The presented work was based on the concepts of region, geographical networks and that of space fixtures and flows, by taking them as parameters to discuss the relevance of higher education and its contributions for the production of space in Southwestern Bahia, the studies being focused on the provision of this teaching modality in Vitória da Conquista and its repercussion in that region. The analysis highlighted the process of organizing fixtures and flows and the buildup of geographical networks promoted by service provision in higher education in the cities of Vitória da Conquista, Barra do Choça, Poções, Jequié, Itambé and Itapetinga. The conceptual study provided the basis for the theoretical referential which supported the research and enabled the structuring of the fieldwork which was carried out. A brief discussion about the process of implementation of higher education in the State of Bahia was necessary and, particularly, in Southeastern Bahia, as well as establishing the connection among the worked concepts as a means of explaining the possible interferences of the referred teaching modality in the process of space construction. The methodology used in the study followed quantitative and qualitative approaches. The first approach aimed at gathering information by means of questionnaires. The second approach, qualitative, aimed at applying interviews in order to broaden the research scope and the inclusion of new information and the correlation among data. After carrying out the investigation, it is concluded that the installation of higher education institutions in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, has prompted the growth of real estate and services in that city, besides leading to the creation of a local network based on the demand and supply of presential graduation courses. Moreover, the aforementioned expansion has directly justified real estate speculation and investments in this sector although students are not directly benefited by the high rent costs and the like. In terms of socioeconomic reverberations in the municipalities participating in the network established by higher education in the Southwestern Region, one can say that the students recognize the improvement in the level of alumni s and graduates social and intellectual participation in their hometowns, mainly by those who choose to remain there after graduating. / O trabalho apresentado foi realizado com base nos conceitos de região, de redes geográficas e de fixos e fluxos espaciais, tomando-os como parâmetros para discutir a relevância do ensino superior e as contribuições deste para a produção do espaço na Região Sudoeste da Bahia, focalizando os estudos na oferta desta modalidade de ensino em Vitória da Conquista e sua repercussão na região citada. A análise destacou o processo de organização dos fixos e fluxos e da formação de redes geográficas promovidas pela oferta do serviço de educação superior nas cidades de Vitória da Conquista, Barra do Choça, Poções, Jequié, Itambé e Itapetinga. O estudo conceitual subsidiou a elaboração do referencial teórico que sustentou a pesquisa e possibilitou a estruturação do trabalho de campo realizado. Tornou-se necessária uma breve discussão acerca do processo de implantação do ensino superior no Estado da Bahia e, especificamente, no Sudoeste baiano, assim como a realização da conexão entre os conceitos trabalhados como meio para a explicação das possíveis interferências da referida modalidade de ensino no processo de construção do espaço. A metodologia utilizada no trabalho seguiu abordagens quantitativas e qualitativas. A primeira abordagem visou o levantamento de informações com base em questionários. A segunda abordagem, qualitativa, teve como objetivo a aplicação de entrevistas, buscando ampliar o espectro de investigação e a inclusão de novas informações e a correlação entre os dados. Após a realização da investigação, conclui-se que a instalação de instituições de ensino superior em Vitória da Conquista, na Bahia, tem impulsionado o crescimento do setor imobiliário e de serviços na referida cidade, além de conduzir à criação de uma rede regional baseada na demanda e oferta de cursos de graduação presenciais. Ademais, a expansão aludida tem justificado, de forma direta, a especulação imobiliária e os investimentos nesse setor apesar dos estudantes não serem beneficiados diretamente pelos altos custos de aluguéis e afins. Em termos de rebatimentos sócio-econômicos nos municípios participantes da rede instituída pelo ensino superior na Região Sudoeste, pode-se afirmar que os alunos reconhecem a melhoria no nível de participação social e intelectual dos estudantes e dos concluintes, em suas cidades de origem, principalmente por parte daqueles que optam por permanecer nas mesmas após a conclusão de seus cursos.

A generally accepted goal in orthopaedic surgery today is to maximize conservation of tissue and reduce tissue damage. Bone-conserving implants have bone-mating surfaces that reproduce the natural curvature of bone structures, requiring less bone removal. No small, reliable, inexpensive and universal bone sculpting technique currently exists, however, that can both create and accurately align such complex surfaces. The goal of this thesis was to develop a haptic hard surface emulation mechanism that could be applied to curvilinear bone sculpting using a surgical robot. A novel dynamic physical constraint concept was developed that is able to emulate realistic hard constraints, smooth surface following, and realistic surface rigidity, while allowing complete freedom of motion away from the constraints. The concept was verified through the construction of a two-link manipulator prototype. Tests were run on nine users that involved each user tracing out five different virtual surfaces on a drawing surface using the prototype. The primary purposes of prototype testing were to obtain subjective data on how effectively the dynamic physical constraint concept simulates simple surfaces, to assess how it reacts to typical user interactions and to identify any unexpected behaviour. Users were 100% satisfied with the prototype’s ability to emulate realistic and stiff hard surfaces and with its ease of manipulation. The amount of incursion into each of the virtual surfaces by all the users was measured to assess the precision of the system with the goal of deciding whether this new haptic concept should be further developed specifically for precision applications such as surgery. For curvilinear surfaces, 90% of the cumulative distribution of the measured data was less than 2mm, while for linear surfaces it was less than 6mm. Four behavioural effects were noticed: lateral deflection, reverse ‘stickiness’, hysteresis and instability in certain areas. These effects were studied in detail to determine how to either eliminate them or to minimize them through system design optimization. A computer simulation was also used to model the behaviour of the prototype and to gain further understanding of these effects. These analyses showed that the concept can be successfully used in curvilinear bone sculpting. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Mechanical Engineering, Department of / Graduate

No description available.

The aim of this project is to examine the welding of the upper arm of the current collector - the pantograph of the electric locomotive according the the CSN EN 15085 norm. The first part of this thesis dealt with the elaboration of all needed WPS and with the proposal of the current preparation that is going to be realized. The experimental part dealt with the practical execution of the welding as defined in the first part. The macrostructure of weldings and the process of hardening have been evaluated based on the welding samples.

This thesis evaluates an alternative method for creating vibration test fixtures. The new method is based on producing fixtures by utilizing the external forces, that a fixture is subjected to during vibration tests, instead of creating it with estimations and guess-work, as it is done today. The purpose is to be able to create fixtures that have high natural frequencies and are reliable during tests and the goal is to create a computational model that corresponds with the real test conditions. The computational model was defined by applying gravitational loads in all six directions on a static solid model and the computation was solved with topology optimization, to create a structure with the most optimal material distribution. Data was collected in quantities and a model was chosen to work further with to create the version that fulfills the requirements. The final version of the fixture was optimized to an optimal weight of $2.5\;kg$ and produced with additive manufacturing in order to test it on an electrodynamic shaker. The result was a fixture with improved characteristics and a computational model proven valid. Kongsberg Automotive can now create vibration fixtures with higher eigenfrequencies, lower mass and lower manufacturing costs, that are more reliable in vibration tests.

No description available.

No description available.

O setor de iluminação artificial passa por uma mudança de padrão tecnológico com a implantação da tecnologia LED, que permite novas abordagens quanto a interatividade e qualidade da luz nos ambientes internos. Em ambientes hospitalares, o conforto visual está intimamente ligado a recuperação do paciente e bem-estar dos demais usuários, visto que a qualidade da luz pode interferir de forma direta em reações fisiológicas ligadas ao ciclo circadiano. O presente trabalho apresenta diretrizes de design de luminárias, com ênfase na interação e necessidades dos pacientes. Para tanto, considerou as possibilidades inovadoras e interativas da tecnologia LED e sua relação com o ciclo-circadiano, especificamente na unidade de internação. Para gerar as diretrizes de design foi utilizado uma variação do método Desdobramento da Função Qualidade (QFD), que tem como premissa o atendimento às necessidades dos usuários. As diretrizes geradas pela matriz QFD foram aplicadas em um modelo virtual, utilizando o processo de modelagem da informação da construção conhecido como BIM (Building Information Modeling), com a finalidade de avaliar os resultados obtidos. A utilização do método QFD em conjunto com a tecnologia BIM se mostraram eficientes para a criação de projetos de iluminação, pois apresentou como resultado final um conjunto de imagens qualitativas e informações quantitativas, permitindo desenvolver diretrizes que podem ser manipuladas, de acordo com as necessidades observadas pelo designer responsável pelo projeto de iluminação. Os principais resultados obtidos estabelecem que na unidade de internação hospitalar a iluminação artificial deve contemplar as seguintes características: permitir fácil interatividade, oferecer localização temporal (ciclo circadiano), permitir direcionamento da luz, reduzir a monotonia do ambiente e transmitir sensação de segurança. / The artificial lighting industry undergoes a change of technological standards with the implementation of LED technology, which allows new approaches to interactivity and quality of light in indoor environments. In hospital settings, visual comfort is closely linked to patient recovery and well-being of other users, since the quality of light can interfere directly in physiological reactions linked to the circadian cycle. This work developed luminaire design guidelines, with emphasis on interaction and patient needs. Therefore, considered innovative and interactive possibilities of LED technology and its relationship with the cycle-circadian, specifically in the inpatient unit. To generate design guidelines was used a variation of Quality Function (QFD) method, which is premised on meeting the users needs. The guidelines generated by the QFD matrix were applied to a virtual model using the modeling process of building information known as BIM (Building Information Modeling), in order to evaluate the results obtained. The use of QFD method along with BIM proved efficient for creating lighting designs as it result in a set of qualitative images and quantitative information, allowing to develop guidelines that can be manipulated according to the needs observed by designer responsible for lighting design. The main results establish that at the hospitalization unit artificial lighting shall include the following features: allow easy interactivity, offer temporal location (circadian cycle), to allow light guidance, reducing the monotony of environment and transmit feeling of security.

Fixtures accurately locate and secure a part during machining operations such that the part can be manufactured to design specifications. To reduce the design costs associated with fixturing, various computer-aided fixture design (CAFD) methods have been developed through the years to assist the fixture designer. Much research has been directed towards developing systems that determine an optimal fixture plan layout, but there is still a need to develop a CAFD method that can continue to assist designers at the unit level where the key task is identifying the appropriate structure that the individual units comprising a fixture should take. This research work details the development of a CAFD methodology (called CAFixD) that seeks to fill this hole in the CAFD field. The approach taken is to consider all operational requirements of a fixture problem, and use them to guide the design of a fixture at the unit level. Based upon a case-based reasoning (CBR) methodology where relevant design experience is retrieved and adapted to provide a new fixture design solution, the CAFixD methodology adopts a rigorous approach to indexing design cases in which axiomatic design functional requirement decomposition is adopted. Thus, the design requirement is decomposed in terms of functional requirements, physical solutions are retrieved and adapted for each individual requirement, and the design re-constituted to form a complete fixture design. Case adaptation knowledge is used to guide the retrieval process. Possible adaptation strategies for modifying candidate cases are identified and then evaluated. Case and adaptation strategy combinations that result in adapted designs that best satisfy the preferences of the designer are used as the final design solutions. Possible means of refining the effectiveness of the method include combining adaptation strategies and considering the order in which design decisions are taken.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 3387.pdf: 2954742 bytes, checksum: 792e30cc93d7f68d7c0f647b0d217541 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-03 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / This work deals with a production scheduling problem that appears in the aeronautics industry, involving special structures called assembly fixtures, composed of several workstations in parallel to assemble parts of the aircrafts. Tasks should be scheduled to be performed in these workstations in order to minimize the quantity of manpower needed to do the assembly and determine the production capacity of the assembly fixture, which means minimizing the makespan (the total time needed to finish the tasks). However, in addition to the usual constraints such as due dates and precedence among tasks, there are also constraints that prevent two tasks to be performed at the same time in two adjacent workstations on the assembly fixture. The assembly and the teams who work there are in continuous improvement of assembling processes, according to the cumulative production increases and the learning curve is traversed. The learning curve was divided in four stages with specific characteristics in each. Mixed integer linear programming models are proposed to represent the production scheduling problem of each stage, based on practical cases studies of assembly fixtures scheduling in an aeronautics company. Those models are solved using a modeling language and optimization software. The solutions are analyzed and compared and based on then, it is evaluated how the learning curve affects the airplane production over time and it is shown, in the results, that there exists potential of improvement in the use of assembling resources, using production scheduling and levelling the resources. / Este trabalho aborda um problema de programação da produção que ocorre na indústria aeronáutica, envolvendo estruturas especiais de montagem chamadas gabaritos, compostas de diversos postos de trabalho em paralelo para montar partes das aeronaves. Tarefas devem ser programadas para serem executadas nestes postos de trabalho de maneira a minimizar a quantidade total de mão de obra necessária para realizar a montagem em questão e determinar a capacidade de produção do gabarito, ou seja, minimizar o makespan (tempo total para executar as tarefas). Porém, além das restrições usuais, como prazos de entrega das tarefas e precedências entre as tarefas, existem também restrições que impedem que duas tarefas possam ser executadas ao mesmo tempo em dois postos de trabalho adjacentes no gabarito. A montagem e as equipes que nela trabalham estão em melhoria contínua dos processos de montagem, conforme a produção acumulada aumenta e a curva de aprendizagem é percorrida. A curva de aprendizagem foi dividida em quatro fases com características específicas em cada uma. Propõem-se modelos de programação linear inteira mista para representar o problema de programação em cada uma das fases, com base em estudos de casos práticos de programação de gabaritos de montagem de uma empresa aeronáutica. Estes modelos são resolvidos utilizando-se uma linguagem de modelagem e um software de otimização. As soluções encontradas são analisadas e comparadas e com base nelas, avalia-se como a curva de aprendizagem afeta a produção de aviões ao longo do tempo e demonstra-se que existe potencial de melhoria no uso dos recursos de montagem, utilizando programação da produção e nivelamento dos recursos.