Despite the research interests generated among the concept of Responsibility to Protect (R2P) by many, my study has uniquely taken the role of the media to facilitate the implementation of R2P. This was done by examining the nature and gravity of practice of Human Rights Journalism (HRJ) in the international press during the humanitarian crisis in Sri Lanka amidst the overrunning of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) by government forces in May 2009. This study inter-disciplinarily explored the fields of media, human rights and conflict transformation to understand the nexus between R2P and HRJ. Based on the findings on quantitative and qualitative reporting analysis, it was revealed that the international press failed to play its watchdog role to expose the human rights violations and mass atrocity crimes during the humanitarian crisis in Sri Lanka. Besides it also found how the international press failed to draw the international community to consider R2P options on the distant suffering. In Spite of the threats, intimidation and difficulties (whether it was expressed or not) they faced while reporting, majority of the Indian Journalists openly acknowledged the parallel policy with regard to the final war between the governments of India and Sri Lanka. It was that the terrorist label on the LTTE influenced their reporting given their own conceptions and relied on the elite sources for information. While Shaw proposed HRJ as a solution to report physical, structural and cultural violence within the context of humanitarian intervention, from the analysis of the articles on the newspapers and the interviews it was very much evident that the international press did not let the journalists practice HRJ to a satisfactory level and establish a prima facie case to construct the reality of the humanitarian crisis. As supported and corroborated by the two independent yet mutually supportive methodologies, the analysis of this study found that the framing of the news stories is either decided by the editorial policy in accordance with internal guidelines, or by the news sources. Thereby the variety of ideological, political, geographical and cultural contexts of framing establishes a discourse which leaves us with a controlling media power. On the whole this study contributes uniquely towards the development of an epistemological grounding for the practice and research of HRJ within the just-peace framework and development of Frame Analysis Matrix, and Multimodal Discourse Analysis Matrix. In addition, also proves the fact that failing to contribute to the moral responsibility in a truthful and justifiable manner of the victim, rather than via influence will not contribute towards the real human rights practice.

The development of journalism studies has generated increasing interest in researching for a more advanced journalistic role in local and global contexts, where the theory of Human Rights Journalism (HRJ) rises in response in a timely fashion. This PhD study contributes to the development of the theory of HRJ in the following three ways. First, it expands the theory of human rights journalism beyond universal human rights with a focus on individual rights (Western countries) to group rights with a focus on the community (China); According to the findings from the content analysis, interviews and survey, the 5 core elements of the HRJ model (diagnostic reporting, interventionist, proactive, peace journalism, and empathy/critical frame), informed by the universal human rights ethics, need to be adapted to the Chinese political, economic, social and cultural contexts informed by group rights to ensure its smooth practice in China. Unlike the human rights journalists in the Western context, this extended HRJ model argues that the Chinese and foreign human rights journalists must handle the power of negotiations carefully with the state, market and society in China. Second, the Chinese media landscape is too restrictive to allow for the smooth practice of HRJ. HRJ was developed for the global context. However, according to findings mostly drawn from the interviews with Chinese and foreign journalists, there are obstacles such as press censorship, the focus on the ideology of social order over liberalism, and the lack of public interest in the liberal interpretation of human rights that stand in the way of HRJ practise in China. This Chinese context was not captured in earlier studies on HRJ by Shaw (2012) and on Krumbein (2014)’s study on human rights in China, and is therefore seen as a major contribution of this thesis to the knowledge of human rights reporting in the world. Finally, according the survey and interview findings, the Chinese public and elite have a negative perception of the topic of human rights because they only see it in the Western lens of individual rights, and not their own preferred lens of group rights. Due to such negative perception, the unwillingness to talk and discuss ‘human rights’ is strong. This causes obstacle not only for both the Chinese and the foreign journalists to access the views on human rights from the Chinese public, but also deepen the cultural miscommunication on human rights between the Chinese public and elites on one hand, and the Western journalists on the other. This findings further extends Shaw’s (2012b) study on the nexus between cultural miscommunication and human wrongs journalism from a Muslim and Islamic context into the Chinese cultural context. Different from the stereotypical issue that is closely related to culture and civilisation in Shaw’s study, this PhD shows that the clash of cultures could also be encountered when the perception of human rights is negative. Eventually, this causes constraint on the practice of HRJ in the context of China. Overall, this study is a unique contribution, both theoretically and empirically, to the understanding of HRJ globally, and in the context of China, in particular with the consideration of social-political constraints, as well as a mounting challenge on the implementation of the practice.

Thesis (M.S.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 2008. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 46-06, page: 2924. Adviser: Joseph Chuk.

Deux axes structurent ce travail de recherche : la comparaison franco-allemande et la construction de l’identité professionnelle de journalistes de la presse quotidienne nationale/suprarégionale. La construction de l’identité professionnelle est analysée au carrefour des interactions entre le journaliste comme individu, l’organisation dans laquelle il est employé, le groupe professionnel et l’environnement social, tout en tenant compte du cadre culturel de chaque pays dans lequel ces interactions se situent. Pour mener cette analyse à partir d’une trentaine d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés avec des journalistes print et web, un regard croisé sur les approches développées par des chercheurs en France et en Allemagne a servi de point de départ. Afin de restreindre l’objet de recherche, la comparaison a été limitée aux rubriques politique, société et culture. La coexistence du journal papier et du site web défie l’identité professionnelle des journalistes, et influence l’image de soi et la perception respective des journalistes print et web. Dans ce contexte, des différences entre le print et le web qui se traduisent par des ressemblances transnationales parmi les journalistes de chaque support apparaissent, même si tous les journalistes se retrouvent unis par des attaches identitaires communes liées à d’anciens idéaux du métier.Malgré ces fortes ressemblances, la construction de l’identité professionnelle est influencée par le contexte national : notamment les différences d’organisation étatique se reflètent à divers niveaux, allant de la structure du paysage de presse et de l’organisation des rédactions et services jusqu’à la formation et la mobilité professionnelle des journalistes. / The present work is structured by two main perspectives: the French-German comparison and the construction of the professional identity of national daily press journalists. The construction of professional identity is analyzed taking into account the conjunction of interactions between the journalist as individual, the organization in which he is employed, the professional group to which he belongs and his social environment, with consideration of the cultural background of each country in which these interactions take place. Before conducting this analysis on a basis of approximately thirty semi-structured interviews that have been conducted with print and online journalists, we first took a closer look on the approaches developed by researchers in France and Germany. In order to limit the object of this research, the comparison has been restricted to the following specializations: politics, society and culture.The coexistence of the print edition and the newspaper’s website defies the professional identity of journalists and has an impact on the self-perception and the perception of each other of print and online journalists. In this context, differences between print and online journalists appear which lead to transnational similarities between the journalists of each support (print or web), even if all journalists are united by common references linked to ancient ideals of the journalists’ profession.Despite these strong similarities, the construction of the professional identity is influenced by the national context: especially the impact of the differences in each country’s administration can be observed on different levels, for example in the structure of the media landscape and the news organizations and their departments as well as in the journalists’ training and their professional mobility.

Qu’il s’agisse des dernières participations aux élections européennes (1999 à 2009), du traité constitutionnel (2005) ou de la crise de l’euro, l’Union européenne fait face depuis plusieurs années à une crise institutionnelle et à une détérioration de son image importantes. Partant de ce constat, la présente thèse a pour objectif, d’une part, de présenter l’UE, à partir de l’analyse de ses institutions, de leurs influences et de leurs dernières stratégies de communication. Ce travail présente, d’autre part, l’organisation et le mode de traitement journalistique de l’information européenne, à travers une mise en parallèle des presses française et italienne, de leurs correspondants et de leurs accrédités auprès de l’UE. A l’ère de l’immédiateté, de la multiplication des sources d’information, mais aussi face aux exigences de rentabilité et de productivité qui s’imposent aux médias, la présente recherche se propose de déterminer si les pratiques et les conditions de travail des accrédités évoluent. Enfin, face à la crise du journalisme et de la presse écrite, et à la montée du rôle de l’Internet et des médias sociaux (web 2.0) dans la publication et la diffusion du scoop et de l’actualité internationale, il s’agit de déterminer si le poste de correspondant est ou non menacé. Nos conclusions, basées notamment sur des enquêtes de terrain, des statistiques et des analyses de contenus d’entretiens semi-directifs et d’articles de journaux, nous permettent d’esquisser l’image de l’UE projetée par les presses des deux pays, de mieux cerner le rôle des journalistes spécialisés sur l’UE et de nuancer les menaces, les opportunités et l’influence des nouveaux médias sur leur travail. / Whether one refers to recent European elections (1999-2009), to the Constitutional Treaty (2005) or to the euro crisis, the European Union has undergone several years of institutional crisis and a deterioration of its image. This is why, this Ph. D. dissertation, first examines the EU, from by analysing its institutions, their influence and their communication strategies. This thesis further presents the organization and the journalistic treatment of European news by conducting a parallel study of the French and Italian press, of their foreign correspondents and of their permanent EU correspondents. In the era of continuous flows, of the proliferation of news sources, and given the profitability and productivity required of media organizations, this thesis aims to determine whether the practices and working conditions of EU accredited correspondents have changed. Finally, given the crisis that journalism and print media, are undergoing and given the growing role of the Internet and social media (web 2.0) in research, publication and dissemination of scoops and international news, it studies whether the correspondent’s professional status is threatened or not. Our conclusions, based in particular on field surveys, statistical and content analyses of semi-structured interviews and newspaper articles, enable us to depict the EU image projected by the press of the two countries, so as to better understand the role of EU specialized journalists and highlight threats, opportunities and influence of new media on their work.

Dans cette thèse, insérée dans la cadre de la sociologie de la connaissance, nous nous intéressons à étudier les discours circulant en France sur un comportement vestimentaire, le port du voile. Notre approche porte sur des discours : le premier celui des acteurs sociaux concernés par ce comportement vestimentaire, des jeunes femmes concernées par le port du voile. Le deuxième discours est celui de la presse écrite. Notre travail se base, essentiellement, sur la théorie de Boltanski, pour l'analyse des entretiens, et sur celle d'Habermas, pour l'analyse des discours de la presse écrite. Le traitement de la question de notre recherche, le port du voile, nous a cheminé à interroger la littérature sur la sociologie de journalisme et à établir un rapport articulant les communications journalistiques avec les thématiques théoriques concernant « l'espace public » en retraçant la surmédiatisation et la politisation liées à ce sujet. Nous nous sommes également intéressée à la question du port du voile en tant que pratique vestimentaire et pour la comprendre nous avons donné la parole, à travers des entretiens individuels, aux acteurs de cette pratique.Ce travail a été effectué dans une perspective multi-méthodologique : nous avons à la fois effectué deux types d'analyse : une première analyse discursive, qui nous a permis d'illustrer les procédures journalistiques utilisées dans le traitement da la question du port du voile dans notre corpus de la presse écrite (Le Figaro, Le Monde, Libération et L'Express). Et une deuxième analyse thématique qui nous a conduite à saisir les sentiments, le « vécu » et la « volonté » de personnes qui ont décidé ou qui désirent porter le voile. / In this thesis which would be classified under the sociology of consciousness we focus on the study of the common mainline discourse regarding the Muslim women dress behavior of the veil. Our methodology is based on the speech discourse analysis of : firstly the speech discourse of the socials actors directly involved in this behavior; i.e. the young girls concerned with wearing the veil, most of which already do, or would like to wear it. The secondly is the speech and language used by the printed press in regards to this issue. Our work is primarily based on Boltanski's theory of the interviews analyzing, and on Habermas's work on the speech analyzing of the press.The studying of our research, the veil, walked us to examine the literature on the sociology of journalism and to link between the journalistic communication and those theoretical subjects concerned with the “public space” by tracing the media hype and the politicizing connected with this issue. We also addressed the veil wearing as a customs and dress-code issue. Therefore, and to better understand it, we gave the stage to those directly involved with this practice through individual interviews.This work was carried out in a multi-methodological perspective; whereby we made two types of analysis : The first is a discursive analysis, which allowed us to illustrate the journalistic procedures used in dealing with the issue of the veil amongst a sample of press outlets we choose (Le Figaro, Le Monde, Libération and L'Express). The second is an objective analysis that led us to understand the feelings, the "coexistence" and the "will" of those individuals who have decided or who want "to wear the veil."

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-14T13:33:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fabioricardodosanjosribeiro.pdf: 2362480 bytes, checksum: d78b584b51eeb1467cae0570469cf22a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T14:04:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fabioricardodosanjosribeiro.pdf: 2362480 bytes, checksum: d78b584b51eeb1467cae0570469cf22a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T14:04:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fabioricardodosanjosribeiro.pdf: 2362480 bytes, checksum: d78b584b51eeb1467cae0570469cf22a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-08 / A partir de argumentação favorável à ideia de que a televisão, enquanto veículo de comunicação de massa, por características que são próprias do meio sócio-técnico, ainda é capaz de em grande medida legitimar representações sociais vigentes em determinada coletividade, este trabalho investiga o papel desempenhado nesse processo por um dos produtos televisivos de maior repercussão no Brasil: os telejornais policiais. Procura-se evidenciar aqui algumas fundamentais constrições próprias ao contexto de produção desses programas a partir de um estudo de caso fruto de etnografia realizada na Redação de um telejornal policial local. Analisa-se, no que é significativo para os propósitos argumentativos deste trabalho, forma e conteúdo da mensagem emitida por esses programas e investiga-se, comparativamente, em dois universos de classe distintos, a recepção dessa mensagem. O objetivo, com essa abordagem, que tenta dar conta dos âmbitos da produção, do texto propriamente dito e da recepção, é o de compreender relacionalmente um complexo mecanismo de construção e legitimação de visões de mundo em determinado universo social. Visões de mundo estas que são de cunho conservador, em correspondência com o lugar no menu da indústria cultural ocupado pelos telejornais policiais, bem como atinente a determinada posição no espaço social ocupado por aqueles que os assistem e que reproduzem opiniões afins às veiculadas nesses onipresentes programas televisivos. / From an argumentation that supports the idea that television, while mass communication vehicle, due to features that are specific of this socio-technical media, can still largely legitimate social representations existing in a certain group, this study investigates the role played in this process by one of the television products of greater impact in Brazil: the police TV newscasts. On attempts here to make evident some fundamental constraints from own context of production of these programs, from a case study fruit of an ethnography held in the newsroom of a local police TV newscast. It is analyzed here, in what is significant for the argumentative purposes of this text, shape and content of the message sent by these programs and is investigated by comparison between two distinct class universes of receiving this message. The goal in adopting this approach, which tries to account for the areas of production, the text itself and the reception, is to understand relationally a complex mechanism of construction and legitimation of world views in a given social universe. And these world views have conservative nature, in correspondence with the place in the cultural industry menu occupied by police TV newscasts, as well as pertaining to a particular position in the social space occupied by those who watch and reproduce opinions similar to that conveyed through those ubiquitous TV programs.