Up to this point, we’ve limited our discussion to binary integers. In this episode, we are moving the curtain to reveal the powers of two to the right of the binary point in order to begin representing fractions.

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An extension of the original Ott-Grebogy-Yorke control scheme is used on a simple double pendulum. The base point of the double pendulum moves in both horizontal and vertical directions which leads to rather complicated behavior.A delay coordinate is used to reconstruct the attractor. The required dimension is determined by the False Nearest Neighbor analysis. A newly developed Fixed Point Transformation method is used to identify the unstable periodic orbit (UPO). Two different system parameters are used to control the motion. Minimum parameter constraints are studied. The use of discrete values for parameter changes is also investigated. Based on these investigations, a new on-off control scheme is proposed to simplify the implementation of the controller and minimize the delay in applying the control. / Ph. D.

Par rapport à l'arithmétique virgule flottante, l'arithmétique virgule fixe se révèle plus avantageuse en termes de contraintes de coût et de consommation, cependant la conversion en arithmétique virgule fixe d'un algorithme spécifié initialement en virgule flottante se révèle être une tâche fastidieuse. Au sein de ce processus de conversion, l'une des étapes majeures concerne l'évaluation de la précision de la spécification en virgule fixe. En effet, le changement du format des données de l'application s'effectue en éliminant des bits ce qui conduit à la génération de bruits de quantification qui se propagent au sein du système et dégradent la précision des calculs en sortie de l'application. Par conséquent, cette perte de précision de calcul doit être maîtrisée et évaluée afin de garantir l'intégrité de l'algorithme et répondre aux spécifications initiales de l'application. Le travail mené dans le cadre de cette thèse se concentre sur des approches basées sur l'évaluation de la précision à travers des modèles analytiques (par opposition à l'approche par simulations). Ce travail traite en premier lieu de la recherche de modèles analytiques pour évaluer la précision des opérateurs non lisses de décision ainsi que la cascade d'opérateurs de décision. Par conséquent, la caractérisation de la propagation des erreurs de quantification dans la cascade d'opérateurs de décision est le fondement des modèles analytiques proposés. Ces modèles sont appliqués à la problématique de l'évaluation de la précision de l'algorithme de décodage sphérique SSFE (Selective Spanning with Fast Enumeration) utilisé pour les systèmes de transmission de type MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output). Dans une seconde étape, l'évaluation de la précision des structures itératives d'opérateurs de décision a fait l'objet d'intérêt. Une caractérisation des erreurs de quantification engendrées par l'utilisation de l'arithmétique en virgule fixe est menée afin de proposer des modèles analytiques basés sur l'estimation d'une borne supérieure de la probabilité d'erreur de décision ce qui permet de réduire les temps d'évaluation. Ces modèles sont ensuite appliqués à la problématique de l'évaluation de la spécification virgule fixe de l'égaliseur à retour de décision DFE (Decision Feedback Equalizer). Le second aspect du travail concerne l'optimisation des largeurs de données en virgule fixe. Ce processus d'optimisation est basé sur la minimisation de la probabilité d'erreur de décision dans le cadre d'une implémentation sur un FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) de l'algorithme DFE complexe sous contrainte d'une précision donnée. Par conséquent, pour chaque spécification en virgule fixe, la précision est évaluée à travers les modèles analytiques proposés. L'estimation de la consommation des ressources et de la puissance sur le FPGA est ensuite obtenue à l'aide des outils de Xilinx pour faire un choix adéquat des largeurs des données en visant à un compromis précision/coût. La dernière phase de ce travail traite de la modélisation en virgule fixe des algorithmes de décodage itératif reposant sur les concepts de turbo-décodage et de décodage LDPC (Low-Density Parity-Check). L'approche proposée prend en compte la structure spécifique de ces algorithmes ce qui implique que les quantités calculées au sein du décodeur (ainsi que les opérations) soient quantifiées suivant une approche itérative. De plus, la représentation en virgule fixe utilisée (reposant sur le couple dynamique et le nombre de bits total) diffère de la représentation classique qui, elle, utilise le nombre de bits accordé à la partie entière et la partie fractionnaire. Avec une telle représentation, le choix de la dynamique engendre davantage de flexibilité puisque la dynamique n'est plus limitée uniquement à une puissance de deux. Enfin, la réduction de la taille des mémoires par des techniques de saturation et de troncature est proposée de manière à cibler des architectures à faible-complexité. / Traditionally, evaluation of accuracy is performed through two different approaches. The first approach is to perform simulations fixed-point implementation in order to assess its performance. These approaches based on simulation require large computing capacities and lead to prohibitive time evaluation. To avoid this problem, the work done in this thesis focuses on approaches based on the accuracy evaluation through analytical models. These models describe the behavior of the system through analytical expressions that evaluate a defined metric of precision. Several analytical models have been proposed to evaluate the fixed point accuracy of Linear Time Invariant systems (LTI) and of non-LTI non-recursive and recursive linear systems. The objective of this thesis is to propose analytical models to evaluate the accuracy of digital communications systems and algorithms of digital signal processing made up of non-smooth and non-linear operators in terms of noise. In a first step, analytical models for evaluation of the accuracy of decision operators and their iterations and cascades are provided. In a second step, an optimization of the data length is given for fixed-point hardware implementation of the Decision Feedback Equalizer DFE based on analytical models proposed and for iterative decoding algorithms such as turbo decoding and LDPC decoding-(Low-Density Parity-Check) in a particular quantization law. The first aspect of this work concerns the proposition analytical models for evaluating the accuracy of the non-smooth decision operators and the cascading of decision operators. So, the characterization of the quantization errors propagation in the cascade of decision operators is the basis of the proposed analytical models. These models are applied in a second step to evaluate the accuracy of the spherical decoding algorithmSSFE (Selective Spanning with Fast Enumeration) used for transmission MIMO systems (Multiple-Input Multiple -Output). In a second step, the accuracy evaluation of the iterative structures of decision operators has been the interesting subject. Characterization of quantization errors caused by the use of fixed-point arithmetic is introduced to result in analytical models to evaluate the accuracy of application of digital signal processing including iterative structures of decision. A second approach, based on the estimation of an upper bound of the decision error probability in the convergence mode, is proposed for evaluating the accuracy of these applications in order to reduce the evaluation time. These models are applied to the problem of evaluating the fixed-point specification of the Decision Feedback Equalizer DFE. The estimation of resources and power consumption on the FPGA is then obtained using the Xilinx tools to make a proper choice of the data widths aiming to a compromise accuracy/cost. The last step of our work concerns the fixed-point modeling of iterative decoding algorithms. A model of the turbo decoding algorithm and the LDPC decoding is then given. This approach integrates the particular structure of these algorithms which implies that the calculated quantities in the decoder and the operations are quantified following an iterative approach. Furthermore, the used fixed-point representation is different from the conventional representation using the number of bits accorded to the integer part and the fractional part. The proposed approach is based on the dynamic and the total number of bits. Besides, the dynamic choice causes more flexibility for fixed-point models since it is not limited to only a power of two.

The aim of this work is to use contemporary notation to build theory of Rosser logic, explain in detail its relation to Peano arithmetic, show its Kripke semantics and finally using plural self-reference show the proof of arithmetical completeness. In the last chapter we show some of the properties of Rosser sentences. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

The topological entropy of a continuous map quantifies the amount of chaos observed in the map. In this dissertation we present computational methods which enable us to compute topological entropy for given time series data generated from a continuous map with a transitive attractor. A triangulation is constructed in order to approximate the attractor and to construct a multivalued map that approximates the dynamics of the linear interpolant on the triangulation. The methods utilize simplicial homology and in particular the Lefschetz Fixed Point Theorem to establish the existence of periodic orbits for the linear interpolant. A semiconjugacy is formed with a subshift of nite type for which the entropy can be calculated and provides a lower bound for the entropy of the linear interpolant. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of possible applications of this analysis to experimental time series. / by Mark Wess. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2008. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2008. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

For years, researchers have studied the movement of cells and mathematicians have attempted to model the movement of the cell using various methods. This work is an extension of the work done by Zheltukhin and Lui (2011), Mathematical Biosciences 229:30-40, who simulated the stress and displacement of a one-dimensional cell using a model based on viscoelastic theory. The report is divided into three main parts. The first part considers viscoelastic models with a first-order constitutive equation and uses the standard linear model as an example. The second part extends the results of the first to models with second-order constitutive equations. In this part, the two examples studied are Burger model and a Kelvin-Voigt element connected with a dashpot in series. In the third part, the effects of substrate with variable stiffness are explored. Here, the effective adhesion coefficient is changed from a constant to a spatially-dependent function. Numerical results are generated using two different functions for the adhesion coefficient. Results of this thesis show that stress on the cell varies greatly across each part of the cell depending on the constitute equation we use, while the position and velocity of the cell remain essentially unchanged from a large-scale point of view.