In the United States, turnover threatens the economic status of the restaurant industry. In 2016, the turnover rate for the fast-casual restaurant dining industry was 1.8 million people with approximately 3 million people working in the industry. Restaurant leaders struggle with solutions to help reduce the problems of turnover. Guided by the servant leadership theory, the purpose of this correlational study was to examine the relationship between empowerment, interpersonal support, and turnover in the fast-casual restaurant industry. A convenient sample of fast-casual restaurant supervisors (n =58) in the Midwestern region of the United States completed a survey with questions related to empowerment and interpersonal support from the servant leadership survey and questions from the turnover survey. The results of a multiple regression did not predict turnover F(8, 49) = .976; p >.05; R2 = .137). The effect size indicated that the regression model accounted for 14% of the variance in turnover. Empowerment (β = -.023, p = .916) did not relate any significant variation in turnover. Interpersonal support (β = .066, p = .146) did not relate any significant variation in turnover. Empowerment and interpersonal support could affect social change by enhancing the well-being of employees, which can encourage employees to provide better service in the restaurant business. Empowerment and interpersonal support include motivating factors in employee development, leading to volunteer and charitable contributions in the communities.

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Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Hospitality Management and Dietetics / Deborah D. Canter / The culture-change movement in skilled nursing facilities is challenging foodservices to consider their role in supporting the paradigm shift to person-centered care. Optimal nutrition for residents supports physical and emotional health of institutionalized older adults. The purpose of this study was to explore factors associated with resident dining in skilled nursing facilities that have transitioned from a traditional foodservice system to restaurant-style dining. The study investigated foodservice employee perceptions of resident satisfaction with foodservices, foodservice employee job satisfaction, and effect of the delivery system transition on employee intent to leave. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase I was a case study of one skilled nursing facility’s transition from the traditional foodservice to restaurant-style dining. Phase II consisted of a survey of residents and employees in seven skilled nursing facilities utilizing restaurant-style dining. Two questionnaires, addressing the constructs of food quality, service quality, and customization relating to resident satisfaction with foodservices, were developed and administered to residents and foodservice employees. The Phase 1 case study revealed differences in financial and unintended weight loss data from pre- to post-menu transitioning. Focus groups provided insight into resident satisfaction with food and foodservices. In both phases, residents were satisfied with restaurant-style dining. Statements regarding the ability to choose foods at meals times scored highly. Service statements such as “Being treated respectfully by employees” were rated high by the residents. Portion sizes and food quality consistency were rated lower by residents. Employee perceptions of resident satisfaction were consistent with the resident ratings of satisfaction. Foodservice employee job satisfaction was high and intent to leave was low. Job satisfaction mediated the relationship between the employee perception of resident service and their intent to leave. Overall, restaurant-style dining appears to be a positive alternative to the traditional foodservice system in skilled nursing facilities. Implications and future research are discussed.

Hos barn förekommer allergier, överkänsligheter och intoleranser mot födoämnen allt oftare. För dessa tillstånd krävs näringsrik specialkost. Celiaki är ett sådant exempel som kräver en strikt kosthållning helt fri från gluten för ett gott välmående. Syftet med arbete är att undersöka hur måltidsservice på några av de olika produktionsköken i Umeå kommun arbetar med specialkost på förskolor. Studien baseras på sju stycken kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det insamlade materialet analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade på att produktionsköken har strikta rutiner angående specialkost och en god kommunikation ger trygghet för både kökspersonalen och föräldrarna. Resultatet pekade på att barn vid kommunens förskolor har intyg och arbetet med specialkost uppfattas som tidskrävande. Utbildning angående specialkost på produktionsköken var bra medan det framkom variation bland förskolepersonalens utbildning och utbudet av utbildning. Strikta rutiner följs i produktionsköken för att garantera en icke kontaminerad måltid för barnen som behöver följa en specialkost. / Allergies, oversensitivity, and intolerances towards food are more becoming more common found amongst children. For these kinds of diseases, a nutritious special diet is required. Same thing is necessary for children with coeliac disease, that due to the certain condition requires a strict gluten free diet for a good wellbeing. The purpose of this thesis was to investigate how the food service in Umeå county is working with special diets for preschools in the different production kitchens. Seven qualitative interviews that were semi structured where collected. This data was thereafter analyzed with content analysis. The result showed that the production kitchens had strict routines regarding special diets, and a good communication is a vital part for the safety between kitchen staff and the children's parents. Further on, the result indicates that the children need to have a certain certificate and that special diets are perceived as a time consuming. Education about special diets were seen as good in the production kitchens, whereas at the preschools the educational level and possibility to educate themselves were more varied. Strict routines are followed to guarantee a non-contaminated meal for the children that are required to follow a special diet.

Os custos em organizações públicas representam o indicador de sua eficiência econômica. Distinguindo-se das empresas particulares, que visam lucros, os serviços públicos com seus objetivos sociais bem definidos, incluindo, no caso das Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição da Divisão de Alimentação COSEAS/USP, a concessão de subsídio, precisam ter seus custos avaliados e acompanhados para instrumentalizar as decisões da Administração Pública, quanto à alocação dos recursos orçamentários. Neste trabalho, pretendeu-se realizar uma análise dos custos das refeições nas seis Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição no ano de 1997, a preços de abril de 1998. Visualizando a produção de refeições dentro do enfoque da função de produção, os custos foram estudados segundo plantas de produção, e ao longo do ano, destacando-se os custos diretos dos custos totais, que incluíram os custos indiretos dos serviços dos setores da Administração e do Serviço de Distribuição. A abordagem dos valores nutritivos das refeições, em relação à energia, macronutrientes, cálcio e ferro, foi realizada na fase de planejamento e produção, com a finalidade de se analisarem os custos do seu insumo básico: os gêneros alimentícios. Como principais resultados têm-se que as refeições produzidas excederam o valor de energia, nutrientes e custo em gêneros alimentícios, dos cardápios planejados, para cada Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição. Os custos diretos, também diferenciados por planta de produção, apontaram a maior planta como a mais eficiente, pela diluição dos custos fixos. Um outro resultado importante refere-se aos subsídios associados às refeições das Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição/USP. Os subsídios por refeição variaram de 33 a 85%, de acordo com a categoria de usuários (não se considerando os bolsistas que desfrutam de 100%). As percentagens de subsídios são ainda superiores, uma vez que neste estudo não foi viável a apropriação de custos de serviços públicos e depreciação de equipamentos. / In public organizations, costs are indicators of their economic efficiency. Different from private companies that seek profits, public service institutions-with their clearly defined social purposes and subsidies- need to evaluate and monitor their costs in order to supply the public administration with data for the allocation of budget resources. This work intends to analyse meal costs in six restaurants of the University of São Paulo foodservice department in 1997, based on April 1998 prices. Observing the meal production, the costs were studied in each of the six foodservice facilities during the year. Direct costs were separated from the overall costs in which were included the indirect costs of the departments of Administration and Services. In the stage of meal planning and production, the study of nutritive values of energy, macronutrients, calcium and iron was performed with the intent of analysing the costs of the meal basic component – food supplies. As a result, the produced meals surpassed the quantity of energy, nutrients and food costs that had been previously planned in the menus. The direct costs showed that the restaurant that produced the largest number of meals was the most efficient due to the reduction of costs. Another important result is related to the subsidies for the meals. The subsidies per meal ranged from 33 to 85% according to the user categories (students who have 100% subsidies were not considered). The percentage of subsidies is still higher once in this study it was not possible to calculate the costs of the public services, and the depreciation of equipament.

Os custos em organizações públicas representam o indicador de sua eficiência econômica. Distinguindo-se das empresas particulares, que visam lucros, os serviços públicos com seus objetivos sociais bem definidos, incluindo, no caso das Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição da Divisão de Alimentação COSEAS/USP, a concessão de subsídio, precisam ter seus custos avaliados e acompanhados para instrumentalizar as decisões da Administração Pública, quanto à alocação dos recursos orçamentários. Neste trabalho, pretendeu-se realizar uma análise dos custos das refeições nas seis Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição no ano de 1997, a preços de abril de 1998. Visualizando a produção de refeições dentro do enfoque da função de produção, os custos foram estudados segundo plantas de produção, e ao longo do ano, destacando-se os custos diretos dos custos totais, que incluíram os custos indiretos dos serviços dos setores da Administração e do Serviço de Distribuição. A abordagem dos valores nutritivos das refeições, em relação à energia, macronutrientes, cálcio e ferro, foi realizada na fase de planejamento e produção, com a finalidade de se analisarem os custos do seu insumo básico: os gêneros alimentícios. Como principais resultados têm-se que as refeições produzidas excederam o valor de energia, nutrientes e custo em gêneros alimentícios, dos cardápios planejados, para cada Unidade de Alimentação e Nutrição. Os custos diretos, também diferenciados por planta de produção, apontaram a maior planta como a mais eficiente, pela diluição dos custos fixos. Um outro resultado importante refere-se aos subsídios associados às refeições das Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição/USP. Os subsídios por refeição variaram de 33 a 85%, de acordo com a categoria de usuários (não se considerando os bolsistas que desfrutam de 100%). As percentagens de subsídios são ainda superiores, uma vez que neste estudo não foi viável a apropriação de custos de serviços públicos e depreciação de equipamentos. / In public organizations, costs are indicators of their economic efficiency. Different from private companies that seek profits, public service institutions-with their clearly defined social purposes and subsidies- need to evaluate and monitor their costs in order to supply the public administration with data for the allocation of budget resources. This work intends to analyse meal costs in six restaurants of the University of São Paulo foodservice department in 1997, based on April 1998 prices. Observing the meal production, the costs were studied in each of the six foodservice facilities during the year. Direct costs were separated from the overall costs in which were included the indirect costs of the departments of Administration and Services. In the stage of meal planning and production, the study of nutritive values of energy, macronutrients, calcium and iron was performed with the intent of analysing the costs of the meal basic component – food supplies. As a result, the produced meals surpassed the quantity of energy, nutrients and food costs that had been previously planned in the menus. The direct costs showed that the restaurant that produced the largest number of meals was the most efficient due to the reduction of costs. Another important result is related to the subsidies for the meals. The subsidies per meal ranged from 33 to 85% according to the user categories (students who have 100% subsidies were not considered). The percentage of subsidies is still higher once in this study it was not possible to calculate the costs of the public services, and the depreciation of equipament.

Globally, there is a growing demand for food away from home as a result of higher incomes, changes in consumption patterns, changes in household composition, and the time pressures created by dual-working families. The foodservice industry has become highly competitive as the number of foodservice outlets has increased to meet the demand. In order to succeed in such a competitive industry, restaurant operators need to understand the factors (and their relative importance) that influence restaurant patrons’ decision when selecting a restaurant. The demand for ethnic foods has also increased, in New Zealand and worldwide, due to the influences of ethnic diversity, overseas food and cultural experiences, and media exposure. Despite the importance of restaurant choice criteria and a growth in popularity of ethnic foods, published research on consumers’ restaurant selection behaviour that focuses on the ethnic segment is relatively limited. Furthermore, there are no published empirical studies on ethnic restaurant choice behaviour in New Zealand. This research aims to fill these gaps in the literature by empirically identifying the factors that influence a decision to dine at an upscale ethnic restaurant, their relative importance, as well as their relationships with dining occasion and consumer characteristics. Focus group discussions and the literature review helped identify a set of restaurant choice factors. A mail survey was used to collect the data. Factor analysis was used to refine the restaurant choice factors, and logistic regression analysis identified the five significant factors that influence consumers’ decision. These are: Dining Experience, Social Status, Service Quality, Food Quality, and Value for Money, listed in order of their importance. The results of t-tests and ANOVA suggested that consumers perceived the restaurant choice factors differently based on their demographic characteristics. The results of this study contribute to the marketing theory by providing an empirical framework of consumer selection behaviour in New Zealand upscale ethnic dining establishments. The study will also assist marketing practitioners and operators of ethnic restaurants to develop their strategies and offer the attributes that attract and retain customers.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:42:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Kelly_ Lameiro_ Rodrigues.pdf: 1753242 bytes, checksum: 6997ec37fd7ae8ae959a4d8a1f50d6bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-20 / In recent years there has been a large increase in the number of foodservice establishments, especially in the area of collective meals. However, this increase does not always come with the concern about the sanitary quality of meals served. The use of quality control tools in foodservice units is of fundamental importance for the production of safe meals from a microbiological standpoint, besides being a requirement of Brazilian legislation. In the first article the adoption of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (SSOP) and of the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system in institutional foodservice operations in the city of Caxias do Sul RS was evaluated; the results showed the existence of deficiencies in the implementation and use of these quality control tools in food preparation, hot holding and distribution. In the second article the hygienic and sanitary conditions and the effect of implementation of a Prerequisite Program (RRP) in the practices of an institutional foodservice unit in southern Brazil were evaluated; the results showed that GMP arising from PRR may promote the conditions for production of safe meals. In the third article the aim was to validate the procedures for cleaning vegetables served raw in salads and for transport of hot food preparations in an institutional foodservice in the city of Pelotas. The temperatures of the hot food preparations transported, as well as their holding time, were kept within the safety limits prescribed by Brazilian legislation from the end of the cooking process up to the end of the service period. However, high coliform counts of some vegetable samples after hygienization suggest that the procedure need to be adjusted. / Nos últimos anos houve um grande aumento no número de estabelecimentos dedicados ao serviço de alimentos, especialmente na área de refeições coletivas. Contudo, este aumento nem sempre é acompanhado da preocupação com a qualidade higiênico sanitária das refeições servidas. A implantação de sistemas de controle de qualidade nas Unidades de Alimentação e Nutrição (UAN) é de fundamental importância para a produção de refeições seguras do ponto de vista microbiológico, além de ser uma exigência da legislação sanitária brasileira. No primeiro artigo foram avaliadas a adoção de Boas Práticas (BP), Procedimentos Operacionais Padronizados (POP) e sistema de Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC) em UAN de Caxias do Sul RS; os resultados obtidos indicaram que existem falhas na implantação e execução destas ferramentas de controle de qualidade nas etapas de preparação, conservação e distribuição dos alimentos. No segundo artigo avaliaram-se as condições higiênico-sanitárias e o efeito da implantação de Programa Pré-Requisitos (PRR) nas práticas de um serviço de alimentação institucional no sul do Brasil; os resultados mostraram que as BP advindas do PRR podem promover as condições para a produção de refeições seguras. No terceiro artigo o objetivo foi validar os procedimentos de higienização de vegetais servidos crus em saladas e de transporte de preparações alimentícias em um serviço de alimentação institucional da cidade de Pelotas, RS. As temperaturas das preparações transportadas, assim como o tempo de exposição à temperatura ambiente, foram mantidas dentro dos limites preconizados na legislação brasileira desde a pós-cocção até o final da distribuição. Contudo, foram encontradas contagens de coliformes mais altas nas amostras higienizadas do que nas não higienizadas, o que demonstra que o procedimento de higienização de vegetais precisa ser ajustado.

The purposes of this study were. to identify current uses of computers by university foodservice operations and to determine if there.are any differences in computer use among university foodservice operations. The twelve university foodservice directors who responded to the research questionnaire varied significantly in their computer usage and computer characteristics. Institutions serving more than 1,000 meals per day represented 91% of the sample using computers. Chi Square analysis found a significant use of menu-costing programs. The computers were used more than six hours a day by 75% of the sample. The.problems relating to hardware and software selection indicate a lack of assessment of operational needs for foodservice operations. Guidelines to assist foodservice directors in computerization are needed.

Problématique : La société québécoise affiche un intérêt marqué vers des systèmes alimentaires durables, visant à maintenir la santé humaine et de la planète par l’entremise des aliments nutritifs, tout en favorisant le développement économique et social. Dans cette perspective, les gestionnaires de services alimentaires d’établissements de santé peuvent privilégier des pratiques de menus durables (PMD). Peu de recherches existent sur les PMD dans ce contexte, et il s’avère donc important d’étudier leur faisabilité dans les établissements de santé québécois. Objectif : Cette étude vise à évaluer la faisabilité de l’adoption de PMD dans les services alimentaires des établissements de santé québécoises. Méthodologie : Suivant une approche d’application de connaissances intégrée et en partenariat avec le programme Nourrir la Santé (Fondation McConnell), une étude qualitative a été réalisée au moyen d’entretiens individuels semi-dirigés auprès de dix-sept gestionnaires de services alimentaires, recrutés par échantillonnage intentionnel dans dix des trente établissements de santé du Québec. La théorie révisée de la diffusion des innovations, décrivant les neuf déterminants principaux liés aux processus de diffusion d’une innovation (les PMD) dans un système social complexe (les organisations de santé), a structuré la collecte et l’analyse des données. Résultats : Les gestionnaires rapportent être motivés par les PMD. Toutefois, la mise en oeuvre d’actions concrètes s’avère difficile par manque de priorisation organisationnelle. Les défis, plus nombreux que les éléments facilitateurs, incluent la complexité perçue des PMD, le contexte du système de santé, le manque considérable de ressources et l’absence de politiques claires du Ministère de la Santé. Pour une meilleure adoption des PMD, les gestionnaires de services alimentaires ont besoin d’un soutien organisationnel accru, des directives ministérielles claires et plus de collaboration entre tous les acteurs du système alimentaire. Discussion : Cette recherche contribue à une compréhension approfondie de l’expérience de gestion en matière d’adoption de PMD dans divers contextes régionaux et institutionnels. Les résultats suggèrent un besoin de création de partenariats, ainsi que du soutien et des stratégies pouvant éliminer les barrières principales à l’adoption de PMD. / Background: In many societies, as in Quebec, there is an increased interest towards sustainable food systems. Food sustainability aims to maintain human and planetary health through nutritious food, all the while promoting economic and social development. In this perspective, foodservice managers in healthcare institutions can prioritize sustainable menu practices (SMPs). As there is little research on SMPs in this context, it is of uttermost importance to understand their feasibility in healthcare institutions. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the feasibility of adopting SMPs in Quebec healthcare institutions. Methods: Following an integrated knowledge translation and exchange approach and in partnership with Nourish (McConnell Foundation), a qualitative study was carried out using semi-structured interviews with seventeen foodservice managers, recruited through purposeful sampling in ten of thirty healthcare institutions in Quebec. The revised Diffusion of innovations theory, describing the nine principal determinants of the processes of the diffusion of an innovation (SMPs) in a complex social system (healthcare organization), structured the interview guide for data collection and the codebook for data analysis. Results: Managers report being motivated by food sustainability, however this does not always translate to concrete actions due to its lack of prioritization in foodservices. Challenges to adopt and implement SMPs are considerably more recurrent than facilitators. Key barriers include perceived SMP complexity, the context of the healthcare system, a substantial lack of resources and shortfalls in clear political directives from Ministry of Health. Amongst enhanced support and ministry guidance, foodservice managers need increased collaboration between all food system actors for better SMP adoption. Discussion: This research contributes to in-depth understanding of the managerial experience in SMP adoption in various regional and institutional settings. Findings suggest the need for food system partnerships, as well as support and strategies that would remove important barriers in SMP adoption.