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A group of 101 ESL learners ranging in the mid to upper intermediate level was randomly distributed among two groups--experimental and control. They were given three tests prior to the experiment and three tests after treatment. Both groups were given the same contextualized materials. However, the experimental group was taught gerunds and infinitives using the Bolinger principle whereas the control group was taught gerunds and infinitives by list memorization. Two hypotheses were posed: 1. Teaching ESL learners gerunds and infinitives using the Bolinger principle will result in significant improvement in discrete point tests. 2. Teaching ESL learners gerunds and infinitives using the Bolinger principle will result in significant improvement in the use of gerunds and infinitives in writing.

Thesis (M. A. (English Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / Interlanguage (IL) is a phenomenon that occurs in different language learning contexts including institutions of Higher Education (HE) were English is used as a language of tuition in South Africa (SA). This study researched the IL of first-year English language students at the University of Limpopo (UL) within Polokwane Municipality in Limpopo Province (LP). The research design was explanatory, and a qualitative approach was used. Through interview sessions with first-year English language students and lecturers responsible for teaching these first-years, important insights into the dynamisms of IL in practice were gained. Some of the key findings of this explanatory study was that first-year English language students were unable to communicate effectively in L2, hence, the IL traits manifested in students’ communication. This enhances some understanding of the challenges they experience inside and outside the classroom. The study re-asserts that IL hampers the students’ optimal participation in the target language learning process. The study further highlights that students’ inadvertent use of IL affect their command of the Language of Learning and Teaching in an English language learning environment. This study has also revealed that although lecturers regard IL as an important teaching and learning resource, they do not seem to hone in IL use in a bid to improve the English language students’ performance and mastery of the Language of Learning and Teaching at first-year level.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Un análisis de la importancia del uso de textos auténticos en las lecciones de español como segunda lengua y una propuesta de una fuente de explotación de los mismos: los libros de texto para jóvenes estudiantes nativos. Dichos libros han sido simplificados, adaptados y presentados por catedráticos nativos específicamente para niveles académicos, lingüísticos y culturales específicos con propósitos comunicativos naturales.

The Florida Department of Education’s (FLDOE) Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) Report (2007) listed and defined students who are in the process of learning English as a second language as English Language Learners (ELL). The graduation rate of English Language Learners in Florida is consistently smaller than the graduation rate of the total population of students (Echevarria, Short and Powers, 2006) in part due to the requirement for students to pass the FCAT in order to graduate. ELL students face the challenge of having to learn a different language, learn the subject area content in that language, and often-times pass a standardized test in order to graduate. In Florida districts, ELL is categorized as a subgroup often times not meeting adequate yearly progress in Reading (Florida Department of Education 2007). This study measured the effectiveness of a district approved computer based intervention in increasing student achievement for English Language Learners as identified by the Florida Department of Education (US DOE, 2009).

The project focuses on the creation of supplemental teaching materials that can be used to support reading and writing activities in the science content curriculum taught in a bilingual fifth grade classroom. Mediated structures are used to link the curriculum in the language arts with science materials. They are also used to provide depth and complexity to the materials offered by textbooks adopted by the school district. The mediated structures discussed and developed in the project are included.

As more international students who are not expert users of English come to the United States to study at university, the field of teaching English for Academic Purposes grows. There are many important skills these international students must learn to become successful university students in America, but writing for academic purposes is of particular importance for these students to join the academic conversation in their respective disciplines. Corpus research has identified the grammatical features which are frequently found in different registers, and from this work it is known which structures are important in different types of academic writing. Grammatical structures frequently found in the academic register must be taught to these university-bound students. However, many English Language Learners (ELLs) are infrequently using, or inaccurately using, some of these grammatical features in their writing when compared to L1 writers. This study focuses on three of those under-used, and/or inaccurately used structures: passive voice, reduced relative clauses, and modal would. At an Intensive English Language Program (IELP) in the Pacific Northwest, an experimental group of advanced ELLs were given extended instruction--extra time and practice--on these three features. The control group received the standard amount of time and practice students typically receive at this IELP. 25 essays from the experimental group and 44 essays from the control group were tagged for presence, accuracy, and appropriacy of the three grammatical features (passive voice, reduced relative clauses, and modal would). The experimental and control group essays were compared to see if the treatment instruction had a significant effect on the frequency, accuracy, and/or appropriacy of these features. Results from an independent t-test on the frequency of passive voice showed no significant difference between the experimental group essays and the control group essays. Results from a Mann-Whitney U test on the frequency of reduced relative clauses and modal would showed no significant difference between the two groups. In regard to accuracy and appropriacy, a Mann-Whitney U test found no significant difference between the experiment group and control group. The analysis of the two groups showed that students in the treatment group did use passive voice on average more than students in the control group, but it was not enough to be significantly different. The frequency of reduced relative clauses and modal would was low, yet accuracy and appropriacy of these features was very high for both groups. These findings reveal that different, or perhaps more focused, approaches must be taken beyond extra time and practice to increase ELLs' use of passive voice, reduced relative clauses, and modal would in their writing.

The purpose of this project is to address the problems and improve English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learning for the students of Korea by contrasting cultural similarities and differences and the same time utilizing computer-based instruction learning.

The purpose of this project is to provide an instructional program for students learning English as a second language that will meet their academic needs and facilitate full literacy.