My dissertation studies the political and corporate reasons behind the adoption of free and open source software technologies in a developing nation, India. This study also attempts to understand the significance of these grassroots technologies for India as it plays on a global arena. How do “free” and “open source software” movements develop in an Indian context and bridge digital divides? The core of the first chapter will establish the questions investigated in this study as well as the significance of this interdisciplinary project for India. It is also important to understand that the varied roles of governments and corporations supporting a new technology, are crucial to its success. Chapter 2 studies the motivations of the Indian government towards adopting free and open-source technologies. The motivations of the industry are different from governmental motivations. In chapter 3, the landscape of Indian software industry players and their reasons for supporting these software technologies are discussed. How do governmental and industry motivations translate? Are they successful and do they live up to their hype? Chapter 4 distinguishes between the hype and reality of the software landscape in India and presents a larger picture of the controversies surrounding software development, in general. A concluding essay of chapter 5 couches the entire project within the process of globalization, speculating its significance for sustainable global information flows.

Na década de 90, os Sistemas ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) alcançaram larga utilização, principalmente em empresas de grande porte, devido ao seu elevado custo. Em contrapartida, o interesse por sistemas livres data dos primeiros softwares desenvolvidos para computadores na década de 60 e 70 até os dias atuais com sistemas empresariais como os sistemas ERP. O problema desta pesquisa encontra-se em como adotar, selecionar e implementar um ERP livre. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é compreender e avaliar o processo de adoção, seleção e implementação de ERP livre. Para esta finalidade, o trabalho é dividido em duas partes: a parte inicial, baseada na pesquisa bibliográfica, apresenta como 3 capítulos iniciais a Introdução, Fundamentação Teórica e Metodologia. A parte final que apresenta a contribuição desta pesquisa, composta dos capítulos Modelo Inicial, Trabalho de Campo, Modelo Final e Conclusão. As contribuições do trabalho iniciam-se com a proposição pelo autor de um modelo inicial de ciclo de vida de ERP abrangendo estes processos considerando não haver distinções entre o modelo para um ERP proprietário ou livre. Refina-se este modelo inicial através da aplicação do método de pesquisa-ação em um trabalho de campo com a implantação de um ERP livre em uma organização brasileira. Como resultado deste trabalho obteve-se um modelo final de ciclo de vida de ERP independente do mesmo ser desenvolvido na forma de software livre ou proprietário. Identificaram-se também as diferenças nos processos de adoção, seleção e implementação entre ERP proprietário e livre. Encontraram-se conclusões que suportam as empresas a considerar ou não a inclusão do ERP livre nos processos de adoção, seleção e implementação. / In the 90s, the ERP systems (Enterprise Resource Planning) have achieved wide use, especially in large-sized companies because of its high cost. By contrast, interest in free systems date of the first software designed for computers in the 60s and 70s until the present day with enterprise systems such as ERP systems. The problem of this research is on how to adopt, select and implement an ERP free. The objective of this work is to understand and evaluate the process of adoption, selection and implementation of ERP free. To this, work has two parts: the initial part, based on bibliographic research has 3 chapters: initial introduction, theoretical fundaments and methodology. The final part shows the contribution of this research composed of chapters: Initial Model, Work of Field and Final Model. Finally, present the conclusion. The contributions of work begin with the proposition by the author of an original model of the life cycle of ERP covering these processes considering no distinctions between the proprietary and free ERP. Initial model was refined using the method of action research with the adoption, selection and implementation of a free ERP in a Brazilian company. As result of this study, published a final model of the life cycle of ERP independent of development form (free or proprietary). Was identified also the differences between free and proprietary ERP in adoption, selection and implementation process. We found conclusions that support companies to consider whether or not the inclusion of ERP free in cases of adoption, selection and implementation.

På grund av kalhuggning har förutsättningen förändrats förhålboende fåglar. Bohålsbristen går att åtgärda med placering av nya fågelholkar. Genom att använda GIS går det att strategiskt välja de bästa områdena att sätta ut nya fågelholkar. Med hjälp av crowdsourcing och mobiltelefoner går det kartlägga holkarna som kan användas som underlag för nyplacering eller som hjälp för analys som t.ex. arters spridning. Studien visar hur man kan erhålla ett system för multikriterieanalys i realtid online för mobiltelefoner som utnyttjar crowdsourcing och öppna standarder. PostGIS, Leaflet, Geoserver, PyWPS, GRASS GIS har använts för att uppfylla kraven på prototypen. Tidsåtgången av detta system utvärderades genom att mäta tiden för utförande av algoritmen och tiden för förfrågan till utritningen av resultatet. Resultatet visar att det är möjligt att utföra multikriterieanalyser på kort tid som är acceptabel för användare av smarta mobiltelefoner på fält och att det går att urskilja närliggande fågelholkar. Denna metod skulle kunna anpassas för liknande scenarion.

In this thesis work, we try to enhance an industry work simulator by developing a Free and Open source fault injecting and monitoring application. We present our experiences and ideas while participating in a work simulation. We implement some of these ideas to further enhance the simulation. We also try to connect these experiences to the fields of Human Com- puter Interaction (HCI), Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) and Ubiquitous Computing. / This thesis is mainly about developing a Fault injecting and Monitoring (FIM) application for supporting Work simulation environment. / Mobile number: 0739225562 (Sweden) vikas.vikky@gmail.com

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Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS) has become an integral part of the software supply chain in the past decade. Various entities (automated tools and humans) are involved at different stages of the software supply chain. Some actions that occur in the chain may result in vulnerabilities or malicious code injected in a published artifact distributed in a package repository. At the end of the software supply chain, developers or end-users may consume the resulting artifacts altered in transit, including benign and malicious injection. This dissertation starts from the first link in the software supply chain, ‘developers’. Since many developers do not update their vulnerable software libraries, thus exposing the user of their code to security risks. To understand how they choose, manage and update the libraries, packages, and other Open-Source Software (OSS) that become the building blocks of companies’ completed products consumed by end-users, twenty-five semi-structured interviews were conducted with developers of both large and small-medium enterprises in nine countries. All interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed according to applied thematic analysis. Although there are many observations about developers’ attitudes on selecting dependencies for their projects, additional quantitative work is needed to validate whether behavior matches or whether there is a gap. Therefore, we provide an extensive empirical analysis of twelve quality and popularity factors that should explain the corresponding popularity (adoption) of PyPI packages was conducted using our tool called py2src. At the end of the software supply chain, software libraries (or packages) are usually downloaded directly from the package registries via package dependency management systems under the comfortable assumption that no discrepancies are introduced in the last mile between the source code and their respective packages. However, such discrepancies might be introduced by manual or automated build tools (e.g., metadata, Python bytecode files) or for evil purposes (malicious code injects). To identify differences between the published Python packages in PyPI and the source code stored on Github, we developed a new approach called LastPyMile . Our approach has been shown to be promising to integrate within the current package dependency management systems or company workflow for vetting packages at a minimal cost. With the ever-increasing numbers of software bugs and security vulnerabilities, the burden of secure software supply chain management on developers and project owners increases. Although automated program repair approaches promise to reduce the burden of bug-fixing tasks by suggesting likely correct patches for software bugs, little is known about the practical aspects of using APR tools, such as how long one should wait for a tool to generate a bug fix. To provide a realistic evaluation of five state-of-the-art APR tools, 221 bugs from 44 open-source Java projects were run within a reasonable developers’ time and effort.