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Espectrometria de lente térmica em sólidos: teoria e aplicações / Thermal Lens Spectrometry in solids:theory and applicationsCosta, Gláucia Grüninger Gomes 19 October 2005 (has links)
Neste trabalho propomos o estudo da Espectrometria de Lente Térmica, sua teoria e aplicações, visto ser uma técnica de alta sensibilidade e que permite a medida das propriedades termo-ópticas dos materiais, como a difusividade térmica (D), a condutividade térmica (k), desvio do caminho óptico pela temperatura (ds/dT) - para materiais sólidos - ou a variação do índice de refração em relação à temperatura (dn/dT) - para líquidos e gases. Para isso inicialmente fizemos um estudo da teoria da difração. Valendo-se da Integral de Difração de Fresnel Kirchhoff obtivemos a expressão analítica da intensidade de um feixe de laser, difratado por diversos elementos ópticos (aberturas e obstáculos circular e retangular, por exemplo), tanto para o regime da difração de Fresnel, quanto da difração de Fraunhofer. Ainda no estudo da difração propusemos um arranjo experimental muito simples, utilizando-se um laser pointer sem a lente colimadora, permitindo que se obtenha, com grande facilidade, os padrões de difração no campo próximo, o que é difícil nas montagens tradicionais. Na seqüência fizemos uma revisão dos modelos de Lente Térmica tradicionalmente utilizados, modelos parabólico e aberrante. E, na comparação que realizamos entre eles, verificamos que pelos resultados obtidos através de simulações, com o modelo parabólico se apresenta em grande desacordo (>50%) com os obtidos com o modelo aberrante. Desta forma, concluímos que os dados da literatura obtidos na década de 70 e que ainda são utilizados, merecem ser revistos. Por fim, notamos na literatura um crescente interesse em lasers de alta potência, principalmente pelos bombeados por lasers de diodo. Desta forma fizemos um estudo valendo-se do modelo aberrante de Lente Térmica sob o regime de q grande, no qual procuramos verificar o limite de validade dos modelos de L.T. utilizados, observando o surgimento de fenômeno da aberração esférica, juntamente com as estruturas de anéis. / In this work we have proposed the study of Thermal Lens Spectrometry, its theory and applications, because it is a highly sensitive technique that allows the measure of the thermo-optical properties of the materials, as the thermal diffusivity (D), the thermal conductivity (k), the change of optical path length with temperature (ds/dT), for solid materials or the change of refractive index with temperature (dn/dT), for liquids and gases. Initially we studied the diffraction theory. We utilized the Fresnel Kirchhoff Diffraction Integral to obtain the analytic expression of the beam laser intensity, whose was diffracted for several optical elements, so much for the regime of the Fresnel diffraction as the regime of the Fraunhofer diffraction. Continuing in the study of the diffraction we proposed a very simple experimental apparatus where we used a laser pointer without the collimator lens, allowing that it was obtained with great facility the Fresnel diffraction patterns, which are difficult to observe in the common experimental apparatus. In the sequence, we made a revision of the models of Thermal Lens traditionally used, parabolic and aberrant models. And, in the comparison that we accomplished among them, we verified that for the results obtained through simulations, with the parabolic model it comes in great disagreement (>50%) with obtained them with the aberrant model. This way, we concluded that literatures data obtained in the 70ths and they are still used, they must be reviewed. Finally, we noticed in the literature a growing interest in high power lasers. This way we made a study where we used the aberrant model of Thermal Lens under the regime of great q, in which we look for to verify the limit of validity of the used models, observing the appearance of the spherical aberration together with the rings structure.
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Espectrometria de lente térmica em sólidos: teoria e aplicações / Thermal Lens Spectrometry in solids:theory and applicationsGláucia Grüninger Gomes Costa 19 October 2005 (has links)
Neste trabalho propomos o estudo da Espectrometria de Lente Térmica, sua teoria e aplicações, visto ser uma técnica de alta sensibilidade e que permite a medida das propriedades termo-ópticas dos materiais, como a difusividade térmica (D), a condutividade térmica (k), desvio do caminho óptico pela temperatura (ds/dT) - para materiais sólidos - ou a variação do índice de refração em relação à temperatura (dn/dT) - para líquidos e gases. Para isso inicialmente fizemos um estudo da teoria da difração. Valendo-se da Integral de Difração de Fresnel Kirchhoff obtivemos a expressão analítica da intensidade de um feixe de laser, difratado por diversos elementos ópticos (aberturas e obstáculos circular e retangular, por exemplo), tanto para o regime da difração de Fresnel, quanto da difração de Fraunhofer. Ainda no estudo da difração propusemos um arranjo experimental muito simples, utilizando-se um laser pointer sem a lente colimadora, permitindo que se obtenha, com grande facilidade, os padrões de difração no campo próximo, o que é difícil nas montagens tradicionais. Na seqüência fizemos uma revisão dos modelos de Lente Térmica tradicionalmente utilizados, modelos parabólico e aberrante. E, na comparação que realizamos entre eles, verificamos que pelos resultados obtidos através de simulações, com o modelo parabólico se apresenta em grande desacordo (>50%) com os obtidos com o modelo aberrante. Desta forma, concluímos que os dados da literatura obtidos na década de 70 e que ainda são utilizados, merecem ser revistos. Por fim, notamos na literatura um crescente interesse em lasers de alta potência, principalmente pelos bombeados por lasers de diodo. Desta forma fizemos um estudo valendo-se do modelo aberrante de Lente Térmica sob o regime de q grande, no qual procuramos verificar o limite de validade dos modelos de L.T. utilizados, observando o surgimento de fenômeno da aberração esférica, juntamente com as estruturas de anéis. / In this work we have proposed the study of Thermal Lens Spectrometry, its theory and applications, because it is a highly sensitive technique that allows the measure of the thermo-optical properties of the materials, as the thermal diffusivity (D), the thermal conductivity (k), the change of optical path length with temperature (ds/dT), for solid materials or the change of refractive index with temperature (dn/dT), for liquids and gases. Initially we studied the diffraction theory. We utilized the Fresnel Kirchhoff Diffraction Integral to obtain the analytic expression of the beam laser intensity, whose was diffracted for several optical elements, so much for the regime of the Fresnel diffraction as the regime of the Fraunhofer diffraction. Continuing in the study of the diffraction we proposed a very simple experimental apparatus where we used a laser pointer without the collimator lens, allowing that it was obtained with great facility the Fresnel diffraction patterns, which are difficult to observe in the common experimental apparatus. In the sequence, we made a revision of the models of Thermal Lens traditionally used, parabolic and aberrant models. And, in the comparison that we accomplished among them, we verified that for the results obtained through simulations, with the parabolic model it comes in great disagreement (>50%) with obtained them with the aberrant model. This way, we concluded that literatures data obtained in the 70ths and they are still used, they must be reviewed. Finally, we noticed in the literature a growing interest in high power lasers. This way we made a study where we used the aberrant model of Thermal Lens under the regime of great q, in which we look for to verify the limit of validity of the used models, observing the appearance of the spherical aberration together with the rings structure.
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Evaluation of Digital Holographic Reconstruction Techniques for Use in One-shot Multi-angle Holographic TomographyLiu, Haipeng 26 August 2014 (has links)
No description available.
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Difrakční jevy ve vysílaném optickém svazku / Diffraction Effects in Transmitted Optical BeamPoliak, Juraj January 2014 (has links)
Dizertačná práca pojednáva o vlnových a elektromagnetických javoch, ku ktorým dochádza pri zatienení eliptického Gausovského zväzku kruhovou apretúrou. Najprv boli z Huygensovho-Fresnelovho princípu odvodené dva modely Fresnelovej difrakcie. Tieto modely poskytli nástroj pre zavedenie kontrastu difrakčného obrazca ako veličiny, ktorá kvantifikuje vplyv difrakčných javov na prevádzkové parametre optického spoja. Následne, pomocou nástrojov elektromagnetickej teórie svetla, boli odvodené štyri výrazy (dva presné a dva aproximatívne) popisujúce geometrický útlm optického spoja. Zároveň boli skúmané tri rôzne prípady odsmerovania zväzku - priečne posunutie a uhlové odsmerovanie vysielača, resp. prijímača. Bol odvodený výraz, ktorý tieto prípady kvantifikuje ako útlm elipticky symetrického Gausovského zväzku. Všetky vyššie uvedené modely boli overené v laboratórnych podmienkach, aby sa vylúčil vplyv iných javov. Nakoniec práca pojednáva o návrhu plne fotonického optického terminálu. Najprv bol ukázaný návrh optického vysielača nasledovaný vývojom optomechanickej sústavy prijímača. Pomocou nástrojov geometrickej a maticovej optiky boli vypočítané parametre spoja a odhad tolerancie pri zamierení spoja.
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Raster-Thermospannungs-Mikroskopie der Interferenz von Elektronenwellen auf der Au(111)-Oberfläche / Interferenzmuster und Streueigenschaften in einem zweidimensionalen Elektronengas / Scanning-Thermovoltage-Microscopy of the interference of electron waves on the Au(111)-surface / Interference patterns and scattering in a two dimensional electron gasEngel, Klaus Jürgen 19 October 2001 (has links)
No description available.
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Engineering And Application Of Ultrafast Laser Pulses And Filamentation In AirBarbieri, Nicholas 01 January 2013 (has links)
Continuing advances in laser and photonic technology has seen the development of lasers with increasing power and increasingly short pulsewidths, which have become available over an increasing range of wavelengths. As the availability of laser sources grow, so do their applications. To make better use of this improving technology, understanding and controlling laser propagation in free space is critical, as is understanding the interaction between laser light and matter. The need to better control the light obtained from increasingly advanced laser sources leads to the emergence of beam engineering, the systematic understanding and control of light through refractive media and free space. Beam engineering enables control over the beam shape, energy and spectral composition during propagation, which can be achieved through a variety of means. In this dissertation, several methods of beam engineering are investigated. These methods enable improved control over the shape and propagation of laser light. Laser-matter interaction is also investigated, as it provides both a means to control the propagation of pulsed laser light through the atmosphere, and provides a means to generation remote sources of radiation.
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Holographic imaging of cold atomsTurner, Lincoln David Unknown Date (has links) (PDF)
This thesis presents a new optical imaging technique which measures the structure of objects without the use of lenses. Termed diffraction-contrast imaging (DCI), the method retrieves the object structure from a Fresnel diffraction pattern of the object, using a deconvolution algorithm. DCI is particularly adept at imaging highly transparent objects and this is demonstrated by retrieving the structure of an almost transparent cloud of laser-cooled atoms. Applied to transparent Bose-Einstein condensates, DCI should allow the non-destructive imaging of the condensate while requiring only the minimum possible apparatus of a light source and a detector. (For complete abstract open document)
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