S'appuyant sur une recherche qualitative, cette étude fait état des conceptions et des connaissances des directeurs militaires et des directeurs adjoints civils des centres de formation linguistique des Forces canadiennes au sujet du nouveau leadership militaire mis en vigueur par les Forces canadiennes depuis 2005. L'analyse des données obtenues à l'aide d'entretiens téléphoniques semi-dirigés démontre qu'il n'existe chez les participants aucune connaissance du nouveau leadership des Forces canadiennes et très peu de connaissance de l'aspect transformationnel de ce nouveau leadership. En s'inspirant chacun de sa conception personnelle du leadership et de son expérience passée, les participants font preuve dans leur fonctionnement de tous les jours d'un leadership fortement transactionnel traditionnellement militaire. Ce n'est que de façon occasionnelle, le plus souvent après avoir été questionnés en ce sens par le chercheur et avoir pu consulter le document sur l'échelle des comportements d'influence (styles de leadership) fourni par ce dernier que les participants ont pu souligner certains comportements d'influence d'inspiration plutôt transformationnelle. Ainsi, il ne ressort de leurs discours aucune conception explicite du leadership transformationnel qui est pourtant le fer de lance des Forces canadiennes en matière de leadership depuis 2005.

Before entering into a democratic dispensation, South African military and defence systems were constituted by seven disparate armed forces. The transformation of South Africa from a separatist state introduced renewed efforts and challenges to integrate what was once a divided military corps and society. In 1994, the formation of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) was born out of the effort to integrate various statutory and non-statutory armed forces in South Africa, including forces from former TBVC states. Through a phenomenological inquiry, integration experiences of former TBVC Armed Force members into the new SANDF structure are investigated. The study aimed to find out from the former TBVC force members how they were affected by the integration process and what their perception with regards to the effectiveness of the integration process on enhancing representation on all rank levels in the new SANDF was. The findings from in-depth semi-structured interviews with 16 such members indicate that transformation of South Africa’s military outfit into an integrated system is not exactly an epitome of a new and different yet cohesive and unified structure. The notion of ‘integration’ is as such cast as essentially a problematic one where inequalities still reflect in how former statutory and non-statutory force members are treated particularly with regards to promotion opportunities. In addition, there are perceived lingering vestiges of a previous separatist system such as the use of Afrikaans language as a medium of instruction and communication, previous SADF policies which helps produce the idea of integration as more a process of absorption instead. Despite this problematisation of integration processes in shaping how the new SANDF outfit is currently experienced by members, there are perceived benefits from the change brought about by ‘integration’ of forces. Some benefits are as tangible as individual career advancement, while others tend to reflect impacts at systemic level of family where members indirectly profit from the reorganisation and call for adjustment to new settings and structures that followed integration / Research / M.A. (Research Consultation)

Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / Trying to adapt to the post-9/11 challenges to Euro-Atlantic security, the Romanian Ministry of National Defense continues its efforts to modernize and professionalize the country's armed forces in accordance with NATO standards. Part of this process is the development of a Special Forces (SF) capability that is to accomplish initial operational readiness by FY 2005. With appropriate organizational arrangements and focused combat training, the Romanian SF will increase their performance during future deployments in joint and combined settings. This project analyzes Romania's strategic documents, identifies the missions that can be conducted by the country's General-Purpose Forces or other security services, and finally proposes five appropriate tasks for the SF: Combating Terrorism, Counterproliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, Special Reconnaissance, Direct Action, and Security Detail for Romanian officials in crisis zones. In exploring what are the most effective structural arrangements for the Romanian Special Forces, this thesis uses a design program the recommendations of which lead to the proposal of a new organizational structure. Thus, it is determined that Romania's Special Forces elements should develop into a flexible, highly-mobile and joint organization displaying a flat hierarchy and centralized command and control. / Lieutenant, Romanian Army

Thesis (Master of Military Studies)-Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. / Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Feb 1, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Master of Military Studies)-Marine Corps Command and Staff College, 2008. / Title from title page of PDF document (viewed on: Feb 1, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

Dans cette thèse, après une introduction où nous présentons brièvement la physique des forces de Casimir, nous montrons nos résultats obtenus pendant le doctorat. D'abord, nous montrons notre travail sur les interactions de van der Waals / Casimir-Polder lorsque le système est dans une configuration hors équilibre à cause du mouvement uniformément accéléré des atomes. Nous étudions le système de deux atomes uniformément accélérés dans le vide quantique quand ils sont dans leur état fondamental ou dans un état corrélé (un atome excité et un atome dans son état fondamental). Nous analysons ce système avec un modèle heuristique semi-classique et une méthode plus rigoureuse qui nous avons étendu à partir d'une procédure générale développée dans la littérature. Nous trouvons un changement de la dépendance de l'interaction de la distance en raison de l'accélération. Nous montrons que les forces de Casimir-Polder entre deux atomes uniformément accélérés en mouvement relativiste, qui interagissent avec le champ scalaire, présentent une transition à partir d'un comportement thermique à courtes distances, comme prédit par l'effet Unruh, à un comportement non thermique à longues distances, associé à la rupture de la description inertielle et locale du système. En plus, lorsque le cas d'atomes qui interagissent avec le champ électromagnétique quantique est considéré, on constate que de nouvelles caractéristiques apparaissent dans l'interaction.Ensuite, nous présentons notre travail sur un nouveau couplage opto-mécanique d'un miroir oscillant de façon efficace avec un gaz d'atomes de Rydberg, médié par la force atome-miroir dynamique de Casimir-Polder. Nous constatons que ce couplage peut produire une excitation de résonance atomique de champ proche, qui n'est pas liée à l'excitation des atomes par les quelques photons réels attendus de l'effet Casimir dynamique. Dans des conditions expérimentales accessibles, cette probabilité d'excitation est importante (environ 20 %) et rend possible l'observation de ce nouvel effet Casimir-Polder dynamique. Donc nous proposons une configuration expérimentale réaliste pour réaliser ce système fait d'un gaz d'atomes froids piégés mis en face d'un substrat semi-conducteur, dont les propriétés diélectriques sont modulées dans le temps.Enfin, nous nous concentrons sur nos résultats obtenus pour le calcul de la pression Casimir-Lifshitz entre deux réseaux lamellaires diélectriques différents. Ce système est supposé dans une configuration hors équilibre thermique. En fait, les deux réseaux présentent deux températures différentes et ils sont immergés dans un bain thermique ayant une troisième température. Le calcul de la pression est basé sur une méthode qui exploite les opérateurs de diffusion des réseaux, déduits en utilisant la méthode modale de Fourier. Nous présentons nos résultats numériques caractérisant en détail le comportement de la pression, en faisant varier les trois températures et en modifiant les paramètres géométriques des réseaux. Cette variation des paramètres du système permet de régler la force de répulsive à attractive ou de réduire fortement la pression pour des intervalles de températures. En outre, on montre que la combinaison des effets de non-équilibre et géométriques rend ce système particulièrement intéressant pour l'observation de la force de Casimir répulsive. / In this thesis, after an introduction where we briefly present the general context of Casimir physics, we present the results obtained during the PhD. At first, we show our work about the van der Waals/Casimir-Polder interactions between two atoms in an out-of-equilibrium condition due to their uniformly accelerated motion. We study the system of two uniformly accelerated atoms in vacuum space, when they are in their ground-state and when they are in a correlated state (one excited and one ground-state atom). We analyze this system both with an heuristic semiclassical model and with a more rigorous method, based on a separation of radiation reaction and vacuum fluctuations contributions, that we extend starting from a general procedure known in literature. We find a change of the distance-dependence of the interaction due to the acceleration. We show that Casimir-Polder forces between two relativistic uniformly accelerated atoms, interacting with the scalar field, exhibit a transition from the short-distance thermal-like behavior predicted by the Unruh effect to a long-distance nonthermal behavior, associated with the breakdown of a local inertial description of the system. In addition, we obtain new features of the resonance interaction in the case of atoms interacting with the quantum electromagnetic field.Next, we present our work about a new optomechanical coupling of an effectively oscillating mirror with a Rydberg atoms gas, mediated by the dynamical atom-mirror Casimir-Polder force. We find that this coupling may produce a near-field resonant atomic excitation not related to the excitation of atoms by the few real photons expected by dynamical Casimir effect. In accessible experimental conditions, this excitation probability is significant (about 20%) making the observation of this new dynamical Casimir-Polder effect possible. For this reason, we propose a realistic experimental configuration to realize this system made of a cold atom gas trapped in front of a semiconductor substrate, whose dielectric properties are periodically modulated in time.Finally, we focus on our results obtained for the Casimir-Lifshitz pressure between two different dielectric lamellar gratings. This system is assumed to be in an out-of-thermal-equilibrium configuration, i.e. the two gratings have two different temperatures and they are immersed in a thermal bath having a third temperature. The computation of the pressure is based on a method exploiting the scattering operators of the bodies, deduced using the Fourier modal method. In our numerical results we characterize in detail the behavior of the pressure, both by varying the three temperatures and by changing the geometrical parameters of the gratings. In this way we show that it is possible to tune the force from attractive to repulsive or to strongly reduce the pressure for large ranges of temperatures. Moreover, we stress that the interplay between nonequilibrium effects and geometrical periodicity make this system particularly interesting for the observation of the repulsive Casimir force.

Before entering into a democratic dispensation, South African military and defence systems were constituted by seven disparate armed forces. The transformation of South Africa from a separatist state introduced renewed efforts and challenges to integrate what was once a divided military corps and society. In 1994, the formation of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) was born out of the effort to integrate various statutory and non-statutory armed forces in South Africa, including forces from former TBVC states. Through a phenomenological inquiry, integration experiences of former TBVC Armed Force members into the new SANDF structure are investigated. The study aimed to find out from the former TBVC force members how they were affected by the integration process and what their perception with regards to the effectiveness of the integration process on enhancing representation on all rank levels in the new SANDF was. The findings from in-depth semi-structured interviews with 16 such members indicate that transformation of South Africa’s military outfit into an integrated system is not exactly an epitome of a new and different yet cohesive and unified structure. The notion of ‘integration’ is as such cast as essentially a problematic one where inequalities still reflect in how former statutory and non-statutory force members are treated particularly with regards to promotion opportunities. In addition, there are perceived lingering vestiges of a previous separatist system such as the use of Afrikaans language as a medium of instruction and communication, previous SADF policies which helps produce the idea of integration as more a process of absorption instead. Despite this problematisation of integration processes in shaping how the new SANDF outfit is currently experienced by members, there are perceived benefits from the change brought about by ‘integration’ of forces. Some benefits are as tangible as individual career advancement, while others tend to reflect impacts at systemic level of family where members indirectly profit from the reorganisation and call for adjustment to new settings and structures that followed integration / Research / M.A. (Research Consultation)

Diese Arbeit setzt sich mit der Messung und Modellierung von Haftkräften auf rauen Oberflächen auseinander, wobei Filtermaterialien aus dem Sonderforschungsbereich 920 mittels Rasterkraftmikroskopie-Methoden untersucht wurden. Durch eine Vielzahl an Haftkraftmessungen konnte gezeigt werden, dass für schlecht benetzende Oberflächen die Rauheit zur Erhöhung der attraktiven Kräfte führt, da vermehrt mit Kapillarwechselwirkungen zu rechnen ist. Aus diesem Grund erfolgte eine Charakterisierung der Oberflächenmorphologien der Filtermaterialproben und eine kritische Bewertung von Modellen, welche aus Kontaktwinkeldaten die Oberflächenenergien ermitteln. Im Modellierungsteil der Arbeit wurden gängige van der Waals-Kraftmodelle mit Berücksichtigung von Retardationseffekten untersucht. Weiterhin wurden AFM-Scans mit dem Schichtmodell von Dagastine verbunden sowie für die Bewertung von Kapillarkraftmodellen verwendet.:Abbildungsverzeichnis Tabellenverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 2 Stand der Technik 2.1 Reinigung von Metallschmelzen 2.1.1 Stellung des Sonderforschungsbereichs 920 innerhalb der Thematik der Metallschmelzereinigung 2.1.2 Inklusionen in Metallschmelzen - Schmelzprozess, relevante Einschlusstypen und Problematik verunreinigter Gussprodukte 2.1.3 Möglichkeiten der Metallschmelzereinigung 2.1.4 Metallschmelzefiltration 2.2 Rasterkraftmikroskopie 2.2.1 Funktionsweise, Kraftspektroskopie und Imaging 2.2.2 Colloidal Probe Technik 2.3 Benetzung und deren Phänomene 2.3.1 Ansätze zur Quantifizierung von Benetzungsgrößen 2.3.2 Diskussion bezüglich der Oberflächenenergiemodelle 2.3.3 Realsystem: Benetzungsphänomene bei Metallschmelzen auf Keramiken am Beispiel Aluminium 2.4 Haftkräfte und deren Berechnung 2.4.1 DLVO-Kräfte: van der Waals-Wechselwirkungen 2.4.2 nonDLVO-Kräfte 2.4.3 Nanoblasen und Kapillarkräfte 2.4.4 Haftkräfte unter erhöhten Temperaturen, Sinterung 2.4.5 Haftkräfte auf rauen Oberflächen 2.4.6 Kontaktmechanik 2.5 Genutztes Modellsystem, Abgrenzung der Arbeit 3 Material und Methoden 3.1 Material 3.1.1 Substrate 3.1.2 Partikel 3.1.3 Modellschmelze Wasser, Flüssigkeiten für die Kontaktwinkelmessung 3.2 Methoden 3.2.1 Kontaktwinkelmessgerät G10 3.2.2 Rasterkraftmikroskope XE-100 und UHV750 3.2.3 MatLAB-Skripte 3.2.4 Silanisierung 3.3 Vorbetrachtungen 3.3.1 Berechnung der Hamaker-Konstanten der untersuchten Stoffsysteme 3.3.2 Bedeutung eines einheitlichen Protokolls bei AFM- und KWMessungen 4 Auswertung 4.1 Charakterisierung der untersuchten Oberflächen bezüglich ihrer Rauheit mithilfe von AFM-Scans 4.1.1 Kontaktmechanik und sinnvolle Wahl der Scan-Größen sowie Lateral-Auflösung 4.1.2 Höhenprofile (z-Werte) der Filtermaterialien 4.1.3 Rauheitskenngrößen der AFM-Scans 4.1.4 Zusammenfassung 4.2 Kontaktwinkelmessungen und Oberflächenenergieverteilungen 4.2.1 Kontaktwinkelmessungen auf den Filtermaterialien 4.2.2 Oberflächenenergie - Komponentenansätze 4.2.3 Oberflächenenergie - Equation of State 4.2.4 Abschätzen der Hamaker-Konstanten aus der Oberflächenenergie des Feststoffs 4.2.5 Zusammenfassung 4.3 Ergebnisse Kraftspektroskopie 4.3.1 Experimentelle Ergebnisse - Einflussfaktoren Benetzbarkeit, Rauheit und Gasübersättigung 4.3.2 Sondergeometrien 4.3.3 Nachbetrachtung zu den Ergebnissen des Modellsystems 4.3.4 HT-Messungen mit dem Rasterkraftmikroskop 4.3.5 Zusammenfassung 5 Modellierung 5.1 Berücksichtigung von Retardation bei gängigen van der Waals- Kraftmodellen auf rauen Oberflächen in der Mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik 5.2 Van der Waals-Kraft-Modelle für raue Oberflächen zur Beschreibung der experimentellen Daten 5.3 Dagastines Modell in Kombination mit dem Cooper-Ansatz 5.4 Kapillarkräfte durch Nanoblasen auf rauen Oberflächen 5.4.1 Zusammenfassung 6 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 6.1 Zusammenfassung 6.2 Ausblick 7 Anhang 7.1 Ergänzungen zum Kapitel Stand der Technik 7.2 Ergänzungen zum Kapitel Material und Methoden 7.3 Ergänzungen zum Kapitel Auswertung: Rauheit 7.4 Ergänzungen zum Kapitel Auswertung: Kontaktwinkelmessungen und Oberflächenenergien 7.5 Ergänzungen zum Kapitel Auswertung: Literatur- und Messdaten 7.6 Ergänzungen zum Kapitel Auswertung: Modellierung Literaturverzeichnis

Experimental validations are widely used for studying dynamic structural behaviors and these studies involve defining the structures completely as being used in real time. While in numerical simulations such detailed features are not specified to ease the computation, thereby deviating from accurate results. Hence experimental validations are more desired in product developments process. Applications of experimental verification for noise and vibration (referred to as NVH inautomotive industry) are expanding over the last few decades. Researchers are exploring ways to predict the responses on the new receiver using receiver independent forces, which led to evolution of component based TPA (Transfer Path Analysis) concept. The Component based TPA concept is an important development in automotive industry. It allows the auto manufacturers to make use of their available subsystems (like motor or a gearbox) in their newly developing vehicles. This has been made possible by defining the dynamic forces exerted by the source independent of receiving structure, which are then used to predict the responses on the new receiver. Evaluation of such receiver independent forces allows measurements to be made in a test rig rather than in the vehicle. This indeed helps in better communication between different departments or between suppliers and vehicle manufacturers, saves design iterations and time, and would help vehicle manufactures to predict the vehicle structural behaviors much before the first prototype is made. The method is based on the international standard ISO 20270:2019 (en) Acoustics – Characterization of sources of structure-borne sound and vibration – indirect measurement of blocked forces. The thesis is based on evaluating the source characterized forces that are used for predicting responses on a new receiving structure. For this, different methods in TPA are explored and for the rear drive unit application, in-situ method is chosen. The source characterized forces also termed as blocked forces are computed in different test set up and a validation check is performed. The obtained results are also compared with FEM and useful conclusions are drawn. And finally contact forces evaluated by integrating the subsystems are compared to the contact forces derived from the source characterized forces. / Experimentell verifiering av dynamiska krafter och vibrationer som uppkommer i fordon innebär mätning av tids-, frekvens- och/eller varvtalsberoende kvantiteter. Numeriska beräkningar har utvecklats till en hög nivå, men kan ännu inte beskriva alla förlopp och detaljer som förekommer i de verkliga processerna. På grund av detta krävs det fortfarande mätningar som en del av produktionsutvecklingen. Valideringsmetoder för ljud och vibrationer har utvecklats mycket desenaste decennierna, och ett mål har varit att utveckla mätmetoder där de uppmätta krafterna från en komponent som bidrar till buller kan mätas på ett sätt som inte beror på den testrigg eller det fordon den mäts i. Komponentbaserad TPA Transfer Path Analysis är en analysmetod som är viktig inom fordonsindustrin. Den gör det möjligt för en tillverkare att använda modeller av existerande komponenter (t.ex. motorer eller växellådor) i modeller för nya fordon. En grundläggande förutsättning är att de krafter som mäts är oberoende av den mottagande strukturen, det vill säga fordonet. Om krafterna är oberoende av strukturen där de mäts innebär det att komponenten kan mätas i en test rigg på ett annat ställe (till exempel hos en underleverantör) och att tillgång till fordon inte krävs för karaktäriseringen. Det underlättar kommunikationen mellan olika delar av organisationen och mellan underleveratörer och tillverkare och bidrar till att prediktera ljud och vibrationer innan den första prototypen är tillgänglig. Den föreslagna metoden är baserad på den internationella normen ISO 20270:2019 (en) Acoustics – Characterization of sources of structure-borne sound and vibration – indirect measurement of blocked forces. Examensarbetet handlar om att utveckla en mätmetod för att kunna ta fram krafter genererade av komponenter som är oberoende av testriggens egenskaper. De framtagna krafterna kan då användas i en virtuell fordonsmodell för att se ljud och vibrationsbidragen på fordonsnivå. Källan som har studerats är en slutväxel (rear drive unit) för fyrhjulsdrift i bil. Flera olikametoder för TPA har undersöks, och för karaktärisering av slutväxeln har in-situ metoden valts. Krafter som är oberoende av den mottagande strukturen kallas även ‘blocked forces’. Krafterna beräknas baserat på resultaten från flera olika delmätningar. Validering och även jämförelse medFEM beräkningar har gjorts liksom jämförelser mellan mätningar på enbart komponenten och av hela systemet.

Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Performance management entails processes and systems that ensure that organisational activities are geared to promote the achievement of organisational goals. Management of performance is one of the crucial functions to be fulfilled by leaders and managers in an organisation. Management and leaders in an organisation serve as the compass that lead and direct these entities; they should be empowered to optimally fulfil the expected roles and functions. The study resulted from an observation made during internal audit engagements and concerns raised by South African Military Health Services (SAMHS) commanders during these engagements. An initial informal survey of performance management conducted by the researcher during the internal audit engagements confirmed a need for a formal scientific study, hence this formal study. The study was conducted amongst commanders in the SAMHS with their prior voluntary consent to participate in the study. The study participants comprised SAMHS commanders from different levels of this organisation, ranging from directors of professional departments, general officers commanding from different military health formations to officers commanding military units from various provinces. Literature relevant to the studied topic was researched, which ranged from books, legislation and internet articles, as well as internal prescripts of the Department of Defence. A questionnaire was designed and constructed to collect the study information. Central concepts of the study were identified and included in the questionnaire. The study questionnaire was administered to the commanders within the SAMHS, who responded with enthusiasm and diligence. The findings of the study confirmed to a great extent that a performance management training need exists amongst SAMHS commanders. It was also found that SAMHS commanders are willing to undergo performance management training to enhance their functioning. The empirical findings of the study were tabled and analysed on completion of the scientific study and conclusions were drawn from the findings. Based on the findings of the empirical study, conclusions were drawn and recommendations are made. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Prestasiebestuur behels prosesse en stelsels wat verseker dat die organisasie se aktiwiteite op die bereiking van die organisasie se doelwitte gerig is. Bestuur van prestasie is een van die belangrikste funksies wat deur die leiers en bestuurders in 'n organisasie vervul moet word. Die bestuur en leiers in 'n organisasie is die kompas wat leiding en rigting gee vir hierdie entiteite en moet bemagtig word om verwagte rolle en funksies optimaal te vervul. Die studie was die gevolg van 'n waarneming wat gemaak is tydens interne oudit betrokkenheid en bekommernisse wat deur bevelvoerders in die Suid-Afrikaanse Militêre Gesondheidsdiens (SAMGD) aan die lig gebring is. 'n Aanvanklike informele prestasiebestuur-opname wat deur die navorser tydens die interne oudit onderneem is, het die behoefte aan 'n formele wetenskaplike studie bevestig en tot hierdie studie gelei. Die studie is onder die bevelvoerders binne die SAMGD met hulle voorafgaande vrywillige toestemming tot deelname aan die studie onderneem. Die deelnemers aan die studie het SAMGD-bevelvoerders op verskillende vlakke van hierdie organisasie ingesluit. Hulle het vanaf direkteure in professionele departemente, bevelvoerende generaals van verskillende militêre gesondsheidformasies tot bevelvoerders vanuit verskeie provinsies gewissel. Relevante literatuur met betrekking tot die onderwerp is nagevors. Dit het boeke, wetgewing, artikels op die internet en interne voorskrifte van die Departement van Verdediging behels. 'n Vraelys is ontwerp en saamgestel om die nodige inligting vir die studie in te samel. Sentrale konsepte van die studie is geïdentifiseer en by die vraelys ingesluit. Hierdie vraelys is aan die bevelvoerders binne die SAMGD, wat met entoesiasme en ywer gereageer het, voorgelê. Die bevindinge van die studie het tot 'n groot mate bevestig dat daar 'n behoefte aan opleiding in prestasiebestuur onder bevelvoerders binne die SAMGD bestaan. Daar is ook tydens die studie bevind dat bevelvoerders binne die SAMGD bereid is om prestasiebestuurs opleiding te ondergaan om hul funksionering te verbeter. Die empiriese bevindings van die studie is na die wetenskaplike studie getabelleer en geanaliseer en gevolgtrekkings is daarvolgens gemaak. Aanbevelings word op grond van hierdie bevindings van die empiriese studie gemaak.