<p>Biomechanical and neural factors have both been suggested to contribute to the limited independence of finger movement and involuntary force production. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree of finger independence by examining the activity of the four compartments of extensor digitorum (ED) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) using surface electromyography and involuntary force production in the non-task fingers using methods such as the “enslaving effect” (EE) and the “selectivity index” (SI). Twelve male participants performed a series of 5-second sub-maximal exertions at 5, 25, 50 and 75% of maximum using isometric isotonic and ramp finger flexion and extension exertions. Ramp exertions were performed from 0 to 85% of each finger’s maximum force with ascending and descending phases taking 4.5 seconds each with 0.5 seconds of plateau at 85%. Lower EE and higher SI (more selective force production) was found in flexion exertions compared to extension partially due to the higher activity of the antagonist ED compartments counterbalancing the involuntary activation of the non-task FDS compartments. Minimal FDS activity was seen during extension exertions. At forces up to and including 50%, both EE and muscle activity of the non-task compartments were significantly higher in descending exertions than the isotonic or ascending exertions. The selectivity index was also lower during the descending flexion and extension exertions at 25 and 50% MVC exertions. Up to mid-level forces, both finger proximity and contraction mode affects involuntary force production and muscle activation while at higher forces only finger proximity (and not the exertion mode) contributes to finger independence. The fingers were less selective at higher exertion levels (75% MVC) and all 3 exertion modes resulted in similar SI at 75% MVC in all flexion and extension exertions.</p> / Master of Science in Kinesiology

Compliance to strict home exercise programs is understood to be a mainstay of post-surgical flexor tendon rehabilitation. Therapists recognise the potential of poor compliance (overuse or under-use of prescribed exercise) and spontaneous movements during rehabilitation. Some therapists may suggest that compliance to specific exercise regimens and control of spontaneous or general movements are fundamentally important in optimising the rehabilitation outcomes and minimising the potential of adverse events. Yet there is little objective data to document the actual levels of exercise or spontaneous finger movement performed outside the clinical setting. The purpose of this study was to document both diary and instrumented methods of reporting finger movement during a 48hr period. Following surgical repair of the flexor tendon, subjects attending a private hand therapy clinic provided consent and reported subjective diary (n=16) data of sets and repetitions of exercise for up to 6 weeks post-operatively. Nine subjects also had instrumented data logged on 3 occasions during the first 6 weeks of rehabilitation and were not fully aware of the purpose of the instrumentation. All subjects were instructed to perform 10 passive followed by 10 active exercises every waking hour, for the first 6 weeks and were assessed on range of motion, DASH, pain and strength. Results demonstrated that patients reported, via their diaries, that they are on average 80% compliant. Parallel data logger information suggests that this figure is more likely to reflect 50% compliance. A significant (p< .05) increase in spontaneous movements in the last 2 weeks of the 6 week assessment period was detected. No significant correlation between patient's level of compliance or spontaneous movement and their outcome were detected.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:19:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissLHB.pdf: 2237464 bytes, checksum: a9f2e45dc713b4d16aefdcfdf7b78613 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-28 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The relation between flexibility alterations and muscular torque posstretching is not so exploited in literature. There are many stretching techniques and posture used in clinics and sportive activities. The technique of eccentric active stretching in a standing posture, with weight unloading in the stretched limb, is one of them. Thus, a better knowledge of the alterations caused after its application will provide scientific support for its usage. Objective: To evaluate the effects of an eccentric active stretching program of the knee flexor muscles in the standing posture on the evaluated limb on: knee extension ROM, passive torque of knee flexor muscles and isometric and isokinetic concentric and eccentric torque of flexor and extensor muscles of the knee. Methodology: 34 healthy and sedentary volunteers, both genders (34,42 ± 9,3 years) were evaluated. All of them had 20° or more knee flexor muscles shortening. The stretching program was performed twice a week, for four weeks and consisted of 7 consecutive repetitions of 1 min each one with a 30s rest between them. Knee ROM and knee torque were evaluated using an Isokinetic Dynamometer before and after four weeks of intervention. The passive torque and knee ROM were measured passively, while the isometric, concentric and eccentric torque of the flexor and extensor of the knee were measured through maximal voluntary contractions (speeds 30°/s, 60°/s). Results: There was an increase in the knee extensor ROM from 53,7 ± 13° to 30,1 ± 16° (p = 0,0001). No alteration occurred in the passive torque (from 11,2 ± 3N to 10,6 ± 3N; p = 0,09). The isometric extensor and flexor torque increased from 68 ± 67,8N to 187,58 ± 73,5N (p = 0,006) and from 89,68 ± 32,62N to 93,87 ± 33,12N (p = 0,01), respectively. There was a gain of knee extensor concentric torque at 60°/s from 144,44 ± 51,6N to 151,57 ± 58,2N (p = 0,02) and knee extensor eccentric torque at 30°/s from 175,4 ± 71,6N to 189,9 ± 73,8N (p = 0,01). There was an improvement in the flexor eccentric and concentric torque at 30º /s (from 100,3 ± 34,2N to 105,63 ± 35N; p = 0,02 and from 90,7 ± 31,7N to 96,7 ± 31,8N; p = 0,001, respectively). Conclusions: The eccentric active stretching program of the knee flexor muscles in a standing posture was effective to increase knee extension ROM, improving flexibility in the knee flexor muscles, although there was no change in the passive torque. It also improved the isometric and isokinetic peak torque from the muscle group submitted to the stretching and its antagonist group. / A relação entre alterações na flexibilidade e torque muscular pósalongamentos tem sido pouco explorada pela literatura. São inúmeras as técnicas e posturas de alongamento sendo utilizadas tanto nas clínicas quanto em atividades esportivas. A técnica de alongamento ativo excêntrico realizada na postura em pé, com descarga de peso no membro alongado, estão entre elas. Sendo assim, o maior conhecimento das alterações geradas após sua aplicação, dará suporte para que sejam executadas mediante evidências científicas que comprovem sua eficácia. Objetivo: foi avaliar o efeito de um programa de alongamento ativo excêntrico dos músculos flexores do joelho na postura em pé com descarga de peso no membro avaliado, sobre as variáveis: Amplitude de movimento (AM) de extensão do joelho, torque passivo dos músculos flexores do joelho e torque isométrico e isocinético dos músculos extensores e flexores do joelho. Metodologia: foram selecionados 34 voluntários, de ambos os sexos, com idade de 34,42 ± 9,3 anos, sedentários, saudáveis e com, no mínimo, 20º de encurtamento dos músculos flexores do joelho. Todas as variáveis estudadas foram avaliadas pré e pós-programa de alongamento, em um Dinamômetro Isocinético (Biodex Multi-joint System 3). O programa de alongamento dos músculos flexores do joelho foi realizado duas vezes por semana durante quatro semanas. Cada sessão de alongamento consistiu de sete repetições de 1min de alongamento intercaladas com 30 s de repouso. A avaliação da Amplitude de movimento e do torque passivo foram realizados passivamente. O toque isométrico e isocinético concêntrico e excêntrico dos músculos extensores e flexores do joelho, foram testados por meio de contrações voluntárias máximas Contração Voluntária Máxima (CVM) nas velocidades a 30º/s e 60º/s. Resultados: demonstraram aumento na amplitude de movimento de extensão do joelho de 53,7 ± 13° para 30,1 ± 16° (p = 0,0001). O valor do torque passivo não alterou significativamente (11,2 ± 3N para 10,6 ± 3N; p = 0,09). O torque isométrico extensor aumentou de 178,68 ± 67,8N para 187,58 ± 73,5N (p = 0,006) e o flexor de 89,68 ± 32,62N para 93,87 ± 33,12N (p = 0,01). O torque isocinético concêntrico dos músculos extensores aumentou a 60°/s de 144,44 ± 51,6 N para 151,57 ± 58,2N; (p = 0,02) e o excêntrico a 30°/s de 175,4 ± 71,6 N para 189,9 ± 73,8 N; (p = 0,01). O torque isocinético tanto excêntrico quanto concêntrico dos músculos flexores do joelho aumentou a 30°/s (de 100,3 ± 34,2 N para 105,63 ± 35 N; p = 0,01 e de 90,7 ± 31,7 N para 96,7 ± 31,8 N; p = 0,001, respectivamente). Conclusão: o programa de alongamento ativo excêntrico dos músculos flexores do joelho, realizado na postura em pé, foi efetivo em aumentar a amplitude de movimento de extensão do joelho, sendo assim aumentou a flexibilidade dos flexores do joelho, embora não tenha constatado alteração no torque passivo. Também se mostrou eficaz em aumentar o pico de torque isométrico e isocinético tanto do grupo muscular submetido ao alongamento quanto do seu antagonista.

Introduction: Maximum running acceleration essential components in many sports. The identification of specific training protocols to maximize sprint speed would be useful knowledge for soccer coaches and players. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a high-speed treadmill with the use of a body-weight support system in a 6-week sport acceleration program on: 40-yard sprint time, maximal isometric knee flexor and extensor strength. Methods: 32 female soccer players (age 16 ± 1.19 yrs) participated in two treatment groups and one control group. Both treatment groups participated in a 12-session sport acceleration program. The first treatment group utilized a body-weight support system while on a high-speed treadmill; the second group used a standard treadmill with no body weight support system. The control group, NT, did not participate in a sports acceleration program and did not alter their exercise routines outside of the study. Results: For each variable an Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) was performed. 40-yard sprint times for treatment groups were shown to improve significantly as compared to the control group (p = 0.0007 for high-speed treadmill with body-weight support system, p= < 0.0001 for standard treadmill without body-weight support system). Isometric flexor and extensor strengths did not show significant differences between treatment groups and control group. P-values for the high-speed with body-weight support system were (p = 0.53) for flexors and (p = 0.51) for extensors as compared to the control group. P-values for the standard treadmill with no body-weight support system were (p = 0.19) for extensors and (p = 0.0263) for flexors. It is noted that the extensor muscles were nearly significant for the standard treadmill with no body-weight support system. Discussion: These results can help high school coaches and athletes determine the optimal treadmill training regime. The current study shows that a high-speed treadmill with body-weight support system is just as beneficial as standard treadmill training.

Mellan år 2020 och år 2021 registrerades 381 operationer av böjsenskador i Sverige. Rehabiliteringsprocessen efter en böjsenskada är lång och kräver kontinuerlig uppföljning. Uppföljningen sker genom mätningar av böj- och sträckförmågan i de fingrar som patienten opererat. Mätningarna utförs i nuläget manuellt med goniometer, där vinklarna i fingrarnas leder mäts, en gång per vecka på en handkirurgisk mottagning. Handkirurgiska kliniken på Södersjukhuset i Stockholm efterfrågade ett digitalt mätverktyg som skulle göra det möjligt för patienten att på ett tillförlitligt sätt mäta vinklarna hemma i stället för på kliniken. Målet med projektet var således att skapa ett mätverktyg som mäter vinklarna med ett mätfel på högst 5 grader. Ett mätverktyg utvecklades som utför mätning av vinklar med hjälp av en bild användaren tagit. Mätverktyget är kompatibelt med Androidenheter och kan implementeras i en redan existerande Androidapplikation. Tester visade att mätverktyget har ett mätfel med ett medelvärde på 5 grader eller lägre för proximala interfalangealleden och distala interfalangealleden. Vidare var medelfelet 7,3 grader respektive 6,4 grader för metakarpofalangealleden vid böjt respektive sträckt finger, samt 10 grader för totalt aktivt rörelseomfång (total active motion). / Between 2020 and 2021, 381 operations for flexor tendon injuries were registered in Sweden. The rehabilitation following surgery is long and requires continuous monitoring. Presently the monitoring is done through manual measurements of the patients flexing and extending capability of the fingers affected. The measurement is performed at a hand surgery department with a handheld goniometer, initially once a week. The hand surgery department at Södersjukhuset in Stockholm requested a digital tool that allows the patient to reliably measure the angles of the fingers bending and stretching capability at home instead of at the clinic. The objective of the project was therefore to create a measurement tool that measures these angles with a maximum error of 5 degrees. A measurement tool was developed where the measurement of angles takes place from an image taken by the user. The measurement tool is compatible with Android devices and can be implemented in an existing Android application. Tests showed that the measurement tool has a mean measurement error of 5 degrees or less for the proximal interphalangeal joint and the distal interphalangeal joint. In addition, the mean error was 7.3 degrees and 6.4 degrees for the metacarpophalangeal joint, bent and stretched respectively, and 10 degrees for total active motion.

Einleitung: Die oberflächliche Beugesehne (OBS) ist die am häufigsten verletzte Struktur des Bewegungsapparates von Pferden. Verletzungen der OBS verursachen ökonomische Einbußen im Pferdesport, sind unter Tierschutzaspekten hochrelevant und sind gekennzeichnet von langen Rekonvaleszenzzeiten von 9--18 Monaten und einer Wiederverletzungsrate von bis zu 80 %. Um Sehnenverletzungen, deren Heilung und den Therapieerfolg zu detektieren, bedarf es grundlegender Kenntnisse der Sehnenbiomechanik. Zur Anwendung kommende Messmethoden sollten idealerweise hochpräzise, minimalinvasiv und über einen längeren Zeitraum einsetzbar sein. Bislang etablierte Methoden genügen diesen Ansprüchen nur teilweise. Daher soll biplanare Hochfrequenz-Fluoreszenz-Kinematografie (FluoKin) als aktueller Goldstandard für Bewegungsstudien auf ihren Einsatz an equinen Sehnengewebe geprüft werden. Ziele der Untersuchungen waren es daher, 1) die Messgenauigkeit von FluoKin zu bestimmen und hinsichtlich Dehnbarkeitsmessungen equiner OBS zu evaluieren, 2) eine Technik zur Nutzung von FluoKin (3D-Röntgenmethode) zu finden, um die Bewegung eines Weichteilgewebes im Röntgenvideo zu visualisieren, 3) diese Methodik in zyklischen Zugprüfversuchen mit gesunden und Kollagenase-geschädigten OBS ex vivo zu prüfen und dafür eine geeignete Haltevorrichtung für die Sehnen zu entwickeln, 4) in einem Pilotversuch die Technik in vivo zu übertragen und in wiederkehrenden Messserien die Dehnung von gesundem, verletztem und heilendem Sehnengewebe zu messen. Tiere, Material und Methoden: Die Präzisionsmessungen wurden mit einem maßgefertigten Testplättchen und einer gefrorenen distalen Vordergliedmaße (VGlm) jeweils statisch (1976 und 5473 Bilder) und in Bewegung (2816 und 5021 Bilder) durchgeführt. Die Sehnenhaltevorrichtung inkl. Kryo-Klemme wurde neben dem Einsatz in der Ex-vivo-Studie zusätzlich Langzeittests (bis 50 min) und Rupturversuchen bis 10 kN (Maschinenlimit) unterzogen. Im Rahmen der Ex-vivo-Zugprüfversuche wurden 13 OBS von VGlm in Schritt (2 %)- und Trab (4 %)-simulierender Dehnung zyklisch getestet. Vier weitere Proben wurden mit Kollagenase inkubiert und inkl. einer Kontrollgruppe (n=4) bei 6 % getestet. Die biomechanischen Kenngrößen wurden von der Zugprüfmaschine erfasst und anhand der Bewegung von implantierten, röntgendichten Markern in zeitgleich aufgenommenen FluoKin-Videos errechnet. In der In-vivo-Langzeitstudie (37 Wochen) wurde in vier FluoKin-Messungen das Dehnverhalten der OBS beider VGlm eines Shetland Ponys in Schritt und Trab ermittelt. Vor der zweiten FluoKin-Messung wurde im mittleren metakarpalen Segment einer OBS eine Sehnenläsion mit Kollagenase induziert, deren Heilungsverlauf verfolgt wurde. Die Ergebnisbeschreibung erfolgte sowohl deskriptiv als auch bei entsprechender Stichprobengröße mit t-Tests (p<0,05). Ergebnisse: In Präzisionsmessungen wurden sowohl die Messgenauigkeit der FluoKin-Anlage (max. Exaktheit von 0,0287 mm ± 0,0377 mm), als auch die zu erwartende Standardabweichung in der studienrelevanten Region (Os metacarpale III, OBS) ermittelt. Im Rahmen der Ex-vivo-Zugprüfversuche wurde eine Haltevorrichtung inkl. Kryo-Klemme für equine OBS entwickelt, welche Probleme herkömmlicher Einspanntechniken zuverlässig löst. Erstmals konnten biomechanische Kenngrößen für die OBS von Shetland Ponys ermittelt werden. Im Mittel konnten abhängig von der Dehnungsrate (simulierter Schritt und Trab) eine Maximalkraft von 325 bzw. 953 N, eine Zugfestigkeit von 1649 bzw. 4820 N/cm² und ein Elastizitätsmodul von 828 bzw. 1212 MPa verzeichnet werden. Nach Inkubation mit Kollagenase stieg die Längenänderung im Mittel um 4,87 %. In vivo konnte die Dehnungszunahme der geschädigten OBS im Schritt bestätigt werden (2,86 % auf 3,38 %); im Trab zeigte sich hingegen ein Abfall (6,78 % auf 5,96 %). Schlussfolgerungen: FluoKin wurde als hochpräzise und minimalinvasive Messtechnik zur Ermittlung der Sehnendehnung equiner OBS ex vivo und erstmals in vivo erfolgreich eingesetzt. Dank der neu entwickelten Haltevorrichtung inkl. Kryo-Klemme konnten langandauernde Ex-vivo-Zugprüfversuche durchgeführt werden. Hierbei zeigten sich Änderungen des Dehnverhaltens der OBS (Konditionierung, Hysterese, Kriechphänomen), was die Notwendigkeit solcher Versuche für die Beschreibung des biomechanischen Verhaltens von Sehnen verdeutlicht. Der In-vivo-Pilotversuch unterstreicht die Bedeutung von FluoKin für innovatives und hochpräzises Monitoring von Sehnenläsionen in Langzeitstudien.:1 Einleitung 2 Literaturübersicht 2.1 Sehnengewebe 2.1.1 Histologischer und molekularer Aufbau 2.1.2 Biomechanik 2.1.3 Einflüsse auf die Sehnenstruktur und -zusammensetzung 2.2 Tendinopathien der oberflächlichen Beugesehne 2.2.1 Ätiologie 2.2.2 Heilung 2.3 Möglichkeiten zur Bestimmung der Sehnendehnbarkeit 2.3.1 Ex-vivo-Zugprüfversuche mit Sehnen 2.3.2 In-vivo-Ermittlung der Sehnendehnbarkeit 2.4 Zentrale Fragestellungen 3 Publikation 1 Zyklische Zugprüfversuche mit einer neuartigen Kryo-Klemme an oberflächlichen Beugesehnen von Shetland Ponys kombiniert mit biplanarer Hochfrequenz-Fluoreszenz-Kinematografie 4 Publikation 2 Biplanare Hochfrequenz-Fluoreszenz-Kinematografie an der oberflächlichen Beugesehne eines Shetland Ponys – eine In-vivo-Pilotstudie 5 Diskussion 5.1 Diskussion von Material und Methoden 5.1.1 Ermittlung der Messgenauigkeit von FluoKin 5.1.2 Verwendetes Tiermaterial 5.1.3 Implantationstechnik für Sehnenmarker 5.1.4 Aufbau der Ex-vivo-Zugprüfversuche 5.2 Bestimmung der Sehnendehnbarkeit mit FluoKin 5.2.1 Sehnendehnung ex vivo und in vivo in nativem Sehnengewebe 5.2.2 Sehnendehnung ex vivo und in vivo in Kollagenase-geschädigtem Sehnengewebe 5.3 Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick 5.3.1 Praktische und klinische Relevanz 5.3.2 Fazit und Perspektiven 6 Zusammenfassung 7 Summary 8 Literaturverzeichnis 9 Anhang 9.1 Bauplan des Messplättchens zur Genauigkeitsbestimmung von FluoKin 9.2 Baupläne der Einspanntechnik für Zugprüfversuche mit equinen OBS 9.2.1 Kronbeinhalterung 9.2.2 Kryo-Klemmen 9.3 Genauigkeit von biplanaren Fluoroskopie-Systemen in Abhängigkeit des Versuchsaufbaus 9.4 Lagerungseinflüsse auf biomechanische Eigenschaften von Sehnengewebe 9.5 Vorträge und Präsentationen während der Doktorarbeitszeit / Introduction: The superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) is the most frequently injured structure of the musculoskeletal system of horses. Injuries of the SDFT are relevant under animal welfare aspects, cause substantial economic losses in equestrian sport and are associated by long convalescence times of 9 to 18 months and a re-injury rate of up to 80 %. In order to detect tendon injuries, improve their healing and the success of therapy, fundamental knowledge of tendon biomechanics is required. The measurement methods to be used should ideally be highly precise, minimally invasive and applicable over a long period of time. So far, established methods only partially meet these requirements. Therefore, biplanar high-speed fluoroscopic kinematography (FluoKin) as the current gold standard for movement studies will be tested for its use on equine tendon tissue Aims of the study were therefore 1) to determine the measurement accuracy and precision of FluoKin and to evaluate it with regard to measurements on the equine SDFT, 2) to find a technique for using FluoKin (a 3D X-ray method) for visualizing the movement of a soft tissue in X-ray video, 3) to test this methodology in cyclic tensile tests with healthy and collagenase-incubated SDFT ex vivo and to develop a suitable holding device for the tendons in the testing machine, 4) to transfer the technique in an in vivo pilot study on a pony and to measure the elongation of healthy, injured and healing tendon tissue in measurement series. Materials and Methods: Precision measurements were performed with a custom-made test sheet and a frozen distal forelimb static (1976 and 5473 frames) and in motion (2816 and 5021 frames) resp. The tendon holding device with a cryo-clamp was subjected to long-term cyclic tests (up to 50 min) and rupture tests up to 10 kN (machine limit) in addition to its use in the ex vivo study. As part of the ex vivo tensile testing, 13 SDFT of forelimbs were cyclically tested in walk (2 % strain) and trot (4 % strain) simulated elongation. Four additional specimens were incubated with collagenase and tested including a control group (n=4) at 6 % strain. Biomechanical parameters were recorded by the testing machine and calculated from the movement of implanted radiopaque markers in simultaneously recorded FluoKin videos. In the in vivo long-term study (37 weeks) the strain behaviour of the SDFT of both forelimbs of a Shetland pony at walk and trot were determined in four FluoKin measurements. Before the second FluoKin measurement, a tendon lesion was induced with collagenase in the mid-metacarpal segment of one SDFT, and its healing process was monitored. The description of the results was done both descriptively and, with an appropriate sample size, with t-tests (p<0.05). Results: Measurements to assess the precision of both the FluoKin system (max. accuracy of 0.0287 mm ± 0.0377 mm) and the standard deviation to be expected in the region relevant to the study (Os metacarpale III, SDFT). For the ex vivo tensile tests, a holding device with a cryo-clamp for equine SDFT was developed that reliably solved problems of conventional clamping techniques. For the first time, biomechanical parameters for the SDFT of Shetland ponies could be determined. On average, depending on the strain rate (simulated walk and trot), a maximum force of 325 N and 953 N resp., a tensile strength of 1649 N/cm² and 4820 N/cm² resp. and a modulus of elasticity of 828 MPa and 1212 MPa resp. was recorded. After incubation with collagenase, the change in length increased by an average of 4.87 %. In vivo, this increased elongation of the collagenase-injured SDFT could be confirmed at walk (2.86 % to 3.38 %); in contrast, a decrease in strain was observed at trot (6.78 % to 5.96 %). Conclusions: FluoKin was successfully used as a highly precise and minimally invasive measurement technique to determine the tendon strain of equine SDFT ex vivo and for the first time also in vivo. Thanks to the newly developed holding device with a cryo-clamp, long-term ex vivo tensile tests could be carried out and changes in the strain behaviour of the SDFT became apparent (conditioning, hysteresis, creep). This shows the necessity of such tests for the description of the biomechanical behaviour of tendons. The in vivo pilot study underlines the importance of FluoKin for innovative and highly accurate monitoring of tendon lesions in long-term studies.:1 Einleitung 2 Literaturübersicht 2.1 Sehnengewebe 2.1.1 Histologischer und molekularer Aufbau 2.1.2 Biomechanik 2.1.3 Einflüsse auf die Sehnenstruktur und -zusammensetzung 2.2 Tendinopathien der oberflächlichen Beugesehne 2.2.1 Ätiologie 2.2.2 Heilung 2.3 Möglichkeiten zur Bestimmung der Sehnendehnbarkeit 2.3.1 Ex-vivo-Zugprüfversuche mit Sehnen 2.3.2 In-vivo-Ermittlung der Sehnendehnbarkeit 2.4 Zentrale Fragestellungen 3 Publikation 1 Zyklische Zugprüfversuche mit einer neuartigen Kryo-Klemme an oberflächlichen Beugesehnen von Shetland Ponys kombiniert mit biplanarer Hochfrequenz-Fluoreszenz-Kinematografie 4 Publikation 2 Biplanare Hochfrequenz-Fluoreszenz-Kinematografie an der oberflächlichen Beugesehne eines Shetland Ponys – eine In-vivo-Pilotstudie 5 Diskussion 5.1 Diskussion von Material und Methoden 5.1.1 Ermittlung der Messgenauigkeit von FluoKin 5.1.2 Verwendetes Tiermaterial 5.1.3 Implantationstechnik für Sehnenmarker 5.1.4 Aufbau der Ex-vivo-Zugprüfversuche 5.2 Bestimmung der Sehnendehnbarkeit mit FluoKin 5.2.1 Sehnendehnung ex vivo und in vivo in nativem Sehnengewebe 5.2.2 Sehnendehnung ex vivo und in vivo in Kollagenase-geschädigtem Sehnengewebe 5.3 Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick 5.3.1 Praktische und klinische Relevanz 5.3.2 Fazit und Perspektiven 6 Zusammenfassung 7 Summary 8 Literaturverzeichnis 9 Anhang 9.1 Bauplan des Messplättchens zur Genauigkeitsbestimmung von FluoKin 9.2 Baupläne der Einspanntechnik für Zugprüfversuche mit equinen OBS 9.2.1 Kronbeinhalterung 9.2.2 Kryo-Klemmen 9.3 Genauigkeit von biplanaren Fluoroskopie-Systemen in Abhängigkeit des Versuchsaufbaus 9.4 Lagerungseinflüsse auf biomechanische Eigenschaften von Sehnengewebe 9.5 Vorträge und Präsentationen während der Doktorarbeitszeit