Techn. University, Diss., 2005--Berlin.

We study maximum entropy correlated equilibria in (multi-player)games and provide two gradient-based algorithms that are guaranteedto converge to such equilibria. Although we do not provideconvergence rates for these algorithms, they do have strong connectionsto other algorithms (such as iterative scaling) which are effectiveheuristics for tasks such as statistical estimation.

Treatment integrity is an important component of behavioural interventions, however few studies have examined methods to teach supervisors to evaluate the treatment integrity of such interventions applied by front-line staff. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a self-instructional package to teach individuals to evaluate the treatment integrity of discrete-trials teaching (DTT) sessions using the Discrete-Trials Teaching Evaluation Form (DTTEF). Participants consisted of six staff from the St.Amant Autism Programs. In a modified multiple-baseline design across a pair of participants, and replicated across two more pairs, at Baseline, a participant observed a confederate who role-played an instructor teaching three tasks to a confederate who role-played a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Each participant was required to evaluate sessions taught with (a) low integrity, (b) moderate integrity, or (c) high integrity. During training, participants studied a self-instructional package. At Post-training, participants were assessed on the same tasks as during Baseline. During Generalization, participants were assessed evaluating the treatment integrity of three videos of an Autism Tutor administering DTT to a child with ASD. Finally, during a seven-month Follow-up, four participants were available and were assessed evaluating the treatment integrity of a confederate instructor teach a confederate child with low, moderate, and high integrity. Results demonstrated that after an average of 1 hour and 16 minutes of training, there was an immediate increase in accuracy across all participants. Specifically, mean accuracy increased from 47.6% in Baseline to 84.7% at the Post-training assessment (a 37.1% increase). All participants showed excellent generalization results, and three of the four participants who were available at the Follow-up assessment performed at a high level. These results suggest that the training package has potential to be used as an effective method to train staff who work with children with ASD to evaluate the treatment integrity of DTT sessions. / February 2016

This thesis studies the theories, scientific evidence and spatial relationships within urban form to determine means and deviations that developments can use to determine the resiliency of urban form within a given location. Resiliency within urban form functions as modulations around a morphological mean. Rather than replicate the mean, resilient cities modulate with low standard deviations around the mean. As a result, while many look aesthetically different, resilient cities are structurally more similar than dissimilar. Cities can use this information to inform their projects on a schematic design level to determine if they are improving their urban form or if they are deviating from the resilient mean.

Pour réduire la consommation énergétique des bâtiments, les systèmes de chauffage agissant par rayonnement semblent particulièrement intéressants puisqu'ils ne nécessitent pas de chauffer l'air de la pièce pour que leur action soit perçue (moins d'énergie dépensée et moins de déperditions) et qu'jls permettent une meilleure réactivité au mode de vie des utilisateurs. De plus, des expériences réalisées au MIT ont montré que nous préférons un air frais et des murs chauds plutôt que le contraire, ce qui milite en paveur du chauffage par rayonnement. L'objectif de ce travail est de développer un outil permettant de paire le lien entre le rayonnement échangé entre un occupant et son environnement et le confort qu'il exprime vis-a- vis de celui-ci. L'étude des transferts radiatifs dans l'habitat peut se ramener a la résolution de l'équation des radiosités. Celle-ci nécessite l'évaluation de couplages géométriques entre les éléments de la scène appelés facteurs de forme. Leur obtention est particulièrement ardue, notamment lorsqu'il s'agit de tenir compte d'éventuelles obstructions. Une comparaison des méthodes numériques disponibles pour cela est proposée. Outre l'évaluation de ces facteurs, le système a résoudre est très lourd, puisque chaque surface interagit, le plus souvent, avec toutes les autres et que le nombre de nœuds mis en jeu dans la description d'une scène complexe est important. Nous présentons une méthode de résolution qui raffine le maillage d'une scène tout en construisant simultanément une représentation a différentes échelles des facteurs de forme entre ses éléments, dans le but de ne pas calculer tous les échanges a la résolution la plus fine. Elle permet ainsi de réduire considérablement le temps de calcul et rend son utilisation possible en bureau d'étude.une fois que les transferts radiatifs entre un individu, la source de chauffage et différents éléments de l'environnement sont connus, le modèle de confort de Fanger est mis en oeuvre pour déterminer si les configurations envisagées sont confortables ou non, au regard des normes en vigueur dans le bâtiment. Ainsi, nous avons pu déterminer quels types d'appareils de chauffage sont les plus susceptibles d'apporter du confort, dans diverses situations, et sans accroitre la puissance consommée. / In order to reduce building's energy consumption, radiant heater seems particularly attractives because they didn't require to heat the air of the room to be perceived (less energy spent and less losses), and because they provide a better reactivity to users life rythmes. Moreover, experiences of the MIT showed that we prefer a fresh ai with warm wall rather than the opposite. The goal of the work is to develop a tool to study the link between the radiant energy exchange by an occupant with his environment and the thermal comfort express under some hypothesis, radiative beat transfers can be idealized by the radiosity equation. This one needs the evaluation of geometrics couplings between the elements of the scene called form factors or view factors. It's generally hard to get them, especially when there are obstructions. A comparison of existing numerical methods is proposed. beyond the evaluation of those factors, the algebraic system is heavy to solve because each surface interact, usually, with all the others and because the number of nodes required for the description of a complexe scene is important. We present a resolution method which refine the mesh of the scene while constructing a multi scale representation of form factors between its elements, in order to don't have to compute all the transfers at the finest resolution. This drastically reduce the computation time and allow to use this method in a industrial development process.When the radiative transfers between the occupant, heaters and differents elements of the environment are known, the thermal comfort model of fanger is used to determine if the considered env!ronments are confortable or not, according to international standards. This way, we could find which type of heaters are the most subject to provide thermal comfort without increasing energy consumption.

Tonality during the common-practice era carried conventions that ultimately manifested formal schemas. Post-tonal composers’ diverging treatment of form escapes the generality of such schemas, and the relative lack of formal methodology for post-tonal music has left a considerable gap in the literature. When writers do discuss form in post-tonal music, the discourse generally focuses on form within a single composition, a single composer’s output, or at best a narrow school of musical style or philosophy. This thesis posits a concept that I call formal synthesis as a basic principle of form applicable to a broad range of musical styles, genres, and eras. Formal synthesis is a process that combines two or more previous musical passages into one musical passage. This organizational principle covers a broad spectrum of formal possibilities, varying by formal function, structural level, and method. In chapter one, I summarize previous discussions of form in post-tonal music and define the categorizations of formal synthesis. The following chapters refine the concept of formal synthesis through analyses of Steve Reich’s Drumming, Béla Bartók’s Piano Suite op. 14, and Thomas Adès’ Asyla. These composers belong to three different generations and nationalities, and the pieces belong to distinct styles and genres.

Giving textiles form is a project in textile design exploring how textiles can create self-supporting three-dimensional forms with after finishing techniques. The project focuses on the textile to be self-supporting, by working against and challenging the properties of a textile fabric. The motive for the project is to widen the definition of what a textile can do. The methods of origami and traditional Japanese wood joinery are used to find a functioning and durable construction, as well as manipulating the textiles with colour and after finishing techniques. The result of this work is three coloured textile forms that are three-dimensional and self-supporting, the use of colour strengthens the depth and adds a spatial dimension. This work contributes to broaden the field of textile design by expanding the use of textile.

With an interest within colour and print this work developed into questioning their lack of function regarding creating or contributing to from. It investigates how to generate form and surface on a body based on houndstooth pattern. The hypothesis is to find methods that increases a prints expressional possibilities and to find a way to create shape from the prints qualities. It concerns the subject how print, colour and materials relate and affect each other depending on for example saturation, quality and scale. Based on the construction of a woven houndstooth a specific method to generate form have been developed, here called cut-and-weave. The result is performed in 7 outfits where this method is applied in various ways. Together they illustrate, not only that a print can give form by manipulating its construction, but also that a print can be enhanced and reinforced by executing it in different ways.

学位授与大学：京都大学 ; 取得学位: 博士(工学) ; 学位授与年月日: 2007-09-25 ; 学位の種類: 新制・課程博士 ; 学位記番号: 工博第2856号 ; 請求記号: 新制/工/1420 ; 整理番号: 25541 / Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第13385号 / 工博第2856号 / 新制||工||1420(附属図書館) / 25541 / UT51-2007-Q786 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科建築学専攻 / (主査)教授 加藤 直樹, 教授 上谷 宏二, 准教授 大﨑 純 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

O presente trabalho trata da avaliação da confiabilidade de vigas pré-tracionadas de concreto protendido em relação ao estado limite último de flexão, segundo as recomendações da norma brasileira NBR 6118:2014. O crescimento da utilização de vigas protendidas nas edificações se justifica cada vez mais com o emprego de materiais mais eficientes e pela necessidade de estruturas mais leves e esbeltas. Esta pesquisa se limita à avaliação de vigas simplesmente apoiadas com seções retangulares e T e carregamento uniformemente distribuído ao longo do vão. Para a avaliação da capacidade resistente, foi utilizado um modelo simplificado que analisa a seção mais solicitada do elemento através de equações de equilíbrio, propriedades dos materiais e compatibilidade de deformações. A validação foi realizada a partir de ensaios experimentais e o modelo foi julgado adequado para a determinação do momento resistente de vigas pré-tracionadas de concreto protendido. O índice de confiabilidade  das vigas em estudo foi determinado através do método de confiabilidade de primeira ordem (First Order Reliability Method – FORM), consolidado e bastante utilizado na obtenção da probabilidade de falha de estruturas. O valor de  é obtido a partir do cálculo da distância mínima entre a superfície de falha e a origem das variáveis aleatórias padronizadas utilizando-se os recursos de minimização de uma planilha eletrônica. A verificação da influência que alguns parâmetros que regem o dimensionamento das vigas protendidas com aderência inicial exercem sobre o índice de confiabilidade foi realizada. Foram avaliados a resistência característica à compressão do concreto, a resistência característica de ruptura à tração da armadura de protensão, a esbeltez da viga e a relação entre o carregamento permanente e a carga total atribuída à viga. Também foi estabelecido um valor para o índice de confiabilidade considerado seguro igual a 3,8. Diante dos resultados, foi observado que a variação do índice de confiabilidade ocorreu de forma mais acentuada quando estudada juntamente com a variação da relação entre o carregamento. Porém vale destacar que em certos casos o índice de confiabilidade pode reduzir com o crescimento da resistência característica de ruptura à tração do aço de protensão e a consequente redução da área de armadura ativa. / The present work deals with the evaluation of the reliability of pretensioned prestressed concrete beams regarding to the ultimate flexural limit state according to the recommendations of the Brazilian standard NBR 6118:2014. The increasing usage of prestressed beams in buildings is more and more justified by the usage of more efficient materials and the necessity of lighter weight and more slender structures. The research is limited in the evaluation of simply supported beams with rectangular and T cross sections and uniformly distributed loading. For the evaluation of the load capacity of the beams, it was used a simplified model that analyzes the maximum bending moment section of the element through equilibrium equations, material properties and compatibility of deformations. The validation was performed from experimental data and the model was judged suitable for the determination of the resistant moment of pre-tensioned prestressed concrete beams. The evaluation of the reliability index  for each beam was carried out using the First Order Reliability Method - FORM, which is already consolidated and widely used when obtaining the probability of failure of structures. The value of  is obtained from the calculation of the minimum distance between the surface of the failure and origin of standard random variables through the resource of minimization tools of a digital spreadsheet. The evaluation of the influence that some parameters, which govern the design of pretensioned prestressed beams, exercise on the reliability index was performed. The characteristic concrete compressive strength, the characteristic tensile strength of the prestressed reinforcement, the slenderness ratio of the beam and the ratio between dead load and total load were evaluated. It was also established a minimum acceptable value to the reliability index equal to 3.8. Given the results, it was observed that the variation of the reliability index occurred, in a more sharply way, when studied along with the variation of the ratio between the dead load and total load. But, in some cases, the reliability index can be reduced with the increasing of the characteristic tensile strength of the prestressed reinforcement and the consequent prestressed steel cross sectional area reduction.