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Project Management in cross-sector social-oriented partnerships : A comparative study on the formation of partnerships in Romania, Sweden, the United Kingdom and GermanyKreiling, Laura, Andronache, Adriana Valentina January 2014 (has links)
Cross-sector social-oriented partnerships which address social or environmental challenges are increasing in practice and in the literature. Although this is expected to continue in the future, management responsibilities are largely unclear in this type of cross-sector collaboration. Project management was found to be a relevant area for investigation because cross-sector collaborations and projects have similar characteristics and projects are mentioned separately in the two literature fields. By joining them in a novel theoretical framework and by collecting empirical data, this thesis aims to explore, describe and analyse the context and use of project management in the formation phase of cross-sector social-oriented partnerships. The study was undertaken in the belief that project management can be enriched by being researched in collaborative settings and that cross-sector collaborations are interesting to investigate from a managerial perspective. In fact, they offer great potential for knowledge creation and sharing which has been addressed mainly by management research. This thesis study was structured according to three research objectives. Firstly, we analysed the role of contextual elements in cross-sector social-oriented partnerships by comparing cases in different European country contexts, which were selected based on established criteria. Secondly, we conceptualised the formation phase as it was found that the literature lacked an overarching understanding of this phase. Thirdly, we identified management responsibilities with a focus on project and knowledge management concepts in the formation of cross-sector social-oriented partnerships. We investigated both partners in a multi-method qualitative study to get a holistic understanding of the research context. Primary data was collected in semi-structured interviews and supplemented with secondary data. The data was analysed on two levels which allowed for the triangulation of findings. Given the mainly inductive approach, template analysis was deployed allowing for flexibility to take account of emerging aspects. The empirical data shows that project management is deployed differently in the formation of cross-sector social-oriented partnerships, depending on contextual elements and the intention with which they were formed. This is reflected in the interaction of partners, the level of trust between them, the way knowledge is shared and ultimately in the level of formality in which project management is deployed. In light of the generated findings, the extension of a collaboration continuum from the literature is proposed by integrating project management as a parameter. The findings and this proposition have implications on practitioners and for further research in the field.
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Etude des mécanismes de formation de phases dans des films minces du système ternaire Al-Cu-FeHaidara, Fanta 21 July 2011 (has links)
Les mécanismes de formation de phases dans des films minces du système ternaire Al-Cu-Fe et des systèmes binaires Al-Cu, Al-Fe et Cu-Fe ont été étudiés. Dans chacun des systèmes, plusieurs échantillons avec des compositions distinctes ont été préparés par pulvérisation cathodique. Des couches d’aluminium, de cuivre et de fer ont été déposées séquentiellement sur des substrats de silicium oxydé et ont été traités thermiquement par différentes méthodes puis caractérisés. Des mesures de diffraction de rayons X et de résistivité in-situ ont été effectuées pour suivre la formation des phases. Des recuits thermiques suivis de trempe ont été réalisés et les échantillons ont été caractérisés par diffraction des rayons X. L’analyse enthalpique différentielle a également été utilisée ainsi que des mesures simultanées in-situ de résistivité et de diffraction des rayons X. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus nous a permis de proposer des mécanismes de formation de phases pour chacun des échantillons étudiés et en utilisant des modèles théoriques de croissance de phases nous avons pu déterminer des données cinétiques sur la formation de phases dans ces films. / The mechanisms of phase formation in thin films have been studied in the Al-Cu, Al-Fe, Fe-Cu and Al-Cu-Fe systems. Several samples with different compositions have been prepared by sputtering. Aluminium, copper and iron layers were deposited onto oxidized silicon substrates, they were heat treated and characterized by using several techniques. In situ X-ray diffraction and resistivity measurements were used to follow the phase formation. Thermal annealings followed by quenching have also been carried out to get additional information.Differential Scanning Calorimetry and coupled in-situ resistivity and X-ray diffractionmeasurements were performed. The whole results allowed us to suggest a mechanism of phase formation for each sample and by using theoretical models of growth we determined kinetic data on the phase formation.
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