The state of Uttar Pradesh occupies about 9 per cent of the total geographical area of India, supports more than 16 per cent of its 440 million people, but has less than 6 per cent of the Indian forests. It is, in many ways, an underdeveloped part of a developing nation. There is a great potential for contributions of Uttar Pradesh to the economic development of India, by the expansion of the U. P. pulp and paper industry. Per capita consumption of paper and paper-board in India is expected to increase from about 1.3 Kg in 1965 to 6.2 Kg in 2000. If the production in the country increases as anticipated in this thesis, and if more raw materials are not made available, shortages of both long-fibred and short-fibred raw materials will begin to be felt strongly by about 1975 and will progressively increase. To reduce these shortages the Uttar Pradesh Forest Department is establishing plantations of fast-growing tree species. The Mysore hybrid eucalypt is being planted to provide short-fibred pulpwood and plantations of the bamboo (D endrocalamus strict us) will yield long-fibred pulp. Present plans of the U. P. Forestry Department have not paid enough attention to growing long-fibred material. The Department should concentrate mainly on the production of long-fibred material because much short-fibred material is available as sugar cane bagasse in the U. P. It also could be secured when needed if eucalypt and poplar plantings were made by farmers. Eucalypts, pines, poplars and bamboos have been discussed regarding their suitability for production of pulpwood in the forest areas of U. P. Greatest attention has been given here to eucalypts but it is concluded that pines and bamboos are the most desirable. The need for producing within India all of the pulp and paper required domestically has been considered more important than that for supplying paper and paper-board to Indian consumers at world prices. At present It appears as if the foreign exchange conserved by reducing pulp and paper imports can be more usefully spent in buying machinery, fertilizers, and technical knowledge. India can become self-sufficient in its paper and paper-board needs after 1980 only if enough long-fibred raw materials are produced. Therefore, major trials of potentially suitable, fast-growing, long-fibred species should be established soon. The paper industry in U. P. should continually strive to improve its technology and bring down its costs of production because in the long run it will have to become competitive in world markets. The U. P. Forest Department should not judge its efficiency solely by the size of net surplus created in a plantation program. It should also consider the potential contributions of its plantations in the growth of Indian industry and improvement of real national income. Intensive economic analyses of the problems discussed here should be undertaken to refine objectives for the long-term development of U. P.'s forest industry. / Forestry, Faculty of / Graduate

A diameter distribution prediction procedure for single species stands was developed based on the bivariate S_B distribution model. The approach not only accounted for and described the relationships between initial and future diameters and their distributions, but also assumed future diameter given initial diameter to be a random variable. While this method was the most theoretically correct, comparable procedures based on the definition of growth equations which assumed future diameter given initial diameter to be a constant, sometimes provided somewhat better results. Both approaches performed as well, and in some cases, better than the established methods of diameter distribution prediction such as parameter recovery, percentile prediction, and parameter prediction. The approaches based on the growth equations are intuitively and biologically appealing in that the future distribution is determined from an initial distribution and a specified initial-future diameter relationship. ln most appropriate. While this result simplified some procedures, it also implied that the initial and future diameter distributions differed only in location and scale, not in shape. This is a somewhat unrealistic assumption, however, due to the relatively short growth periods and the alterations in stand structure and growth due to the repeated thinnings, the data did not provide evidence against the linear growth equation assumption. The growth equation procedures not only required the initial and future diameter distributions to be of a particular form, but they also restricted the initial-future diameter relationship to be of a particular form. The individual tree model, which required no distributional assumptions or restrictions on the growth equation, proved to be the better approach to use in terms of predicting future stand tables as it performed better than all of the distribution-based approaches. For the bivariate distribution, the direct fit, parameter recovery, parameter prediction and percentile prediction diameter distribution prediction techniques, implied diameter relationships were defined. Evaluations revealed that these equations were both accurate and precise, indicating that the accurate specification of the initial distribution and the diameter diameter distribution. / Ph. D.

Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2015. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Developing sustainable forests has been acknowledged to be important, not just as a way of averting deforestation and land degradation, but as another opportunity to contribute positively towards rural development, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Forestry development has, however, not received the recognition it deserves. Its importance to economic development and its potential contribution have not been explicitly communicated and thus remain undervalued. The long rotations required for trees to mature, plus the associated risk from fires, pests and diseases has affected the sector’s ability to attract investment. In South Africa this reluctance is evident in both the public and private sectors alike. Access to finance for forestry remains a challenge, which negatively affects the supply to the processing part of the value chain. The objective of the study is to review current forestry funding mechanisms in South Africa, specifically plantations and their contributions to rural economic development. Using secondary data, the study reviewed the current sector funding from the state, development funding institutions and the private sector. The study also looked at alternative sources used in other countries and how they can be customised to the South African economy. In this study it was found that there are gaps between policies aimed at the development of the sector on the one hand, and the resources allocated to the sector on the other hand. The available schemes fail to support the sector policies’ objectives. These discrepancies can be attributed to the poor design of the current offering, the development of which failed to fully consider the dynamics of the sector. The conclusion of the study was that the government needs to play more of a leading role in developing the sector, especially with the small-scale growers who cannot be catered for by both commercial and development banks. The sector also stands to benefit significantly from better collaboration between the public and private sectors. Policies that create an enabling environment would also encourage the private sector to invest more. The study also suggested that, in view of the dynamics of the sector and its contribution to climate change risk mitigation, there is room to tap innovative funding such as that offered by environmental funding.

Abstract not available

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2008. / Title from title page screen (viewed on Sept. 15, 2009). Thesis advisor: Donald G. Hodges. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Please read the abstract in the front section of this document / Dissertation (M Inst Agrar (Sustainable Ecological Management))--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Agricultural Economics, Extension and Rural Development / unrestricted

Numerous empirical studies outside of forestry have analyzed the role of price expectations in different decision processes. Empirical studies using price expectations in forestry research is a relatively new field of endeavor. Past studies have typically ignored or given cursory treatment to the role of price expectations. This study provides a review of studies in forestry that have attempted to incorporate price expectations into model formulations. Models are then developed to explain the short-run harvest, and long-run regeneration expenditure decisions by the non-industrial private forest owner, incorporating different distributed lag formulations to account for price expectations. The estimated models for the short-run harvest decision, using cross sectional non-aggregated data, indicates that price expectations play a significant role in this decision process. Therefore, price expectations should be incorporated in some form, (i.e. different forms of distributed lags), to properly specify models. Estimated models for the long-run regeneration expenditure decision indicates a weak link between economic variables and the regeneration decision. For both types of models, estimated coefficients for personal characteristics of landowners are in general considered insignificant, indicating the lack of influence that personal characteristics have on these decision processes / Master of Science

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