[pt] A utilização de estruturas espaciais metálicas como solução estrutural para cobertura de edificações no Brasil tem sido cada vez mais difundida.Esses sistemas são basicamente compostos pela união de barras através de nós de ligação, formando uma malha tridimensional de barras no espaço. A principal diferença existente entre os vários sistemas espaciais metálicos até hoje desenvolvidos corresponde principalmente aos diferentes tipos de nós de ligação adotados. A complexidade dos diferentes tipos de nós de ligação tem sido o principal fator diferencial de custo entre cada sistema. No Brasil, por motivos econômicos o tipo de nó de ligação mais utilizado é o de ponta amassada.O nó de ligação de ponta amassada é o mais simples e mais barato para ser fabricado, porém, possui duas desvantagens principais: este tipo de nó gera o aparecimento de excentricidades na aplicação dos esforços e provoca a redução de inércia nas extremidades das barras, devido ao processo de amassamento. As normas geralmente adotadas para o dimensionamento de estruturas espaciais metálicas [2, 11, 20] ainda não consideram adequadamente os efeitos da redução de inércia e das excentricidades. Tem sido cada vez mais freqüente a constatação de problemas de instabilidade estrutural em obras recentes, que podem causar colapsos parciais ou até mesmo totais. Estes fatos motivaram o estudo do comportamento estrutural dos nós de ligação com pontas amassadas, observando a influência da redução de inércia nas extremidades das barras e das excentricidades na resistência global das estruturas. Inicialmente apresenta-se um breve histórico dos sistemas estruturais espaciais metálicos, seguido de uma descrição dos principais nós de ligação existentes. A seguir são apresentadas informações gerais sobre a classificação dos diferentes tipos de treliças espaciais mais utilizados. Em seguida são descritos e apresentados três séries de ensaios, realizados em escala real, visando o estudo do comportamento estrutural e a avaliação de reforços estruturais com o objetivo de aumentar a capacidade de carga,diminuir os deslocamentos ou recuperar uma estrutura que apresente subdimensionamento.Finalmente os resultados são comparados com valores de projeto recomendados pelas normas de projeto de estruturas de aço. / [en] The use of spatial structures as a natural structural system for long spans is becoming more frequent in Brazil. These structural systems, basically composed of bars and nodes, enable the development of a very efficient tri- dimensional mesh. The main difference between the major spatial systems is associated with the adopted structural connections being the node complexity the main factor for the cost difference between each system.In Brazil, by economic reasons, the most adopted connections uses the end- flattened bar converging into the node connected with a single bolt. This type of joint is the simplest and cheaper to be manufactured, but it has two main disadvantages, the generated eccentricity force and the bar`s inertia reduction due to the flattening process.Nowadays the structural design codes still do not properly tackles the inertia reduction and eccentricities effects previously mentioned. On the other hand, structural instability problems that can cause local or even global collapses have being more frequently noticed in recently executed structures. This was the main motivation for the investigation of the structural behaviour of spatial structures with flattened edges connections.A brief history of spatial structural systems is initially presented, followed by a description of the more usual splice joints. This is followed by a general description of the spatial trusses use and classification. This work continues with a depiction of an experimental program, consisting of three series of full-scale tests was performed to enlighten the structural behaviour. This work also presents a study of the structural reinforcements; created to improve the structural load capacity, minimize deflections or recuperate structures under-designed. Finally the experimental results are compared with design codes provisions.

Master of Science / Department of Journalism and Mass Communications / Angela Powers / The country of Myanmar started political reforms in 2010. Along with the process of becoming more democratic, peace and reconciliation have become very important due to the decades-long civil wars that continue to rage between ethnic minority groups and Myanmar Army. The Myanmar media have the potential to play a huge role in national reconciliation. One conflict between the Muslim and the Buddhist of Rakhine State of Myanmar has gained international attention. Research shows that media play a destructive or constructive role in conflict resolution depending on which news frames they adopt in reporting. This uses the theoretic peace journalism perspective, in which media take a careful, consistent and conscientious approach to report stories that create opportunities for society at large and emphasizes non-violent responses to conflict (Lynch, 2008). Using mass media framing theory and existing peace journalism literature, this study investigates the prominence of war and peace journalism framing in the media coverage of an ongoing conflict in the Northern Rakhine State of Myanmar between a group of Muslims and Buddhists who inhabit the region. This study employed a comparative analysis to examine war and peace journalism frames from stories published in four newspapers; two from Myanmar, one from Bangladesh, and one from the U.S. The analysis was guided by Galtung’s (1986) classifications of peace and war journalism and operational definitions derived by Lee and Maslog (2005). Findings suggest that war journalism frames are dominant in the coverage of the Rakhine conflict regardless of media origin. Even though not statistically significant, the government-run newspaper from Myanmar was revealed to produce more peace journalism stories than the other three newspapers. There was a slight difference in coverage of the conflict between English-language and Burmese-language newspapers in terms of peace/war journalism framing. English news stories were more likely to be framed as war journalism than peace journalism. In addition, news stories produced by U.S. journalists and foreign news wire services such as the Associated Press and Reuters were more war-dominant than stories produced by local/regional journalists of Myanmar and Bangladesh. This study calls for international and local journalists to reevaluate their current conflict reporting practices to promote their positive roles in peace processes.

A frame can be understood to act as something both complementary and even intrinsic to the work it houses. But the frame also acts as more than just a physical object. It serves as a guiding principle, perhaps even a controlling device, in the sense that it provides a context for the work as well as informing the way in which a work is read. Acting with the image it surrounds, it links the artwork to the surrounding space as well as the viewer. In this study, I explore these various functions and effects by providing an overview of framing devices that have been used by artists in the West as well as referring to guiding principles that some museums in South Africa have used when making choices about the ways in which they frame works in their collections. This examination provides a context for my paintings. Based on photographs of the walls of various small galleries in the Eastern Cape, my works take as their subject the notion of the ‘frame’ as both a physical object and the marker of a historically contextualized viewpoint.

We conducted three experiments to better understand how mothers structure their input to young children for finding hidden objects and how young children use this input to guide their searches. We examined the reference frames and spatial terms mothers use to communicate with their 2.5-, 3.0-, and 3.5-year-old children about location by asking mothers to verbally disambiguate a target hiding container from an identical non-target hiding container for their child. We varied the relative proximity of the target and non-target containers to a landmark and to the mother and child. The target and non-target containers were on opposite sides of the landmark in Experiment 1 and on the same side of the landmark in Experiments 2 and 3. The absolute distance of the containers from the landmark was increased in Experiment 3, while the relative distance of the containers to the landmark and to the mother and child remained the same. In all of the experiments, mothers' reference frame use was governed by the relative proximity of the target and non-target containers to the landmark and themselves. Older children followed directions more successfully than did younger children. The Discussion focuses on how the age of the child and the characteristics of the task shape maternal spatial communication.

Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Gestión y Políticas Públicas / El maltrato físico, psicológico y el abuso sexual infantil es un problema público, que actualmente está en la agenda pública, y tiene como víctimas a niños/as de diferentes edades. En las zonas rurales, se destacan por tener dentro de los delitos con mayor frecuencia en el territorio, la violencia en el hogar, el maltrato grave y el abuso sexual infantil. (CEAD, 2018) En los últimos años el ingreso al programa de Servicio Nacional de Menores dedicado a bordar la temática, ha aumentado considerablemente, existiendo largas listas de espera por ser atendidos que en junio del 2018 ascendía a 1533 niños/as (SENAME, 2018) Los ejecutores de estos programas son Organismos Colaboradores, que poseen diversos valores y principios, y pueden ser laicos, religiosos, estatales, de carácter nacional o regional. Esta investigación se plantea como problema de investigación el analizar si las diferencias en valores, concepciones y principios de los organismos colaboradores de SENAME, impactan de manera diferenciada en la implementación del programa. Para ello se analizan los diferentes marcos interpretativos que tienen los organismos colaboradores de SENAME en la implementación del Programa de Protección Especializada en el Maltrato y el Abuso Sexual (PRM) en las zonas rurales de la región metropolitana. La metodología utilizada fue cualitativa exploratoria, por medio del análisis de contenido de entrevistas semi- estructuradas combinadas con métodos visuales, realizada a los formuladores, gestores e interventores del programa. Los resultados de la investigación nos muestras que los diferentes frames identificados, los valores y principios de los OCAS, se plasman en la implementación del programa, a través de la intervención que realizan los ejecutores directores. A partir de la información analizada se logran establecer los diferentes policy frames que poseen los formuladores, gestores e interventores que implementan el programa PRM. Estos policys frames convergen y divergen en diferentes niveles, es decir entre actores (formuladores, gestores e interventores) y entre organizaciones laicas y religiosas. Se concluye que la falta de precisión de las normas técnicas en la implementación del Programa hace que dominen los marcos interpretativos de los OCAS favoreciendo la heterogeneidad en las intervenciones. Asimismo, Los valores y principios de los organismos colaboradores se reflejan en el tipo de acciones que implementan del programa, produciéndose una diversidad de atenciones según el marco interpretativo dominante de las OCAS. / FONDECYT N° 11160330 " Cambio en las políticas hacía la infancia y adolescencia en Chile. Análisis de los marcos interpretativos de Instituciones y actores relacionados"

Safety in public spaces has become an issue of increased concern and attention in India, after incidents of sexual harassment and violence against women. The need for safe public spaces was formulated in the civil society in New Delhi and can be described as a social movement. Mobilization and mechanisms behind is studied in a theory-based analysis to learn more about social movements. Results can be of general importance in understanding the role social movements may play in work for safe public environments, not only in New Delhi, but elsewhere as well. The purpose of the thesis is to i) describe the work by social movement on safe public spaces among three central actors within the movement and ii) analyze the movement´s success in its mobilizing efforts and highlight mechanisms of importance. The study is a qualitative case study in New Delhi. The empiric material was collected through a document study and semi-structured interviews. Frame theory was used in study design and data analysis. The analysis showed common problems perceived by the actors as overall fear, patriarchy and urbanization, while working methods and solutions differed. The main difference was a result of digitalization and activities on social media in a cycle of protest. Motivational frames portrayed vulnerabilities, challenges and opportunities for women getting attention and motivated to engage. It has resulted in a diverse movement, shaping new ways to reach out taking advantage of new technology.

Dissertation (MA (Drama and Film Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2002. / Drama / unrestricted

No description available.

The main objective of this investigation is to study experimentally the behavior of rectangular reinforced concrete frames subject to a combination of low column loads, beam loads, and lateral load. The analytical tool used in this investigation is a computer program which is a generalized computational method for non linear force deformation relationship and secondary forces due to displacement of the joints during loading. In the experimental portion of this investigation, two rectangular frames, one design by the Ultimate Strength Design method and the other by a Limit Design method were prepared and tested to failure with short time loading. Physical tests indicate that frames under the action of low gravity loads and lateral load became unstable after the formation of two hinges in the beams.

Thesis (Sc.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING. / Bibliography: leaves 180-184. / by Hooshang Banon. / Sc.D.