This thesis focuses on the detection of marble sculpture forgery made of cultured marble. Cultured marble is a mixture of marble dust, polyester and accelerators. Thus chemical analysis of cultured marble would give declined levels of calcium when compared to authentic sculptures. Since sample removal is a problem when dealing with archaeological heritage, the instrument used was portable X-Ray Fluorescence device which provides in situ analysis of the samples. Device has been used to analyze six authentic and four forgery sculptures. Seven of the sculptures were provided by Anatolian Civilizations Museum and three of them were provided by a sculpture workshop, Ak

The Disputatio cum Pyrrho purports to be a transcript of the 645 debate that took place in North Africa. The text initially addresses Monotheletism, the theology of the Constantinopolitan church that held that the Christ had a single will, then Monoenergism, which held that Christ possessed a single operation and which had in the 620’s and 630’s been the official position of the Constantinopolitan church, but which by 645 had been rejected and replaced by Monotheletism. Pyrrhus, the exiled, former Patriarch of Constantinople, represents the Monothelete and Monoenergist positions and Maximus the Confessor opposes them. Throughout the dialogue, Maximus repeatedly and overwhelmingly demonstrates the correctness of his position, eventually forcing Pyrrhus to renounce his position and to travel to Rome to receive absolution from the Pope. Traditionally scholars have accepted the authenticity of this document, and few have critically examined the claims the text makes about itself. The present study brings this authenticity into question, and reexamines the authorship, date, and purpose of the document, employing textual critiques and comparing the document with historical events later in the seventh century.

Thesis (doctoral)--Berlin, 1909. / "Beilagen" (P. 30-51) include Latin texts of documents.

M.Dissertation (Archaeology)-University of Pretoria, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Context: There has been a rise in the usage of digital images these days. Digital images are being used in many areas like in medicine, wars, etc. As the images are being used to make many important decisions, it is necessary to know if the images used are clean or forged. In this thesis, we have considered the area of splicing forgery. In this thesis, we are also considering and analyzing the impact of low-resolution images on the considered algorithms. Objectives. Through this thesis, we try to improve the detection rate of splicing forgery detection. We also examine how the examined splicing forgery detection algorithm works on low-resolution images and considered classification algorithms (classifiers). Methods: The research methods used in this research are Implementation and Experimentation. Implementation was used to answer the first research question i.e., to improve the detection rate in splicing forgery. Experimentation was used to answer the second research question. The results of the experiment were analyzed using statistical analysis to find out how the examined algorithm works on different image resolutions and on the considered classifiers. Results: One-tailed Wilcoxon signed rank test was conducted to compare which algorithm performs better, the T+ value obtained was less than To so the null hypothesis was rejected and the alternative hypothesis which states that Algorithm 2 (our enhanced version of the algorithm) performs better than Algorithm 1 (original algorithm), is accepted. Experiments were conducted and the accuracy of the algorithms in different cases were noted, ROC curves were plotted to obtain the AUC parameter. The accuracy, AUC parameters were used to determine the performance of the algorithms. Conclusions: After the results were analyzed using statistical analysis, we came to the conclusion that Algorithm 2 performs better than Algorithm 1 in detecting the forged images. It was also observed that Algorithm 1 improves its performance on low-resolution images when trained on original images and tested on images of different resolutions but, in the case of Algorithm 2, its performance is improved when trained and tested on images of the same resolution. There was not much variance in the performance of both of the algorithms on images of different resolution. Coming to the classifiers, Algorithm 1 improves its performance on linear SVM whereas Algorithm 2 improves its performance when using the simple tree classifier.

Part memoir, history and forgery, this novel chronicles a child’s love affair with the violent expressionist paintings of Egon Schiele. The novel is written in switchback time and takes place in the 1960’s and the early twentieth century (1910-1915). An unnamed narrator and his Viennese circle of friends are trying to restore the history of the great painter when a mysterious man turns up at the door. Wilhelm Boehme claims to know more about Schiele than any history book. But what Boehme describes is not just a coming of age story but the unsettling process of history rewriting itself, tucking into its folds, parts of the narrative that are too disturbing for a culture. In this novel are real events mixed with fantasies; personal chronicles from real historians and institutional figures (Alessandra Comini, Werner Hoffman)—and fictionalized characters taken from paintings that still hang in our galleries.

No description available.

Previous studies of Bank Note forgery in England during the Bank Restriction Period have adopted a highly institutional focus. Thus, much is known about the role played by both the Bank of England and the workings of the criminal justice system in combating both forgers and forged note utterers. The question of how the new system of small denomination Bank Notes impacted upon the day to day lives and understandings of the people that used them has received far less attention. The actual means by which Bank Notes were themselves forged has also been overlooked. This has led to a somewhat two-dimensional view of these notes as material objects. This thesis will engage with common mentalities and perceptions, seeking to write a 'new history from below' of both Bank Notes and their forgery in this period. Its primary aims will be to explore the question of why the English people were so easily imposed upon by forged Bank Notes; the various means by which forged notes could be constructed; and what an analysis of both of these points can tell us about economic and social understandings of non-elite people at this time. It will be argued that by studying instances in which small denomination Bank Notes were routinely exchanged, we can highlight a significant dichotomy of understanding in a society that was starting to engage with a new culture of promise based fiduciary paper money, yet was still deeply rooted in early-modern notions of paper instruments as objects of personal credit and debt. The thesis will show that heavy exposure to Bank Notes at this time clearly equipped some contemporaries with their own personalised sets of aesthetic and material "standards", against which the "goodness" of any monetary instrument with which they were presented would be compared. Others continued to examine the material aspect of Bank Notes via a direct comparison or consultation with others. Neither approach was always successful and indeed whatever method was adopted, the common occurrence of the materials and technologies required to construct a credible imitation of a Bank Note meant that it was not just illiterate persons that were susceptible to being deceived. Even a reading of the Bank Note's literate text failed to provide sufficient defence against the activities of the forger.

Avec l’avènement de l’informatique grand public et du réseau Internet, de nombreuses vidéos circulent un peu partout dans le monde. La falsification de ces supports est devenue une réalité incontournable, surtout dans le domaine de la cybercriminalité. Ces modifications peuvent être relativement anodines (retoucher l’apparence d’une personne pour lui enlever des imperfections cutanées), dérangeantes (faire disparaitre les défauts d’un objet) ou bien avoir de graves répercussions sociales (montage présentant la rencontre improbable de personnalités politiques). Ce projet s’inscrit dans le domaine de l’imagerie légale (digital forensics en anglais). Il s’agit de certifier que des images numériques sont saines ou bien falsifiées. La certification peut être envisagée comme une vérification de la conformité de l’image à tester en rapport à une référence possédée. Cette certification doit être la plus fiable possible car la preuve numérique de la falsification ne pourra être établie que si la méthode de détection employée fournit très peu de résultats erronés. Une image est composée de zones distinctes correspondantes à différentes portions de la scène (des individus, des objets, des paysages, etc.). La recherche d’une falsification consiste à vérifier si une zone suspecte est « physiquement cohérente » avec d’autres zones de l’image. Une façon fiable de définir cette cohérence consiste à se baser sur les « empreintes physiques » engendrées par le processus d’acquisition. Le premier caractère novateur de ce projet est la différenciation entre les notions de conformité et d’intégrité. Un support est dit conforme s’il respecte le modèle physique d’acquisition. Si certains des paramètres du modèle prennent des valeurs non autorisées, le support sera déclaré non-conforme. Le contrôle d’intégrité va plus loin. Il s’agit d’utiliser le test précédent pour vérifier si deux zones distinctes sont conformes à un modèle commun. Autrement dit, contrairement au contrôle de conformité qui s’intéresse au support dans son ensemble, le contrôle d’intégrité examine l’image zone par zone pour vérifier si deux zones sont mutuellement cohérentes, c’est-à-dire si la différence entre les paramètres caractérisant ces deux zones est cohérente avec la réalité physique du processus d’acquisition. L’autre caractère novateur du projet est la construction d’outils permettant de pouvoir calculer analytiquement les probabilités d’erreurs du détecteur de falsifications afin de fournir un critère quantitatif de décision. Aucune méthode ou outil actuels ne répondent à ces contraintes. / Nowadays, with the advent of the Internet, the falsification of digital media such as digital images and video is a security issue that cannot be ignored. It is of vital importance to certify the conformity and the integrity of these media. This project, which is in the domain of digital forensics, is proposed to answer this problematic.

Local public transport companies provide important mobility services to the general public. Although these services are usually subsidised, companies rely on revenues generated by ticket sales. Therefore, fare evasion (i.e., people using a transport service without paying for it) and ticket forgery (the production of an illegal ticket facsimile) have considerable influence on the companies' economic sustainability. As existing research regarding the economic perspective is limited, this paper presents a Delphi study that investigates the phenomena with a survey of experts in public transport companies and transport associations in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland. The findings of the survey provide insights into the overall perception and discuss relevant aspects of both fare evasion and ticket forgery, thereby not only highlighting practical implications, but also helping policy makers shape adequate policies for public transport in societies.