For many Australians, Fiji is a place of holidays, coups and rugby. The extent to which we think about this near-neighbour of ours is governed, for most, by what we learn about Fiji through the media. In normal circumstances, there is not a lot to learn as Fiji rarely appears in our media. At times of crisis, such as during the 1987 and 2000 coups in Fiji, there is saturation coverage. At these times, the potential for generating understanding is great. The reporting of a crisis can encapsulate all the social, political and economic issues which are a cause or outcome of an event like a coup, elucidating for media consumers the culture, the history and the social forces involved. In particular, the kinds of sources used and the kinds of organisations these sources represent, the kinds of themes presented in the reporting, and the way the journalists go about their work, can have a significant bearing on how an event like a coup is represented. The reporting of the Fiji coups presented the opportunity to examine these factors. As such, the aim of this thesis is to understand the role of the media in building relationships between developed and developing post-colonial nations like Australia and Fiji. A content analysis of 419 articles published in three leading broadsheet newspapers, The Sydney Morning Herald, The Australian and The Canberra Times, examined the basic characteristics of the articles, with a particular focus on the sources used in these articles. This analysis revealed that the reports were dominated by elite sources, particularly representatives of governments, with a high proportion of Australian sources who provided information from Australia. While alternative sources did appear, they were limited in number. Women, Indian Fijians and representatives of non-government organisations were rarely used as sources. There were some variations between the articles from 1987 and those from 2000, primarily an increase in Indian Fijian sources, but overall the profile of the sources were similar. A thematic analysis of the same articles identified and examined the three most prevalent themes in the coverage. These indicated important aspects of the way the coups were represented: the way Fiji was represented, the way Australia's responses were represented, and the way the coup leaders were represented. This analysis found that the way in which the coups were represented reflected the nature of the relationship between Australia and Fiji. In 1987, the unexpected nature of the coup meant there was a struggle to re-define how Fiji should be understood. In 2000, Australia's increased focus on Fiji and the Pacific region was demonstrated by reports which represented the situation as more complex and uncertain, demanding more varied responses. A series of interviews with journalists who travelled to Fiji to cover the coups revealed that the working conditions for Australian media varied greatly between 1987 and 2000. The situational factors, particularly those which limited their work, had an impact on the journalists' ability to access specific kinds of sources and, ultimately, the kinds of themes which appeared in the stories. The variation between 1987 and 2000 demonstrated that under different conditions, journalists were able to access a more diverse range of sources and present more sophisticated perspectives of the coup. In a cross-cultural situation such as this, the impact of reporting dominated by elite sources is felt not just in the country being covered, but also in the country where the reporting appears. It presents a limited representation, which marginalises and downplays the often complex social, cultural and historical factors which contribute to an event like a coup. Debate and alternative ways of understanding are limited and the chance to engage more deeply with a place like Fiji is, by and large, lost.

Foreign correspondence is essential for our understanding of the world and therefore it is paramount that we be aware of how it is affected by modern technology and altered economic conditions. In this study we set out to investigate the state of foreign correspondence today, in comparison to twenty years ago. More specifically we compared foreign news articles from a week in 1993 and the same week in 2013, in the Swedish newspapers Expressen and Dagens Nyheter. We chose these newspapers as we felt they each represented a different area of Swedish journalism, DN being a regular morning newspaper and Expressen being a tabloid newspaper. We looked mainly at three things in the articles: who was the writer, i.e. was the article by a correspondent, a news agency or someone else, what source was used and what part of the world was it about. We then made comparisons between both the different years and the different newspapers, as well as current and twenty years old lists of correspondents. According to the material we looked at there were some clear differences between foreign correspondence 1993 and 2013. Overall the number of correspondents has gone down, although the difference is mainly due to changes made by Expressen, while DN had a much smaller decrease. The number of articles written by correspondents had similarly decreased, however the total number of foreign articles had not. And for Expressen the number of articles based on their own information had actually increased. And so had the number of countries covered during that week. To cover for the decrease in articles written by foreign correspondents, DN had mainly increased their use of news agencies, while Expressen had a considerably larger share of articles written by journalists who are not regular foreign correspondents. The decrease of foreign correspondents had had no negative effect on the amount of articles, covered countries or articles based on the newspapers own information. With an increasingly globalized world, having journalist stationed around it has become less necessary to keeping up a large quantity of foreign articles. Journalism is, however, about more than quantity, and there is reason to be cautious of a foreign journalism that is increasingly written by people lacking specialized knowledge of the area they are writing about.

Thesis (M.J.) - Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 280-299). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Wollongong, 2009. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: pp 276-310.

No description available.

Objetivo: Artigos jornalísticos publicados no diário norte-americano The New York Times por Larry Rohter, seu correspondente no Brasil, tomam como base uma gama de imagens e expectativas sobre o país que seu público possa ter e reconhecer como válidas. Esta pesquisa procura identificar as estratégias textuais adotadas por Rohter para reproduzir, alterar, questionar, negar ou criar representações brasileiras. Métodos: Por meio da análise de discurso crítica, são avaliados os mecanismos de tradução de conceitos próprios do Brasil para um público estrangeiro, a partir de conhecimentos básicos compartilhados e aproximações por analogia com similares norte-americanos. Também é analisada a influência e o reforço de imagens brasileiras esperadas e das expectativas sobre medidas a serem tomadas no campo econômico e político do país. Resultados: Ainda que as narrativas das reportagens partam de imagens brasileiras estereotipadas, quebram-se as expectativas pela eclosão de eventos desviantes, que rompem com o que é esperado pelo público. O desequilíbrio estabelecido por Rohter aumenta o interesse em notícias menos urgentes; essa estratégia não é tão necessária em situações marcadamente conflituosas, que representam desvios na ordem social naturalmente pressupostos nos textos. / Objective: Journalistic articles published in the The New York Times, by Larry Rohter, the newspapers correspondent in Brazil, are based on a full range of impressions and notions regarding the country that his readers might have and might recognize as valid. This study seeks to identify the textual strategies followed by Rohter to reproduce, change, question, deny, or create Brazilian descriptions. Methods: By means of critical discourse analysis, mechanisms for translating concepts peculiar to Brazil for foreign understanding are evaluated, taken from basic shared knowledge and analogies with similar American concepts. The influence and reinforcement of anticipated Brazilian imagery and speculations regarding measures to be taken in the economic and political areas of the country are also analyzed. Results: Even though the storylines call up stereotypical images of Brazil, presuppositions are disrupted by distracting events that emerge and break with what is expected. The imbalance established by Rohter ends up increasing reader interest in less urgent news items, but this strategy is not as necessary in situations that are obviously conflicting, and that represent deviations in the social order, which are naturally presumed in the texts.

The aim of this master thesis is to figure out the role of foreign correspondents within Europe during today’s developments of globalization and digitalization, in the view of professional foreign journalists. The continent becomes closer in terms of politics, currencies and cultures, and a growing infrastructure simplifies travelling and communication. Therefore, the role and function of foreign journalists are more and more questioned. The main focus of this thesis is thereby the case of the foreign correspondence offices of the German public broadcasting network ARD. An auto-ethnographic study was used to base the analysis of this thesis on own perspectives. In a further step interviews with five foreign journalists examine the experiences of professionals in this field. The analysis is based, besides these two qualitative methods, on the theories of Siemes (2000), Cole and Hamilton (2008), and Archetti (2013).The researches’results demonstrate strong arguments for the relevance of the maintenance of foreign correspondences within Europe as the role of public broadcasters in particular is to inform, explain and classify happenings within the own country as well as in foreign areas to the audience. The nearby countries play thereby an important role due to many points of contact; for that reason professional journalists should further on hold the function to care for enlightenment.

Objetivo: Artigos jornalísticos publicados no diário norte-americano The New York Times por Larry Rohter, seu correspondente no Brasil, tomam como base uma gama de imagens e expectativas sobre o país que seu público possa ter e reconhecer como válidas. Esta pesquisa procura identificar as estratégias textuais adotadas por Rohter para reproduzir, alterar, questionar, negar ou criar representações brasileiras. Métodos: Por meio da análise de discurso crítica, são avaliados os mecanismos de tradução de conceitos próprios do Brasil para um público estrangeiro, a partir de conhecimentos básicos compartilhados e aproximações por analogia com similares norte-americanos. Também é analisada a influência e o reforço de imagens brasileiras esperadas e das expectativas sobre medidas a serem tomadas no campo econômico e político do país. Resultados: Ainda que as narrativas das reportagens partam de imagens brasileiras estereotipadas, quebram-se as expectativas pela eclosão de eventos desviantes, que rompem com o que é esperado pelo público. O desequilíbrio estabelecido por Rohter aumenta o interesse em notícias menos urgentes; essa estratégia não é tão necessária em situações marcadamente conflituosas, que representam desvios na ordem social naturalmente pressupostos nos textos. / Objective: Journalistic articles published in the The New York Times, by Larry Rohter, the newspapers correspondent in Brazil, are based on a full range of impressions and notions regarding the country that his readers might have and might recognize as valid. This study seeks to identify the textual strategies followed by Rohter to reproduce, change, question, deny, or create Brazilian descriptions. Methods: By means of critical discourse analysis, mechanisms for translating concepts peculiar to Brazil for foreign understanding are evaluated, taken from basic shared knowledge and analogies with similar American concepts. The influence and reinforcement of anticipated Brazilian imagery and speculations regarding measures to be taken in the economic and political areas of the country are also analyzed. Results: Even though the storylines call up stereotypical images of Brazil, presuppositions are disrupted by distracting events that emerge and break with what is expected. The imbalance established by Rohter ends up increasing reader interest in less urgent news items, but this strategy is not as necessary in situations that are obviously conflicting, and that represent deviations in the social order, which are naturally presumed in the texts.

Qu’il s’agisse des dernières participations aux élections européennes (1999 à 2009), du traité constitutionnel (2005) ou de la crise de l’euro, l’Union européenne fait face depuis plusieurs années à une crise institutionnelle et à une détérioration de son image importantes. Partant de ce constat, la présente thèse a pour objectif, d’une part, de présenter l’UE, à partir de l’analyse de ses institutions, de leurs influences et de leurs dernières stratégies de communication. Ce travail présente, d’autre part, l’organisation et le mode de traitement journalistique de l’information européenne, à travers une mise en parallèle des presses française et italienne, de leurs correspondants et de leurs accrédités auprès de l’UE. A l’ère de l’immédiateté, de la multiplication des sources d’information, mais aussi face aux exigences de rentabilité et de productivité qui s’imposent aux médias, la présente recherche se propose de déterminer si les pratiques et les conditions de travail des accrédités évoluent. Enfin, face à la crise du journalisme et de la presse écrite, et à la montée du rôle de l’Internet et des médias sociaux (web 2.0) dans la publication et la diffusion du scoop et de l’actualité internationale, il s’agit de déterminer si le poste de correspondant est ou non menacé. Nos conclusions, basées notamment sur des enquêtes de terrain, des statistiques et des analyses de contenus d’entretiens semi-directifs et d’articles de journaux, nous permettent d’esquisser l’image de l’UE projetée par les presses des deux pays, de mieux cerner le rôle des journalistes spécialisés sur l’UE et de nuancer les menaces, les opportunités et l’influence des nouveaux médias sur leur travail. / Whether one refers to recent European elections (1999-2009), to the Constitutional Treaty (2005) or to the euro crisis, the European Union has undergone several years of institutional crisis and a deterioration of its image. This is why, this Ph. D. dissertation, first examines the EU, from by analysing its institutions, their influence and their communication strategies. This thesis further presents the organization and the journalistic treatment of European news by conducting a parallel study of the French and Italian press, of their foreign correspondents and of their permanent EU correspondents. In the era of continuous flows, of the proliferation of news sources, and given the profitability and productivity required of media organizations, this thesis aims to determine whether the practices and working conditions of EU accredited correspondents have changed. Finally, given the crisis that journalism and print media, are undergoing and given the growing role of the Internet and social media (web 2.0) in research, publication and dissemination of scoops and international news, it studies whether the correspondent’s professional status is threatened or not. Our conclusions, based in particular on field surveys, statistical and content analyses of semi-structured interviews and newspaper articles, enable us to depict the EU image projected by the press of the two countries, so as to better understand the role of EU specialized journalists and highlight threats, opportunities and influence of new media on their work.

Diploma thesis "Comparation of press agencies and foreign correspondents news contribution" observe, analyze and compare foreing news in main television news sessions on channels Česká televize and FTV Prima. The target is to learn, if foreign television correspondents can distinctly contribute to the news progamme. Working hypothesis comes from theoretical scholar literature and practical experiences of author. The research establish approximate percentage of original correspondet reports and news agency reports edited in Prague in the selected media sample. With quantitative reserach approach the work evaluate parameters of each foreign news report. The goal is to make the analysis the most reliable as possible. It focuses questions as if correspondent brings exclusive topics and topics with relation to Czech republic, if correspondents are pushed to produce feature reports instead of actual reports, if live coverage is really the most up-to-date and authentic form of reporting, if world news agencies are really indispensable source of international news and audiovisual materials and if news agencies offer more complex service than televison correspondents.