<p> A novel method has been developed to determine the quantitative relationship between the percentage ofla fibres stimulated synchronously, and the percentage of human flexor carpi radialis (FCR) motoneurons (MNs) discharged reflexly. The method assumes a normal distribution of Ia fibre thresholds to electrical stimulation. Among the 11 healthy subjects tested during relaxation, there were considerable differences in the reflex excitability of the FCR MNs to quantitative Ia fibre inputs. The Ia fibre input-FCR MN output curves were either initially steeply-rising, initially slowly-rising, or initially and latterly steeply-rising. When the results were averaged, however, the curve for the 11 subjects in the relaxed state appeared to be fairly linear throughout the entire range of the Ia fibre inputs, and a mean of82% of the Ia fibres discharged approximately 20% of theMNs. </p> <p> Regardless of the variability in the shape of individual input-output curves during relaxation, potentiation of the FCR MN output was observed during weak wrist flexion in 10 of the 11 subjects over the full range of the Ia fibre inputs. In contrast, a depression of the MN output was exhibited in all 8 subjects who weakly contracted the extensors over the full range of the Ia fibre inputs. The changes in the Ia input-MN output relationship in going from rest to voluntary contractions of wrist muscles are thought to reflect modulation by presynpatic inhibition of the Ia terminals. With very large Ia inputs during wrist extension, however, there is a steep rise in the input-output curve, which could indicate a decrease in presynaptic inhibition of Ia terminals in the FCR muscle. The modulation ofthe input-output relationship observed in the present study is consistent with the task-dependent differences of reflex excitability observed by Stein et al. (1988). </p> / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

Lesions of the distal deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) are frequently diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in horses with foot pain. The prognosis for horses with DDFT lesions to return to previous levels of performance is poor. Treatment options are limited; consisting of conservative therapy, desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon, injection of the digital sheath or navicular bursa, navicular bursoscopy or intralesional injection. Intralesional injection of biologic therapeutics shows promise in tendon healing, with increased number of experimental and clinical studies finding positive results. However, accurate injection of DDFT lesions within the hoof is difficult and requires general anesthesia. The Hallmarq open, low-field MRI unit was used to develop an MRI-guided technique to inject structures within the hoof. This procedure has been previously reported for injecting the collateral ligaments of the distal interphalangeal joint. Four clinical cases of deep digital flexor tendinopathy have been treated with MRI-guided injections using a similar technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate accuracy of a technique for injection of the deep digital flexor tendon within the hoof using MRI-guidance, which could be performed in standing patients. We hypothesized that injection of the DDFT within the hoof could be accurately guided using open low-field MRI to target either the lateral or medial lobe at a specific location. Ten cadaver limbs were positioned in an open, low-field MRI unit to mimic a standing horse. Each DDFT lobe was assigned to have a proximal (adjacent to the proximal aspect of the navicular bursa) or distal (adjacent to the navicular bone) injection. A titanium needle was inserted into each tendon lobe, guided by T1-weighted transverse images acquired simultaneously during injection. Oil-based colored dye was injected as a marker. Post-injection MRI and gross sections were assessed by three blinded investigators experienced in equine MRI. The success of injection as evaluated on gross section was 85% (70% proximal, 100% distal). The success of injection as evaluated by MRI was 65% (60% proximal, 70% distal). There was no significant difference between the success of injecting the medial versus lateral lobe. The major limitation of this study was the use of cadaver limbs with normal tendons. The authors concluded that injection of the DDFT within the hoof is possible using MRI guidance. Future work should be focused on using the techniqe in live horses with tendon lesions, and more clinical studies are needed to determine the most efficacious biologic therapeutic for tendon healing. / Master of Science

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:13:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Renata de Pino A Maranhao.pdf: 884544 bytes, checksum: 6285e47eeba35dfba3fc97c0c9f7d235 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-29 / Dentre as enfermidades do aparelho locomotor, a tendinite eqüina representa parcela significativa das ocorrências clínicas de rotina. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram realizar um estudo da afecções do aparelho locomotor eqüino nos animais do Primeiro Regimento de Cavalaria de Guarda e testar um protocolo terapêutico com gel de Arnica montana como princípio ativo associado ao ultra-som terapêutico (UST) na tendinite eqüina induzida por colagenase. Verificou-se nos arquivos do 1º RCG, que os traumatismos contusos e cortantes foram as situações patológicas mais freqüentes, predominando nos animais do cerimonial militar. A tendinite dos flexores foi mais freqüente nos animais de pólo e do cerimonial, enquanto que a desmite do suspensório afetou mais os animais de salto. Na fase experimental, a tendinite foi induzida pela aplicação de colagenase no terço médio do tendão flexor digital superficial de quinze éguas, distribuídas em três grupos. No grupo GC, utilizou-se o ultra-som terapêutico (UST) desligado e gel de contato, no grupo GA, o gel contendo Arnica montana a 20% associado ao UST desligado e no grupo GAU, empregou-se gel de Arnica montana a 20%, porém com o UST ligado, na dose de 0,5watt/cm2, no modo contínuo, por cinco minutos. Observou-se no grupo GA uma redução precoce do edema metacarpiano e menor área de lesão ultra-sonográfica, enquanto que no grupo GAU a área total do tendão foi maior ao final do período. Concluiu-se que a ocorrência de enfermidades do aparelho locomotor nos eqüinos no 1º RCG é alta, estando relacionada principalmente às atividades desempenhadas pelos animais. Além disso, o gel de arnica utilizado isoladamente foi mais eficaz na redução dos sinais clínicos e da área da lesão.

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Bakgrund: Hjärnskakning är en vanlig skada inom ishockey. Efter skada ses även påverkan på cervikala strukturer och nackutredning föreslås som en del i undersökningen efter hjärnskakning.  Neck Flexor Endurance Test är ett test som använts för att mäta nackflexorernas uthållighet. Syftet med den här studien var att fastställa normalvärde för junior-senior ishockeyspelares uthållighet i stabiliserande cervikal muskulatur.  Design:Deskriptiv pilotstudie Metod: Totalt 40 friska ishockeyspelare (33 herrjuniorer och 7 damspelare) testades i ryggliggande. Testpersonen höll huvudet statiskt i given position och testledaren observerade att testen utfördes rätt och klockade tiden med tidtagarur. Inga andra hjälpmedel användes. Varje deltagare hade två försök och tiden mellan försök ett och två var två minuter Resultat: Medelvärde för hela gruppens båda försök var 55,5 sekunder. Medelvärde för försök ett var för hela gruppen 62,3 sekunder +22,8, försök två 48,5 sekunder +18,1. Skillnaden mellan försök ett och försök två var statistiskt säkerställd (p&lt;0,05). Konklusion: 40 friska ishockeyspelare har i den här studien uthållighet i nackens flexorer på i medelvärde 62,3 sekunder i ett försök. Spridningen var för stor för att man ska kunna ge råd om generell baseline. Skillnaden mellan gruppens försök ett och försök två tyder på att längre tid än två minuter behövs för full återhämtning av testade muskler.

Mediante diferentes técnicas histoquímicas, se analizan los tipos de fibras de la musculatura esquelética (Mm. semitendinoso y flexor carporradial) de perros adultos y cachorros (0-65días). Tomando el músculo semitendinoso como patrón, se establecen los criterios para la correcta identificación de las distintas fibras. En base a la actividad mATPasa se reconocen 4 tipos diferentes, que denominamos: I, IIA, IIp y IIC. Con idéntica metodología y criterios de interpretación, se procede al estudio el M. flexor carporradial. Secciones transversales completas de este músculo obtenidas en criosotato a -20ºC, fueron analizadas desde el punto de vista histoquímico, procediéndose al estudio de los tipos de fibras y distribución de las mismas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que el M. flexor carporradial presenta dos cabezas, radial y cubital, cuya funcionalidad puede ser diferente. La cabeza radial se integra casi de forma exclusiva por fibras tipo I, mientras la cabeza cubital muestra una distribución en mosaico con presencia de fibras I, IIA y IIC. Las fibras IIp no fueron identificadas en ninguna de las dos cabezas. Los resultados parecen sugerir que el M. flexor carporradial del perro no solo participa en la protracción del miembro torácico (flexión del carpo), sino que desarrolla un importante papel en el aplomo del mismo. Los estudios llevados a cabo durante el periodo postnatal (0-65días), confirman la aparición gradual y progresiva de las fibras identificadas en animales adultos, aunque en distintos periodos de tiempo según el músculo y/o cabezas. Las técnicas de m-ATPasa permiten formular una nomenclatura específica para las fibras durante el desarrollo, que puede ser tomada como referencia para futuros estudios en estos periodos. / By jeans of different histochemical techniques, fibre types of skeletal muscle (Mm. semitendinosus and flexor carpi radialis) in adults and young dogs (0-65 days) were analysed. Histochemical criteria to the right identification of the different fibres were established by using semiteninosus muscle as control. According to their m-ATPase activity, we observed four different fibre types designated as I, IIA, IIp and IIC. To study the flexor carpi radialis muscle the same techniques and histochemical criteria were followed too. Cryostat whole cross serial sections were histochemically analysed, and the fibre types as well as their distribution studied. The results showed that flexor carpi radialis muscle has two heads, radial and cubital, probably with different functionality. Radial head was almost exclusively constituted by type I fibres; on the other hand, cubitl head exhibited mosaic pattern distribution, containing I, IIA and IIC fibres. None of the heads showed IIp fibre types. These findings suggest that flexor carpi radialis muscle in dog not only participates in the protraction of the forelimb (flexes carpal joint) but also takes an important part in its own aplomb. This study which was carried out throughout postnatal period (0-65 days) confirmed that occurrence of the different fibre types is gradual and progressive in time depending on muscle and / or head portion. mATPase techniques allow us the formulation of an specific nomenclature for the fibres during their development thus, it is recommended for further studies of muscle development.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-11-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:02:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 hernandeztovar_mc_dr_jabo.pdf: 3642290 bytes, checksum: c426af96b828f5acd5ad320a0cdb0514 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Este projeto tem como proposta avaliar o comportamento biológico das células estromais mesenquimais multipotentes autólogas associadas ou não às matrizes de colágeno, na reconstrução tendínea. Optou-se em trabalhar com ovinos e, para isso, os ovinos foram submetidos à ferida no tendão flexor superficial do membro torácico esquerdo, que consistiu na realização de uma tenectomia parcial medindo 1,5cm de comprimento e 0,3cm de largura. Aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico foram retirados os tendões flexores superficiais dos membros torácicos dos animais e os fragmentos colhidos foram destinados para procedimento histológico, e de microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Nas avaliações histopatológicas evidenciou-se aumento na quantidade de fibroblastos aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após a intervenção cirúrgica, além de uma desorganização severa da matriz colágena nos diferentes grupos. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura mostrou nos tendões do grupo controle (G1) aos 30, 60 e 90 dias após o procedimento cirúrgico, fibras colágenas finas, ramificadas com perda do arranjo, quando comparadas com as fibras colágenas do tendão normal. O grupo G2 apresentou melhor organização das fibras, porém similares às observadas no G1. Já no grupo G3 a melhor organização e arranjo das fibras colágenas foram evidentes. Dessa maneira, esses resultados permitem inferir que a engenharia de tecidos utilizando CTMs associadas a enxertos biológicos apresentam tratamento clínico promissor para a reparação de tendões / This project has as purpose to pick, cultivate, characterize and study the biological behavior of the Mesenchymal Stem Cells and the collagen scalffold, in the reconstruction of the connective tissue Tendons. It was decided to work with sheep and, therefore, three treatments were accomplished using Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells and applied in the superficial flexor tendon of the left thoracic member of the sheep, injured for the experience. The sheep were submitted to the wound in the superficial flexor tendon of the left thoracic limb that consisted of an accomplishment of a partial tenectomic measuring 1,5cm of length and 0,3cm of width. After 30, 60 and 90 days after the surgical procedure, the superficial flexor tendons of the left thoracic limb of the animals were withdrawed and the picked fragments were sent to histology procedure, and Scan electron microscopy. In the histopatology evaluations, there was an increase of fibroblast amount after 30, 60 and 90 days after the surgical intervention of the control group (G1), the one treated with collagen scalfod, and the one treated with collagen scalffold associated to the Mesenchymal Stem Cells, besides of sever disorganization of the main collage which was more severe at the 30 days in the different groups when compared to the normal tissue. The Scan electron microscopy showed in the tendons of the control group (G1) after, 30, 60 and 90 days after the surgical procedure thin collagen fibers, ramified with lose of arrangement, when compared to the collagen fibers of the normal tendon. Group G2 showed better organization of the fibers, however, similar to the ones observed in G1. In G3, the best organization and arrangement of the collagen fibers were evident. Finally, it can be verified that the implantation of collagen scalfold associated to Mesenchymal Stem Cells is of great importance to the wound healing

The work provides a comprehensive overview of the issues hallux rigidus with a focus on the first metatarsophalangeal joint replacement and development of our own implant. The development was built to perform anatomical studies, the results were the basis for the construction of hemiarthroplasty and total arthroplasty. It was necessary to measure the marrow cavities of the distal part of first metatarsal and proximal half of proximal phalanx. We measured the size of the metatarsal head in two planes, and its tendency to diaphysis on the dry preparations. Through these studies we obtained valid data for the construction all components of both hemiarthroplasty and total arthroplasty of specifying the size spectrum. We have verified and then corrected the shape of implant treatment during post-mortem tests on the models. The result is a new type of arthroplasty with their own design to guarantee restoration of joint function and coated with a high osteointegral potential. In clinical studies, we performed 22 implantations of hemiarthroplasty and one implantation of total arthroplasty. Clinical results suggest the fact that the implant will be successful. However the ultimate answer to this question will provide long-term study. The other results presented with a detailed anatomical description show to...

The work provides a comprehensive overview of the issues hallux rigidus with a focus on the first metatarsophalangeal joint replacement and development of our own implant. The development was built to perform anatomical studies, the results were the basis for the construction of hemiarthroplasty and total arthroplasty. It was necessary to measure the marrow cavities of the distal part of first metatarsal and proximal half of proximal phalanx. We measured the size of the metatarsal head in two planes, and its tendency to diaphysis on the dry preparations. Through these studies we obtained valid data for the construction all components of both hemiarthroplasty and total arthroplasty of specifying the size spectrum. We have verified and then corrected the shape of implant treatment during post-mortem tests on the models. The result is a new type of arthroplasty with their own design to guarantee restoration of joint function and coated with a high osteointegral potential. In clinical studies, we performed 22 implantations of hemiarthroplasty and one implantation of total arthroplasty. Clinical results suggest the fact that the implant will be successful. However the ultimate answer to this question will provide long-term study. The other results presented with a detailed anatomical description show to...