Akademisk avhandlung - Stockholms högskola. / "Rättelser": leaf inserted. "Kallor och literatur": p. 552-570.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2004. / Bibliography: leaves 194-207.

The Technical Fisheries Short Course has been administered by the Department of Extension at The University of British Columbia for fifteen years with funds provided by the federal government. The content of this three-week adult education program for commercial fishermen is designed with emphasis on the scientific rather than vocational aspects of fisheries. It was the purpose of this study to evaluate the effectiveness of the Short Course in terms of new knowledge acquired and attitudes which were modified during the time it was offered. The study population consisted of 117 fishermen composed of 22 students of the 1969 Class (Group I); 40 non-students (Group II); and 55 former students (Group III). Data for Group I was collected by the use of six objective instruments and one subjective discussion session. Two of these, a knowledge-attitude test and a socio-economic instrument, were used to collect data for the other two Groups. Knowledge acquisition and attitude change for Group I was measured by administering the knowledge-attitude test in the pre and post situations. It was shown that learning did occur as average knowledge scores improved from 18.0 in the pre-test to 31.0 in the post-test out of a possible total of fifty. Although there were sixty-seven individual attitude changes to eight statements concerning governmental bodies, the overall Class attitude score remained virtually unchanged at 22.2 in the post-test from 22.4 in the pre-test out of a total of forty. By means of multiple stepwise regression it was shown that 30% of post-knowledge was dependent on pre-knowledge. By logic it is assumed that some of the remaining 70% was due, directly or indirectly, to exposure to the educational experience. Analysis of variance tests with socio-economic data provided some statistically significant results, but because of only one or two replies in the categories causing the significance these are not reported and further studies with larger populations are indicated. Group I fishermen showed a preference for vocationally-oriented subjects (unlike previous classes), but at the same time indicated an interest in and understanding of academic and research oriented content. In terms of interest and value ratings of the subjects offered the program content met the needs of the participants and they believed that what they had learned would help them to increase their financial returns from fishing. The results indicate the need for establishing instructional objectives and providing guidance to some instructors on teaching techniques. Other results based on the study are that consideration should be given to scheduling the program earlier in the year and that more advance publicity about the Short Course is required. The knowledge-attitude test and the socio-economic Instrument were also administered to Groups II and III (non-students and former students). As most of the Group I fishermen came from metropolitan areas in the lower mainland and on Vancouver Island an attempt was made to determine if the knowledge and attitude they possessed were representative of these factors for fishermen from metropolitan areas in general (Group II). Within the limitations of the study it was found that Group I knowledge was similar to that of Group II as determined by average group scores. On the same basis Group I attitude differed significantly at p.05 from that of Group II. Analysis of the data from the knowledge-attitude test and socioeconomic Instrument showed that Group I fishermen were more representative of Group III fishermen (former students) than they were of Group II fishermen (non-students). It was also determined that no significant difference existed between the knowledge scores of former students and post-test knowledge scores of Group I. This suggests a retention factor and reveals an area for further research. It was concluded on the basis of the factors studied that the 1969 Short Course was a success. The results indicate that certain modifications in content, instruction and format would have enhanced its effectiveness. The study also confirmed the difficulties faced by an adult education program administrator in concurrently conducting evaluative research. While the collection of evaluative data can be accomplished with comparative ease its interpretation and presentation becomes a problem in terms of the time and expense involved, a problem which can only be corrected by the provision of research funds. Other implications for research are a study of the application by students of knowledge gained at the Short Course and a study of the attitudes held by fishermen toward government regulatory agencies. Repeated evaluative studies of the Short Course using the same instruments established for this study are recommended. Communications research to determine if the program is influencing a much wider population than the fishermen who attend is also suggested. This empirical study provides a benchmark on which the research suggested can be built. / Education, Faculty of / Educational Studies (EDST), Department of / Graduate

Magister Legum - LLM

The widespread practice of discarding dead fish is believed to negatively affect the sustainability of fish stocks. Between 2015-2019 a landing obligation, aiming to gradually eliminate this practice, is introduced in all EU fisheries. The Landing Obligation (LO) forces fishers to land all catch and requires monitoring at sea rather than on land, it is therefore anticipated to be particularly difficult to enforce. Based on this, the perceived legitimacy of the policy among fishers is believed to be of greatest importance to ensure successful implementation.    To create an understanding of fishers’ commitment to uphold the LO, this study examines Swedish demersal West Coast fishers’ perceived legitimacy of the LO through qualitative interviews. In the interviews Swedish fishers expressed a dual commitment towards upholding the LO. On the one hand, the fishers are overall highly committed to avoiding unwanted catch, which is shown by a positive attitude towards the use and development of selective gear. On the other hand, many are sceptical to the practical formation of the LO, which is at times perceived as incoherent with the fishers’ ecological understanding, as well as with individual fishing practices and policy aims. Finally there are indications of a lack of trust from fishers in the knowledge and intentions of fishery managers, which creates a barrier for commitment to any fishery policy.   For the LO to succeed it is important that fishers develop their practices to avoid unwanted catch. Therefore, it is important to facilitate fishers’ commitment to the policy’s aim rather than merely focusing on compliance with the policy rules.

吳嘉輝. / "2002年8月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2002. / 參考文獻 (leaves 155-168) / 附中英文提要. / "2002 nian 8 yue" / Wu Jiahui. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 155-168) / Fu Zhong Ying wen ti yao. / Chapter 第一章 --- 導言 / Chapter 第一節 --- 硏究目的及意義 --- p.1-4 / Chapter 第二節 --- 前人硏究回顧及其相關問題 --- p.4 / Chapter 1. --- 國內學者的蛋民硏究 --- p.4-10 / Chapter 2. --- 國外學者的水上人硏究 --- p.10-14 / Chapter 3. --- 漁民史的討論 --- p.14-16 / Chapter 第三節 --- 資料運用 --- p.16 / Chapter 1. --- 官方文獻 --- p.16-17 / Chapter 2. --- 碑銘資料 --- p.18 / Chapter 3. --- 口述資料 --- p.19 / Chapter 第四節 --- 論文組織 --- p.20 / Chapter 第二章 --- 明淸時期中國政府對漁民的管理 / Chapter 第一節 --- 明代的漁民管理措施´ؤ´ؤ河泊所制度 --- p.21-27 / Chapter 第二節 --- 淸代的漁民管理政策一一飭禁與弛禁之間 --- p.27-33 / Chapter 第三節 --- 國家權力的滲透-天后信仰的利用 --- p.33-43 / Chapter 第三章 --- 戰前殖民地政府的態度與香港漁業的發展 / Chapter 第一節 --- 不予重視一漁艇登記及政府對捕魚行業的態度 --- p.44-53 / Chapter 第二節 --- 理解不足一船民統計及政府對漁業地區的認識 --- p.53-59 / Chapter 第三節 --- 漁業網絡一以西貢地區爲例 --- p.59 / Chapter 1. --- 漁村建立與周邊聯繫´ؤ´ؤ布袋澳的洪聖廟 --- p.59-73 / Chapter 2. --- 漁業槪況與區域網絡一西貢地區的市場 --- p.73-80 / Chapter 第四節 --- 戎克組合一一日治時期的香港漁業 --- p.81-86 / Chapter 第四章 --- 戰後香港政府的漁民政策及其影響 / Chapter 第一節 --- 漁業制度´ؤ´ؤ漁市場的建立與經營〔1945-1950〕 --- p.87-94 / Chapter 第二節 --- 漁業組織´ؤ´ؤ貸款基金與合作社〔1945-1960〕 --- p.94-99 / Chapter 第三節 --- 漁業技術´ؤ´ؤ漁船機動化的推行〔1945-1960〕 --- p.100-107 / Chapter 第四節 --- 漁民教育´ؤ´ؤ知識水平的提高〔1947-1970〕 --- p.107-116 / Chapter 第五節 --- 漁民居所´ؤ´ؤ從水到陸的變遷〔1960-1980〕 --- p.117-125 / Chapter 第五章 --- 結論：政府與漁民關係的轉變過程 / Chapter 第一節 --- 殖民地前的政府與漁民 --- p.126-127 / Chapter 第二節 --- 戰前香港殖民地政府的管理方式 --- p.127-128 / Chapter 第三節 --- 日治時期的情況 --- p.128 / Chapter 第四節 --- 戰後香港政府政策對漁業發展和漁民生活的影響 --- p.129-130 / Chapter 第五節 --- 「蛋民」、「水上人」和「漁民」 --- p.130-131 / 附錄：移民乎？ 土著乎？ 一一蛋族源流再論 --- p.132-154 / 參考書目 --- p.155-168 / 圖表目錄 / 圖一：布袋澳洪聖廟捐款者在本港其他廟宇捐款槪況圖 --- p.70 / 圖二 ：四十年代末魚市場和共進社在各地的分佈圖 --- p.90 / 表一：天后歷代敕封簡表 --- p.38 / 表二 ：《香港政府藍皮書》所載漁艇數目統計表〔1844-1940〕 --- p.47 / 表三：漁艇數目、船民和全港人口統計表〔1850-60〕 --- p.49 / 表四：1920年代漁艇數目統計表 --- p.51 / 表五：船民人口與全港人口統計表〔1841-1931〕 --- p.54 / 表六：戰前本港各地區漁船分佈表〔1891-1921〕 --- p.55 / 表七：布袋澳漁民捐款地點表 --- p.66 / 表八：布袋澳洪聖廟捐款者在本港其他廟宇捐款槪況表 --- p.69 / 表九：本港各區戎克漁業組合表 --- p.82 / 表十：漁民物資供應表〔1946-1947〕 --- p.88 / 表十一 ：香港各魚市場的建立日期表 --- p.93 / 表十二 ：五十年代漁民合作社的成立情況表 --- p.97-98 / 表十三：香港魚獲統計表〔1946-1955〕 --- p.102 / 表十四：六十年代罟艇漁船機動化情況表 --- p.103 / 表十五：漁民考獲船主證書人數表〔1952-1960〕 --- p.105 / 表十六：五十年代機動漁船表 --- p.106 / 表十七：1921年及1931年香港中國居民擁有閱讀及識字人口表 --- p.109 / 表十八：漁類統營處資助的漁民學校槪況表〔1947-1950〕 --- p.110 / 表十九：各區漁民學校興建年表 --- p.113 / 表二十：改善生活合作社提供的單位數目及漁民入住人數表〔1964-1980〕頁 --- p.121 / 表二十一：六十至七十年代漁民在本港各地建屋槪況表 --- p.122-123

Fishermen are a high-risk group for HIV, having higher HIV rates than typically high-risk groups like truck drivers and military personnel (Kissling, et al., 2005a). Despite this, fishing communities have consistently fallen through the net of HIV research initiatives and in Southeast Asia, there are few such projects targeting fishermen and their communities. In Malaysia, there is particular cause for concern as estimates suggest that fishing communities have an HIV prevalence rate 10 times that of the general population (Kissling, et al., 2005a). Although only 1.3% of the working population are employed in the fishing industry (Department of Statistics Malaysia, 2005), fishermen constitute 3.8% of the total reported HIV cases in the country (Ministry of Health Malaysia, 2008). The dearth of research initiatives targeting HIV within Malaysian fishing communities, and the criminalization of drug users, more broadly, underscores the need for a greater understanding of why fishermen are at increased risk for HIV, but also what approaches might be most effective at curbing the HIV epidemic for these men. This research examines HIV among fishermen by focusing on the social drivers of drug use and drug-related risk behavior in this community. Drawing on theories of risk, this research employs an approach that situates HIV risk behavior within the larger social context. Specifically, I ask: what social factors support an environment conducive to risk behavior and the transmission of HIV among this population of fishermen? Using a mixed-methods approach, this dissertation examines multi-level determinants of HIV among fishermen in Malaysia, assessing how occupational characteristics, social networks, and conceptions of masculinity shape drug use and HIV risk behaviors. The focus on occupational characteristics contributes to the literature on occupational cultures and workplaces as sites for the production of health vulnerabilities, particularly HIV. The focus on masculinity speaks to the to need to better understand the cultural meanings and gender norms associated with HIV risk behaviors among men and the attention to social networks complements a growing body of research that recognizes the role of informal networks in amplifying or attenuating health-related risk. The data for this dissertation comes from Project WAVES, a study conducted by the University of Malaya in collaboration with the Social Intervention Group at Columbia University. The study was conducted in and around the Kuantan jetty, one of the busiest fishing jetties in the country, located in Pahang State on the east coast of peninsular Malaysia. The data consist of 28 in-depth semi-structured interviews with drug-using fishermen and survey data from 406 fishermen who were recruited using respondent-driven sampling. The findings of this research suggest that multilevel factors tied to occupational structure shaped drug use and risk behavior contexts. The mechanization of the fishing industry created shifts in the local labor market that shaped fishermen's daily work and lives. In this new occupational context, the social and economic organization of the occupation of fishing supported drug use in this community. In particular, boat captains loaned money to buy drugs and some supplied drugs for the purpose of work, which resulted in unsafe injection practices and more limited access to clean needles/syringes. The integration of drug use and drug users into the occupational culture of fishing also shaped social and drug-using networks. I find that multidimensional aspects of social network relationships, including social support, trust, participation, and isolation were significantly associated, both positively and negatively, with recent injection and sharing needles/syringes. The results also demonstrate connections between masculinity and injection-related HIV risk behavior. Of note, drug using men were marginalized in their communities and drug use posed a threat to masculinity as men who used drugs were seen as "less of a man" or lacking in "reason." When this marginalization was internalized, men were more likely to engage in receptive sharing of a needle/syringe. Collectively, these results indicate that occupational characteristics, networks and masculinity intersect in complex ways to increase drug use and HIV among fishermen in Kuantan. Although the findings highlight a number challenges to reducing HIV in this population, they also point to a number of possible interventions, which are discussed in the final chapter.

Thesis (M.A.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2004. / Bibliography: leaves 163-175.

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are increasingly being used as tools for fishery management and marine conservation.  This thesis investigates several aspects of the human dimensions of MPAs in Scotland with the purpose to contribute to the understanding of the attitudes of Scottish inshore fishers towards this management measure. Paper I reviews the literature on fishers’ attitudes towards MPAs.  It reveals that most empirical work collects information on fishers’ attitudes towards three general issues of importance to MPAs: governance, conservation of biodiversity and the environment, and the impact of MPAs on fishing activity. Using data from surveys conducted with Scottish fishers, papers II, III, IV and V investigate fishers’ attitudes towards, and perceptions of, several issues of interest to MPAs.  Plus, multivariate data analysis was used in all papers in order to identify which individual characteristics influence fishers’ attitudes towards, or perceptions about, the issues under investigation.  Papers II, IV and V use data collected on a survey conducted with Scottish inshore fishers in 2006/07, while Paper III uses data from a survey conducted previously (in 2001/02). Paper II investigates Scottish inshore fishers’ perceptions about participation in the decision-making process. Results reveal that around half of the fishers perceived themselves to be informed about management, but most did not perceive themselves to be consulted or involved in the decision-making process. Papers III and IV investigate fishers’ attitudes towards labour mobility.  More precisely, the papers investigate fishers’ willingness to leave the fishing sector, change to another gear or move to another area to remain fishing.  Results reveal that fishers’ attitudes towards leaving the fishing sector were different in the two periods.  In 2002 most fishers were willing to leave the fishing sector (Paper III) while five years later most were not (Paper V).  Most importantly, both papers point to the importance of job satisfaction for fishers. Results point to the importance of understanding the economic, social and cultural contexts of the fishing industry for the success of measures and policies aimed at providing fishers with alternative job opportunities in order to counter impacts of displacement caused by the implementation of MPAs and reduction of the overcapacity of the European fishing fleets. Paper V investigates inshore fishers’ attitudes towards MPAs and issues of relevance to MPAs (e.g. compliance with, and enforcement of, rules, and state of resources). More precisely, the paper investigates the attitudes towards closed areas between users of different gears which are affected by closed areas in different ways.  Results reveal that Scottish inshore fishers are not a homogenous collective; the attitudes towards closed areas differ among users of different gears.

University of Macau / Faculty of Arts and Humanities. / Department of English