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No / This is an analytical report for the Community Liaison Unit (CLU), 'Community Perceptions of Forced Marriage'. This report provides the context, explores the problems and the perceptions of the Pakistani and Bangladeshi communities of forced marriages. Therefore, this report represents a comprehensive and rigorous synthesis of existing research evidence combined with primary data collected specifically for the report.

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The purpose of the paper is to present work patterns from two perspectives, the art expert´s and art forger´s, as the patterns can be retrieved from two Swedish criminal cases of fraud, the case "T" and the case "M". A minor purpose is to create a knowledge base extracted from literature regarding more general work patterns used by art experts when they work with attribution.   The method used can best be named descriptive. Forged artwork from nine artists are described and comments on the fake procedures are provided from buyers, forgers/sellers, middlemen (auction houses), police, prosecutors, experts, lawyers and the Stockholm District Court. The result in the paper can be summarized as follows: 1/ General work patterns with attribution: The track-paradigm is governing the expert´s work. As a start we have a time-setting, by identifying general style patterns in the artwork. Then there is a search for a possible geographical area where the work could have been created, and also a search for art schools and artist groups in that area. If a possible attribution of the work to an artist can be done, a search starts for that artist´s characteristics when it comes to motive, color selection, composition, figures, brush movements etc. Different types of physical measurements and tests can provide a complement to the qualitative analysis. The signature, if there is one, is examined and the provenance for the work is searched for. Information about the work in different archives can strengthen the results. 2/ “T” & “M” - the art expert´s patterns: All experts go directly to the alleged artist for a critical analysis of the specific work. First an overall evaluation is done, and that is often sufficient to reject the work. If necessary, details in the work are examined. If a signature is present, it is examined and compared with genuine ones. In some cases, technical studies are used to reach a definitive verdict. The police focus is to identify inaccuracies and fakes in the sales information, and to show efforts to hide information.    3/ “T” & “M” - the forger’s patterns: Art works from recent years are used as models for the creation of pastiches. Craftsmanship is toned down. Pitfalls are being circumvented by selection of genuine material ingredients and selection of secure image content related to the chosen artist. There is a thorough work with information creation to ensure the prospective buyer's desire for proof of authenticity. In parallel there is a work with cover up, and to secure information gaps.

Taking into account modern technology solutions has been selected die forging of the wheel hub of automobile steel 14220 (DIN 16MnCr5) about the serial 50000 pcs. Based on the literature study and practical experience has been solved forging process, including technological calculations, engineering drawings and results of simulations of the forging process performed by the Qform software tool. A tool was designed to be made of 19552 grade alloy tool steel. The forged piece is to be forged on an LZK 1000 crank press with the nominal forming force of 10 MN manufactured by Šmeral Brno. The stock is divided with shears from bar 45 mm 6 m long to bar 89.5 mm long.

Purchasing counterfeited luxury products and downloading pirated items have becomemore common nowadays. Fashion and IT industries are affected negatively by consumers’supportive attitude towards piracy and counterfeits. Many luxury branded companies havetheir exclusive brand names stolen by counterfeits producers. Likewise producers ofcomputer software, music, and movies are affected by individuals who download/streamtheir items for free. Consumers’ attitudes towards counterfeiting and piracy are importantto examine as to understand their acceptance and rejection towards counterfeits and piracy.The purpose of this thesis is to examine consumers’ attitudes towards counterfeits andpiracy. What is accepted and rejected by consumers? To answer the research questions, aqualitative method is used. The data is collected through semi-structured interviews with12 consumers of both/either counterfeits and piracy. The study is performed in Skåne(Scania), Sweden, mainly in Malmö, Perstorp and Kristianstad.We implemented the Theory of Reasoned Action, Theory of Moral Reasoning, ConsumerTheory and different attitudes for analysing the empirical presentation. The result of thestudy showed that the interviewees had a more accepting attitude towards piracy while themajority of them had a rejecting attitude towards counterfeits. Due to the fact thatcomputer and IT have become a part of the everyday life for many individuals. However,the interviewees who buy counterfeits consume the items while they are on vacationabroad since the supply of counterfeits in the Swedish market is not very big. When itcame to piracy and counterfeited products, the age of the interviewees did matter to someextent. Also, price was one important element why consumers are interested in counterfeitsor download piracy.This study contributes to fill the gap in the lack of studies of consumers’ attitudes towardsboth piracy and counterfeits. The conclusions can be used as a guideline and tool forcompanies to be aware of consumers’ attitudes towards illicit products. Keywords: Counterfeit products, Piracy, Consumer attitude, Physical products, Digitalproducts, Luxury brands, Genuine luxury brand, Illicit forged products

The teoretic part comes from the historical overview of use of spiral as main motive in the process of forged bars from romanesque style up to now overlap to free creation of contemporary artists. Concept of the game subjekt comes from combination of craft technology with motive of spiral to the model object for working game. The result is game SPIRAL ? Man, do not be angry!

Forgé pour traduire juridiquement la relation nouée tout au long de l’instance arbitrale entre l’arbitre d’un côté, et les parties à la convention d’arbitrage de l’autre, le contrat d’arbitre est depuis longtemps reconnu par la doctrine et la jurisprudence. Sans doute l’origine privée de la mission de l’arbitre alliée à son caractère le plus souvent onéreux, a-t-elle inévitablement contribué à reconnaître l’existence de ce contrat comme une évidence. Cependant, une recherche et une mise à l’épreuve, à la lumière du droit positif, des mérites de l’approche contractuelle de la relation entre l’arbitre et les parties s’avèrent nécessaires. L’étude révèle en effet que le contrat d’arbitre, imposé comme un remède aux problèmes rencontrés par le droit de l’arbitrage à un moment de son histoire, engendre actuellement davantage de difficultés qu’il n’en résout. Cela tient au fait que nombre des obligations de l’arbitre traditionnellement rattachées à ce contrat relèvent déjà de son statut établi par le décret du 13 janvier 2011 portant réforme de l’arbitrage. Il en résulte de nombreuses incertitudes et incohérences mises en lumière à travers l’analyse du contentieux opposant les arbitres aux parties devant les juridictions étatiques de droit commun. À travers une analyse critique du contrat d’arbitre, l’étude se propose d’établir les fondements d’une approche renouvelée de la relation entre l’arbitre et les parties. / The arbitrator's contract is designed to materialize from a legal point of view the relationship built up between the arbitrator and the parties to the arbitration agreement during the arbitral proceedings. In this respect, it has been recognized for a long time by both the doctrine and the case law. It is very likely that the private source of the arbitrator's mission, along with its usually onerous nature, have participated in deeming the existence of such contract a self-evident fact.However, the contractual approach of the relationship forged between the arbitrator and the parties is worth putting to the test in the light of positive law. The study carried out in the present thesis unveiled that the arbitrator's contract, although it has been imposed as a remedy to several difficulties arbitration had once to face, actually leads to more difficulties that it solves. This is due to the fact that various obligations that the arbitrator is considered to have to comply with according to the arbitrator's contract actually preexist as a result of the arbitrator's legal status, in accordance with the Decree of January 13th 2011 on the reform of arbitration law. This results in various uncertainties and inconsistencies brought to light through an extensive analysis of disputes between the arbitrators and the parties that have been brought to State courts. Through critical analysis, this thesis offers to lay the foundation of a renewed approach of the relationship between the arbitrator and the parties.

Sustainability is a major focus for the industry considering the awareness among the public and legislators due to climate change. Automotive manufacturers use many steel products for assembly of vehicles and, many of these products; particularly the heavy and critical components like Front Axle beams and Crankshafts are manufactured using forging process. Due to increased awareness and regulations, all companies are expected to provide environmental impact data relevant to their products. Nonetheless, providing environmental impact data is not yet a common practice in the manufacturing industry, specifically in case of the forged products. Therefore, this thesis aims to establish a comprehensive study of environmental impacts of products namely Heavy vehicle Front Axle Beams, Heavy vehicle Crankshafts, Passenger car Crankshafts and Heavy vehicle steering arms forged at Bharat Forge Kilsta AB and create a baseline for current impact calculations as well as highlight areas for improvement in the future. Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) is used as the method to study the environmental impacts of the forged products. The LCA method in this case is based on ISO 14044 and ILCD Handbook and the impact assessment methods used are EPD (2018) and Cumulative Energy Demand (LHV) v1.0 in accordance with EPD International’s requirements. This research finds that steel and the electricity used in the forging process are the major causes of environmental impacts. To ensure high accuracy of the results of this study, primary data for both steel and electricity is used in the analysis. The LCA results will be published in the form of Environmental Product Declaration (EPD). The CO2 footprint for an average product was found to be 0.89 kg CO2 / kg forged product. Previous studies have utilised average datasets for calculating environmental impacts of forged products which reduce the accuracy of the results. This study, due to the inclusion of primary data of steel manufacturing and electricity generation, provides highly accurate environmental impact results of forged products. / Hållbarhet är ett stort fokus för branschen med tanke på medvetenheten hos lagstiftare och allmänheten på grund av klimatförändringar. Biltillverkare använder många stålprodukter för montering av fordon och många av dessa produkter; speciellt de tunga och kritiska komponenterna som framaxelbalkar och vevaxlar tillverkas med hjälp av smidesprocess. På grund av ökad medvetenhet och bestämmelser förväntas alla företag tillhandahålla data på miljöpåverkan som är relevanta för sina produkter. Icke desto mindre är det ännu inte vanligt att tillhandahålla miljöpåverkansdata inom tillverkningsindustrin, särskilt när det gäller smidesprodukter. Därför syftar denna avhandling till att upprätta en omfattande studie av miljöpåverkan från produkter, specifikt framaxelbalkar för tunga fordon, vevaxlar för tunga fordon, vevaxlar för personbilar och styrarmar för tunga fordon smidda hos Bharat Forge Kilsta AB och skapa en bas för aktuella påverkansberäkningar och för att belysa framtida förbättringsområden. Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) används som metod för att studera de smidda produkternas miljöpåverkan. LCA-metoden i detta fall är baserad på ISO 14044 och ILCD Handbook och de konsekvensbedömningsmetoder som används är EPD (2018)och Cumulative Energy Demand (LHV) v1.0 i enlighet med krav från EPD International. Denna forskning visar att stål och elektricitet som används i smidesprocessen är de främsta orsakerna till miljöpåverkan. För att säkerställa hög noggrannhet av resultaten av denna studie används primärdata för både stål och el i analysen. LCA resultaten kommer att publiceras i form av Environmental Product Declaration (EPD). CO2-avtrycket för en genomsnittlig produkt visade sig vara 0,89 kg CO2/kgsmidd produkt. Tidigare studier har använt genomsnittliga datamängder för att beräkna miljöpåverkan från smidda produkter som minskar noggrannheten i resultaten. Denna studie, på grund av inkluderingen av primärdata för ståltillverkning och elproduktion, ger mycket exakta miljöpåverkansresultat av smidda produkter.

The widespread availability of image editing tools and improvements in image processing techniques make image manipulation feasible for the general population. Oftentimes, easy-to-use yet sophisticated image editing tools produce results that contain modifications imperceptible to the human observer. Distribution of forged images can have drastic ramifications, especially when coupled with the speed and vastness of the Internet. Therefore, verifying image integrity poses an immense and important challenge to the digital forensic community. Satellite images specifically can be modified in a number of ways, such as inserting objects into an image to hide existing scenes and structures. In this thesis, we describe the use of a Conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN) to identify the presence of such spliced forgeries within satellite images. Additionally, we identify their locations and shapes. Trained on pristine and falsified images, our method achieves high success on these detection and localization objectives.