc meetings with fishermen from organized clubs the sample of fishermen taken for this study were from two discernable groups; the organized and the unorganized fishermen. The questionnaire was distributed to 117 organized and 378 unorganized fishermen. By this method it was possible to test if organized fishermen (about 5% of all steelhead fishermen) were representative of all steel headers. From the organized sample 61 questionnaires were returned while 164 were included in the data analysis from the unorganized fishermen. The questionnaire was distributed to 7 managers of the Lower Mainland steelhead fishery. The results obtained from this group, it was hoped, could be compared with those of the two fishermen groups. However, results from this sector have not been deeply analysed because of the small number in the sample and the difference in influence that the various members of this group could bring to bear on decisions. Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (S.P.S.S.) and crosstab format the fishermen were compared on their responses to the questionnaire. From analysis of these data a number of conclusions were forthcoming: - Organized and unorganized fishermen were found to be different. - There is a wide range of fishing experience desired. - A systematic collection of information on resource users is feasible and desirable. These conclusions have implications for the planning of this resource. By establishing that organized and unorganized fishermen are different it is clear that the collection of information on the desires of both groups of fishermen is needed. The Branch already collects information on catch and release statistics by questionnaire and this vehicle could be extended to gather fishermen's opinions, attitudes and desires. The wide range of experiences desired by the fishermen suggests that a range of alternatives must be provided in order to increase user benefits. The Fish and Wildlife Branch then must not look for single solutions in planning for the resource but adopt a flexible approach. The geographical diversity of the resource offers the Branch many opportunities for experimenting with programs which would deliver to different groups of fishermen the various types of experiences they desire. These general conclusions are applicable to other agencies charged with providing outdoor recreation services in a non-market context. These agencies currently devote most of their energies to managing the physical resource independent of any systematic feedback from the public. The practice of questionnaire analysis as a method of determining user preferences for planning alternatives has become commonplace in the urban areas of planning. In recreation and resource planning, there is a large potential for involving the public in a systematic manner to establish a better basis for developing alternatives which will increase users satisfaction. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Bibliography: pages 220-234. / This thesis examines the historic right of the Kalk Bay fishermen to occupy the area and exploit the marine resources of False Bay. It attempts to provide the historical base absent from anthropological, and other, works which have focussed on the area. In recent years, the local handline fishing community has faced destruction by a complex web of political, social and economic forces. This work shows that these have simply been new challenges in a long line, albeit the most serious, faced by the fisherfolk of Kalk Bay. The study begins with an examination of human settlement, and the origins of fishing, in Kalk Bay to the late nineteenth century. This is followed by an analysis of the organisation of the local fishing industry at the close of that century. These two chapters provide the backdrop for discussion of the commercialization of the local fishing effort, between 1890 and 1913. The fourth chapter deals with the establishment of the modern fishing industry in Kalk Bay, from 1913 to 1939. The thesis concludes with a brief examination of the community to the 1980s. Major findings are that the local fishermen of today are the product of a cultural and economic tradition stretching back thousands of years. By the late nineteenth century, the rhythm of life in the area was being rapidly changed by its incorporation into the social and economic orbit of greater Cape Town. Over the main period covered by the thesis, the local fishermen, as a result of their race and class, occupied the weaker position in conflicts with local authorities, the state and capital. However, they were able to fight dependence upon a single buyer and growing pressures for their proletarianisation and managed to maintain their independence as petty-commodity producers. The independence of the fisherfolk was nevertheless maintained at the expense of increasingly depressed local markets for their fish. Since the Second World War, the escalating political, social and economic subordination of the fisherfolk has progressively threatened the existence of the handline fishing industry and the fishing community at Kalk Bay. However, should racial ideologies and commitment to monopoly capitalization of the industry be set aside by the state, the Kalk Bay fisherfolk could survive, albeit in altered and diminished circumstances.

This study presents an indicator system created for the Town of Fishers, Indiana to examine and evaluate the quality of life within the community. After reviewing other communities' indicator projects, a series of 20 indicators were developed for the Town of Fishers. There is a brief discussion and a possible source of data for each indicator. The indicators can be utilized by the community leaders and residents to monitor the quality of life. To continue this study, Fishers can create a benchmarking system to set goals for the future of the community. / Department of Urban Planning

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2001. / Bibliography: leaves 160-179.

Thesis (M.S.) in Marine Policy--University of Maine, 2009. / Includes vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-76).

This is a study of folklore in fishing communities using oral narrative as its major source, and analysing the evidence using the methodologies of both oral history and ethnology to illustrate the identity of the group studied. I am particularly concerned with the type of folklore which historian Leonard Primiano describes as ‘vernacular religion’, i.e. rituals and beliefs which demonstrate the religious, spiritual life ‘as lived’ rather than that which is prescribed by the church. The study encompasses fishing communities in the North-East of Scotland, the Outer Hebrides and Shetland, which represent both the historic and contemporary centres of the Scottish fishing industry. It is my contention that we can learn a great deal about fisher identity — its substance and mechanism — through the study of personal narratives, the stories fishermen tell about themselves, their heritage, their environment and their skills. The major themes of this study are faith and fear, the former encompassing a range of strategies — some supernatural, some rational — which fishermen employ to cope with the latter. In building a picture of fisher identity, I also contextualise fishermen’s supernatural and spiritual beliefs within the larger community of those who operate at sea. In turn, I consider the factors which isolate fishermen from society at large, and those fishers have used to deliberately isolate themselves from the landward community, and even from other fishermen, often their economic rivals at sea. This study demonstrates that belief/faith, as it is lived, is a major facet of fisher identity in Scotland. Those beliefs and the working environment are what create, shape and define the fishers’ identities, both the larger, communal ‘macro’ identity and the smaller, individual ‘micro’ identity, separating them from those who work and live on the land. The expression of the fisher identity extended back into the past and forward into the future by the continual telling and retelling of personal narratives while their context exists: the sea.

Typescript. / Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1973. / Bibliography: leaves [283]-287. / v, 287 l illus., map, tables

Thesis (Ph.D.) - James Cook University, 2006. / Typescript (photocopy) Bibliography: leaves 172-207.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-118). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.), Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1998. / Bibliography: leaves [219] -240.