In this context, the main objective of this project is to determine if 3D printed concreteformworks are able to not fall apart and later withstand the stresses produced byC40/50 and selfcompactingconcrete (SCC) castings. The purpose is to check thesuitability of this method applied to the construction of bridge pillars and its capabilityof covering and protecting the reinforcement placed in the casting. The methodconsists of the design and construction of the formworks, the casting of the SCCcolumns and the performance of compression and bond tests to samples extracted fromthe sections presented to check the resistance and the bond between the formwork andthe interior concrete casting.The results obtained showed that the formworks did not fall apart and could withstandthe stresses caused by the casting. In addition, the casting presented a better bond atthe bottom of the sections in both cases. Although C40/50 presented a higher bondand compression strength than SCC, it showed a bond problem at the top part thathighlighted the importance of vibrating the concrete mix properly.After analysing all the results a clear conclusion is not reached, so further research inthis field needs to be done in order to build bridge pillars with this technology.

Yes / Finite element (FE) analysis of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforced concrete beams cast in U-shaped ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) permanent formworks is presented in this paper. Concrete damage plasticity (CDP) and FRP brittle damage models were used to simulate the damage behavior of concrete and FRP bars. The results of FE simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, parametric studies were conducted to investigate the effect of concrete and UHPC strengths, yield strength of steel bars, elastic modulus of FRP bars, ultimate tensile strength of FRP bars, types of UHPC normal strength concrete (NSC) interface and thickness of UHPC under different reinforcement conditions. Flexural performances, in terms of cracking, yield, ultimate loads and corresponding deflections, failure mode, energy dissipation and ductility, were investigated. Traction-separation model was used to describe the bonding degradation and the maximum slip of two types of bonding interfaces (smooth surface and medium-rough surface). Both flexural capacity and resistance to deformation of composite beams are significantly improved by the utilization of hybrid FRP/steel reinforcement. The UHPC formwork can also delay the occurrence and development of cracks. By appropriately increasing the strength of UHPC or elastic modulus of FRP bar, the flexural capacity of composite beams is effectively improved. It is expected that the results presented in this paper can guide the design and construction of U-shaped UHPC permanent formwork-concrete composite beams reinforced with FRP bars.

O presente trabalho consiste no estudo das ações construtivas e seus efeitos em edifícios de concreto armado. Para a avaliação desses efeitos é aplicado o método das estruturas primárias em pavimentos de edifícios, verificando-se os estados limites durante a sua construção. São considerados edifícios com diferentes subsistemas horizontais, alterando-se o sistema de escoramento e o ciclo de construção. As condições de construção são comparadas com aquelas usualmente empregadas no projeto estrutural que considera o edifício submetido às ações finais e com resistência do concreto aos 28 dias, buscando evidenciar as que são críticas. A partir dos resultados obtidos na pesquisa conclui-se que a situação usual de projeto está a favor da segurança para sistemas estruturais semelhantes aos apresentados e nas situações construtivas adotadas. / The present work deals with the structural effects of construction loads on reinforced concrete buildings. The evaluation of those effects is carried out on building floors with the method of the primary structures, including the verification of all limit states during the construction phase. Alternative structural systems are considered for buildings, varying the formwork and the construction cycle. The usual structural design, which considers the building subjected to the total loads and concrete with the age of 28 days, is compared with the design base on the construction conditions, searching for the critical ones. From the results it is apparent that the usual structural design is safe for structural systems and construction conditions similar to those considered in this work.

Esta investigación trata sobre la aplicación del método de madurez aplicado al concreto en las estructuras de un edificio multifamiliar de 8 pisos para evaluar la resistencia a compresión del concreto y optimizar el tiempo de encofrado de las estructuras. La práctica usual de monitorear el concreto in situ usando especímenes cilíndricos es considerada inapropiada debido a que los especímenes curados en obra no experimenten el mismo historial de curado que las estructuras a las que se supone deben de representar. Por otro lado, el tiempo de encofrado depende de la resistencia de la estructura, un desencofrado prematuro puede generar el colapso de la estructura, pero un encofrado tardío puede generar mayores gastos en el presupuesto de la obra. El método de madurez contempla 2 ecuaciones para determinar y correlacionar la temperatura del concreto con su resistencia. Los resultados de resistencia a compresión del concreto medidos por el método de madurez no difirieron en más del 10% del valor de resistencia de los especímenes cilíndricos y se optimizó significativamente el uso del encofrado en las estructuras. Se concluye que este método es confiable para evaluar la resistencia a compresión del concreto y permite optimizar el uso de encofrado de las estructuras tanto verticales como horizontales. / This research discusses the application of the concrete maturity method in an 8-story building structures for assessing the compressive strength of concrete and optimize the time of formwork structures. The usual practice of monitoring the concrete in situ using cylindrical specimens is inappropriate because specimens cured at work do not experience the same history of curing that structures which are supposed to represent. On the other hand, formwork time depends on the strength of the structure, a premature form removal can lead to the collapse of the structure, but a late formwork can generate higher expenses in the budget of the work. Concrete maturity method includes 2 equations to determine and correlate the temperature of concrete with strength. The results of resistance to compression of the concrete measured by the method of maturity not differed in more than the 10% of resistance of the cylindrical specimens and the use of the formwork is optimized significantly in the structures. It is concluded that this method is reliable to evaluate the resistance to compression of the concrete and allows you to optimize the use of formwork of the structures both vertical as horizontal. / Tesis

O presente trabalho consiste no estudo das ações construtivas e seus efeitos em edifícios de concreto armado. Para a avaliação desses efeitos é aplicado o método das estruturas primárias em pavimentos de edifícios, verificando-se os estados limites durante a sua construção. São considerados edifícios com diferentes subsistemas horizontais, alterando-se o sistema de escoramento e o ciclo de construção. As condições de construção são comparadas com aquelas usualmente empregadas no projeto estrutural que considera o edifício submetido às ações finais e com resistência do concreto aos 28 dias, buscando evidenciar as que são críticas. A partir dos resultados obtidos na pesquisa conclui-se que a situação usual de projeto está a favor da segurança para sistemas estruturais semelhantes aos apresentados e nas situações construtivas adotadas. / The present work deals with the structural effects of construction loads on reinforced concrete buildings. The evaluation of those effects is carried out on building floors with the method of the primary structures, including the verification of all limit states during the construction phase. Alternative structural systems are considered for buildings, varying the formwork and the construction cycle. The usual structural design, which considers the building subjected to the total loads and concrete with the age of 28 days, is compared with the design base on the construction conditions, searching for the critical ones. From the results it is apparent that the usual structural design is safe for structural systems and construction conditions similar to those considered in this work.

De même degré d'importance que les paramètres de formulation, les conditions de consolidation sont des facteurs déterminants pour la durabilité des bétons conventionnels vibrés. Dans le cas des bétons autoplaçants (BAP), grâce à leur grande fluidité, la mise en place dans les coffrages a lieu par écoulement libre sous l'effet de leur poids propre. Leur consolidation se fait sans vibration grâce à leurs caractéristiques rhéologiques. Il est donc légitime de penser que, les caractéristiques rhéologiques des BAP peuvent avoir une influence importante sur les propriétés qui déterminent la durabilité. Cette thèse étudie les liens possibles entre les caractéristiques rhéologiques des BAP et leur durabilité vis-à-vis du transport des agents agressifs. Dix-sept formulations de BAP couvrant une large gamme de caractéristiques rhéologiques et se différenciant uniquement par leur dosage en adjuvants ont été étudiées à cet effet. Trois modèles rhéologiques classiques ont été mis en oeuvre pour la détermination des paramètres rhéologiques des bétons étudiés.L'essai de sorptivité et dans une moindre mesure l'essai de carbonatation accélérée ont été utilisés comme indicateur de durabilité vis-à-vis du transport des agents agressifs. La durabilité de la couche superficielle au contact respectivement avec le coffrage en bois et en PVC a été étudiée et les résultats ont été comparés à la durabilité du béton à cœur. Cette étude a été faite en tenant compte des échanges hydriques et de l'arrangement granulaire au droit du coffrage. D'autre part, l'étude de la durabilité de la couche superficielle dans des conditions de mise en place proches du chantier a été faite sur 6 poutres partiellement armées longues de 2 m ainsi que sur 3 bétons semi-autoplaçants légèrement vibrés.Les résultats montrent qu'il existe une corrélation forte entre la viscosité plastique du modèle Bingham modifié ou le coefficient de consistance du modèle Herschel-Bulkley et la sorptivité. Très probablement, la viscosité agit sur le volume relatif des pores capillaires de gros diamètres. L'étude spécifique de la couche superficielle a montré que sa sorptivité dépend du type de coffrage utilisé à cause des éventuels échanges hydriques opérés entre le béton et la surface du coffrage. De plus, l'arrangement granulaire au droit du coffrage est également influencé. Ainsi, la sorptivité de la couche superficielle au contact du PVC est proche mais inférieure à celle du béton à cœur. La sorptivité de la couche superficielle au contact du bois est significativement inférieure à celle de la couche superficielle au contact du PVC tout en restant corrélé avec la viscosité plastique du modèle Bingham modifié ou le coefficient de consistance du modèle Herschel-Bulkley. / Consolidation conditions are determining factors for the sustainability of conventional vibrated concrete as like as formulation parameters. In the case of self-consolidating concrete (SCC), due their fluidity, casting is done by free flow under the influence of their own weight. Consolidation in the forms is done without vibration due to their rheological characteristics. It is therefore reasonable to expect that the rheological characteristics of SCC would have a significant influence on the durability's properties. This thesis examines the possible links between the rheological characteristics of SCC and vis-à-vis durability's transport of aggressive agents. In total, Seventeen SCC mixtures covering a wide range of rheological properties were investigated. Three current rheological models were studied to determine the rheological parameters. In other hand, durability of cover concrete close of site conditions was studied on 6 partially reinforced beams and 3 semi-workable concrete vibrated slightly.Sorptivity test was used as indicator of vis-à-vis aggressive transport durability. The durability of the concrete cover layer in contact respectively with the wooden and PVC frame has been studied and the results were compared with the durability of interior bulk concrete. This study was made taking into account the exchange of water and aggregate arrangement against the formwork.Good correlation between initial plastic viscosity determined by the Bingham modified model or consistency coefficient determined by the Herschel-Bulkley model of SCC and the sorptivity measured during the first hours of testing is established. It is likely that the initial plastic viscosity or consistency coefficient has a marked influence on the volume of the largest capillary pores of concrete, which can significantly affect durability. The specific study of the concrete cover showed that its sorptivity depends on the type of formwork used because of water exchanges made between the concrete surface. Aggregate arrangement against the formwork was also modified. Sorptivity of the concrete cover of PVC is near but below that of the interior bulk concrete. Sorptivity of the concrete cover against wooden frame is significantly less than over of against PVC while being correlated with the plastic viscosity of modified Bingham or consistency coefficient of Herschel-Bulkley model.

This diploma thesis focuses on the influence of properties of feedstocks for the production of quality surfaces of architectural concrete. The introductory part describes the definition of architectural concrete with the advantages and disadvantages of its implementation. In the following chapters, the characteristics, the dosage or the chemical composition of the input materials are given. Besides the design of the mixture, important parameters for the creation of a quality surface of concrete are compaction, precise placement in formwork and subsequent treatment of the surface. Individual types of architectural concrete, their method of production with the examples belonging to concrete constructions are also given. In the practical part, 4 mixtures were designed, whose type or dosage of feedstocks was changed. In creating mixtures, emphasis was placed on minimal segregation of fresh concrete and the formation of pores on the surface of hardened concrete.

Corrosion of reinforcement in reinforced concrete is a huge problem. Corrosion of reinforcement has a great effect on the service life of reinforced concrete structures. The subject of this work is to verify the inhibitors properties and their efficiency using physical and electrochemical methods. The aim of this work is the design of formwork panels with corrosion protection. The formwork panels are on different material basis. Corrosion protection is ensured by the use of migration corrosion inhibitors.

The master thesis deals with the making of new municipal building project documentation. The building has two elevated floors and one underground floor; it is made of concrete block formwork and ceramic bricks. The ceiling structures and stairs are of monolithic reinforced concrete. For the flat roof a single ply roofing system is used.

The master’s thesis as focused on the design a kindergarten located in Vrbovec. The project documentation is suited for the execution of construction works. It handles about a single storey object with a green roof and is recessed into the hillside. The green roof corrects seamlessly with the surrounding terrain. A feature of the build is that, it is founded on milled foamglass. Vertical structures are from silicate blocks, excluding the walls in contact with soil are based on hidden formwork. Design of the building respects the local plan of Vrbovec. There are going to be two groups of children, thus the disposition is accustomed to that. Maximum capacity is 48 children. It is shape and color design represents an architectural site, it is properties function in terms of energy savings.