No description available.

The beet-boot and said-shed continua were created in 2001. Each continuum has 13 stimuli and there are a total of four continua (one each of beet-boot and said-shed for a female and a male speaker). There are two kinds of files in this archive, parameter and audio. The parameter files have the .doc extension, but they are text files that serve as input to a Klatt synthesizer rather than Microsoft Word files. The audio files are Microsoft .wav files that have the .wav extension. / NIDCD (No. DC003007)

An unique Czech fricative thrill - /ř/ - was studied mainly by Dr. Hála and Dr. Chlumský in the first half of the twentieth century. The methods employed were rather simple and the experiments were done on limited sample size. We decided to revisit and extend the results with electropalatography (EPG). Four female and three men participated in the experiments that were based on reading aloud voiced and voiceless /ř/ in various contexts. We dedicated a short part to dynamic characteristics of /ř/ and focused predominantly on the area of linguopalatal contact. We described the points of linguopalatal contact during /ř/ with adjusted anteriority index (CA). The possible factors affecting the CA are discussed. We scrutinized the differences in CA depending on selected factors for the whole group and each participant. The data suggest that thrill /ř/ occurs in the alveolar area. Anteriority index was chiefly dependent on voicing /ř/, type of the read material and also differed among various speakers.

The present study aims to investigate the production of the voiced labiodental fricative /v/ of Saudi Arabian speakers of English in view of linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. The linguistic aspect focuses on the role of the position of the sound in words, initial and final, and the distribution of errors per word in view of more and less familiar words. The extra-linguistic factors include participants' lengths of stay in the US and their ages and the potential influence these may have on the accuracy of pronouncing the target sound /v/. The total number of the subjects is 20 (10 male and 10 female), and their ages range between 20 and 35, with Mean age 27. Data is elicited through participants' reading of a word list with the target sound in initial and final position. The data coding is performed through spectrographic analysis and rater judgments. The analysis employs descriptive statistics, a dependent t-test used to compare production errors between initial and final position, and correlation analyses through which subjects' length of stay in the US and age are correlated with their total number of errors in both word positions. The findings show that word-final position is more difficult in pronouncing the phoneme /v/ than word-initial position. In addition, when the voiced labiodental fricative /v/ is mispronounced, it is substituted with the voiceless labiodental fricative /f/. Also, the correlation analysis shows that the longer the subjects have stayed in the USA, the more accurate their pronunciation of the target sound is (and vice versa). A significant correlation is also found between age and accuracy of pronunciation, as the younger subjects have more accurate pronunciation. The results of this study provide empirical evidence in support of several language acquisition theories, such as Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (Lado, 1957), Markedness Differential Hypothesis (Eckman, 1977) and Language Transfer Theory (Gass & Selinker, 1994), all of which claim the influence of learners' first language on their second language. In the context of this study, the substitution of the voiced labiodental fricative /v/ with its voiceless counterpart /f/ can be attributed to the fact that /f/ is the only labiodental fricative phoneme in the Arabic language.

abstract: This study analyzes the Spanish of native speakers from Northern Mexico in order to ascertain the presence of the voiced labiodental fricative segment [v] when the sound is orthographically represented with the letter `v'. The study examines some of the internal and external factors that predict the labiodental fricative pronunciation of the letter `v'. This study is based on the theoretical framework of phonology as described by Piñeros (2009) and Hualde (2005). The study examined all instances in the data when a sound is written with the letter `v' to investigate if the sound is pronounced as the faithful voiced plosive bilabial allophone [b] of the phoneme /b/, the spirantized allophone [β], or the voiced labiodental fricative allophone [v]. Four speakers, a male and a female with an incomplete secondary education, and a male and a female with a graduate level education participated in the study. All participants were interviewed for one hour, read a word list, and read a paragraph provided by the researcher. The researcher coded the data using the phonetic analysis software Praat and all data were statistically analyzed using the multivariate software analysis program Goldvarb X in order to investigate the presence of the voiced labiodental fricative allophone [v] and predict what internal and external factors most influence its production. From this study it is obvious that the most influential factor favoring the realization of the labiodental fricative allophone [v] is orthography. When the phonetic segment was represented with the grapheme , the phonetic realization was more likely to be the labiodental fricative [v]. The level of education of the speaker and the formality of the stylistic setting were also determined to be influential factors. Speakers with a higher degree of education and stylistic settings with a higher degree of formality favored the realization of the labiodental fricative [v]. With regards to the internal factors, rather than external factors, a preceding phonological segment of a vowel or fricative dental [s] also favored the realization of the labiodental fricative [v]. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Spanish 2012

Coarticulation is the kinematic and spectral overlap between adjacent sounds during speech production. Coarticulation patterns in typical adults have been well established; however, the manner in which coarticulation is developed in children is still unclear. Research has provided conflicting views, showing that children exhibit more, less, or an equal degree of coarticulation when compared to adult speakers. Considering the divergent findings present in the literature regarding coarticulation in children, the purpose of the present study is to further investigate anticipatory coarticulation in typically developing young children between the ages of three and six years. This study focuses on the acoustic characteristics of an unstressed vowel, the schwa, prior to a series of real words. Results indicate that children exhibit adult-like patterns of coarticulation even at a relatively young age. However, the degree of anticipatory coarticulation is dependent upon the phonemic context, with greater differences being evident in a fricative context and less when followed by a stop consonant.

No description available.

Objetivos: Estabelecer um banco de amostras de fala constituído por gravações representativas do uso de articulação compensatória do tipo (FF), da presença de hipernasalidade e da ausência de hipernasalidade; identificar valores de nasalância (média e desvio padrão) em amostras de fala estudadas; e comparar os valores de nasalância nas diferentes amostras de fala. Método: Um total de 1680 amostras de fala foram fornecidas por 19 indivíduos com fissura labiopalatina (FLP) operada, com ou sem disfunção velofaringea (DVF) e por cinco indivíduos sem DVF e sem histórico de FLP. Os participantes repetiram um conjunto de 14 frases (13 constituídas de sons de alta pressão e uma constituída de um som de baixa pressão), enquanto os sinais de áudio e nasalância foram capturados simultaneamente. Os sinais de áudio foram editados e foram julgados por três juízas experientes por consenso. Após julgamento as amostras foram reagrupadas em quatro grupos distintos: G1 incluiu 255 amostras de fala julgadas como representativas de hipernasalidade (hiper); G2 incluiu 130 amostras de fala julgadas como representativas do uso de FF e hipernasalidade; G3 incluiu 280 amostras de fala julgadas como representativas de fala típica (sem FF e sem hiper) em falantes com histórico de FLP; G4 incluiu 175 amostras de fala julgadas como representativas de fala típicas (sem FF e sem hiper) em falantes sem histórico de FLP. Resultados: Os julgamentos aferidos por consenso pelas três juízas permitiram a identificação de amostras representativas do uso de FF e da presença e ausência de hipernasalidade. As amostras julgadas e redistribuídas nos quatro grupos de interesse permitiram o cálculo dos valores de nasalância para cada grupo e foi realizado estatística inferencial utilizando o teste Kruskal-Wallis para testar a hipótese de que a presença de FF, associada ou não à hipernasalidade, nas amostras de fala de interesse, altera os resultados de nasalância. Quando houve diferença estatisticamente significante foi aplicado o teste Dunn\'s para comparar os grupos aos pares. Após a análise estatística inferencial realizada observa-se que houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos com alteração de fala (G1 e G2) e aqueles sem alteração (G3 e G4). A diferença entre o grupo com hipernasalidade (G1) e o grupo com FF (G2) não foi significante Conclusão: O uso de FF não influenciou significativamente os valores de nasalância para a amostra estudada, refutando a hipótese estipulada. / Objective: This study had the objectives of establishing a data bank of speech recordings representative of use of pharyngeal fricative compensatory articulation (PF); presence and absence of hypernasality; identifying nasalance values (mean and standard deviation for the samples studied; and comparing nasalance finding among the different speech samples established. Method: A total of 1680 speech samples were recorded from 19 individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP), 11 with velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) and 8 without VPD, and from 5 individuals without history of CLP. The participants repeated a series of 14 phrases (13 with high pressure consonants and 1 with a low pressure consonant), while audio and nasometric data was simultaneously recorded. The audio signals captures were edited and rated by 3 experienced judges with 100% agreement. After the ratings the samples were distributed into 4 groups (G): G1 included 255 samples rated as representative of presence of hypernasality; G2 included 130 samples rated as representative of use of PF and hypernasality; G3 included 280 samples rated as representative of normal speech (without PF and without hypernasality) for speakers with history of cleft palate; G4 included 175 samples rated as representative of normal speech (without PF and without hypernasality) for speakers without history of cleft palate. Results: The ratings established with agreement by the 3 judges during auditory-perceptual analysis of the recordings responded to objectives this study which proposed to establish samples representative of use of PF and of presence and absence of hypernasality. The samples rated by the judges were distributed into the four groups of interest for calculation of the nasalance scores, The Kruskal-Wallis statistical test was used to test the hypothesis that presence of PF, with or without hypernasality significantly would affect nasalance scores. When significant difference was found Dunns test was used to compared data in group pairs. After inferential statistics we observed that a significant difference was found between nasalance scores for groups G1 and G2 (samples representative of speech errors) with groups G3 and G4 (samples representative of normal speech). The difference between the group with hypernasality (G1) and the group with PF (G2) was not significant. Conclusion: The use of PF did not significantly influence nasalance values for the studied sample, refuting the proposed hypothesis.

Submitted by Alisson Mota (alisson.davidbeckam@gmail.com) on 2015-06-02T20:24:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Shanay Freire Berçot-Rodrigues.pdf: 3132048 bytes, checksum: 08b6a88a840e903f8cbe620a54b46fa7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-03T15:37:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Shanay Freire Berçot-Rodrigues.pdf: 3132048 bytes, checksum: 08b6a88a840e903f8cbe620a54b46fa7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2015-06-03T15:44:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Shanay Freire Berçot-Rodrigues.pdf: 3132048 bytes, checksum: 08b6a88a840e903f8cbe620a54b46fa7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-03T15:44:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Shanay Freire Berçot-Rodrigues.pdf: 3132048 bytes, checksum: 08b6a88a840e903f8cbe620a54b46fa7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This dissertation aims to investigate, from the perspective of Dialectology in its method Geolinguistic, of Variationist Sociolinguistics and of Natural Phonology (Stampe, 1973), the occurrence of the phonetic-phonological phenomenon of substitution of other fricatives by the glottal fricative [h, ɦ] in the manauara speech. This paperwork was developed through literature and field research. In field research, interviews with 24 informants were conducted, taking into account, among other selection criteria, gender (male; female), age group (18-35 years-old; 36-55 years-old; 56 years-old or more) and education (up to primary; higher education, graduated or not) as to verify the possible influence of these extralinguistic factors in the choice of variants by informants. The interviews were composed of responses to a phonetic-phonological questionnaire (PPQ), sentences reading and text reading. Later, the phonetic transcription and analysis of the data collected were conducted. The results show that: a) linguistically, only the consonant [f] was not substituted in the speech of any of the informants, while all the others have been substituted more or less frequently, being [s] and [ʃ] (in concurrent position) the most substituted ones; b) extralinguisticaly, the phenomenon occurred in more the speech of men than in women, more in the third age group than in the first and second, respectively, and more among the informants of the first level of education than in the second. KEYWORDS: / A presente dissertação objetiva investigar, sob a ótica da Dialetologia com seu método Geolinguístico, da Sociolinguística Variacionista e da Fonologia Natural (Stampe, 1973), a ocorrência do fenômeno fonético-fonológico de substituição das demais consoantes fricativas pela fricativa glotal [h, ɦ] na fala manauara. O desenvolvimento do trabalho se deu através de pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo. Na pesquisa de campo, foram realizadas entrevistas com 24 informantes, levando-se em consideração, dentre outros critérios de seleção, o gênero (masculino; feminino), a faixa etária (18 a 35 anos; 36 a 55 anos; 56 anos ou mais) e o nível de escolaridade (até o ensino fundamental; ensino superior, completo ou não) de maneira a verificar a possível influência desses fatores extralinguísticos na escolha das variantes pelos informantes. As entrevistas foram compostas de respostas a um questionário fonético-fonológico (QFF), leitura de frases e leitura de texto. Posteriormente, fez-se a transcrição fonética e análise dos dados coletados. Os resultados mostram que: a) linguisticamente, apenas a consoante [f] não foi substituída na fala de nenhum dos informantes, enquanto todas as outras foram substituídas com maior ou menor frequência, sendo [s] e [ʃ] (em posição concorrente) as mais substituídas; b) extralinguisticamente, o fenômeno ocorreu mais na fala dos homens do que na das mulheres, mais na terceira faixa etária do que na primeira e na segunda, respectivamente, e mais entre os informantes do primeiro nível de escolaridade do que nos do segundo.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:43:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1122033 bytes, checksum: e744f4565a80e1b014656a9aa14d6b1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-07 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The present study aims to understand the dialectal accommodation process of paraibanos who live in Recife (PE), based on Communication Accommodation Theory (GILES et al., 1987) and in the theoretical-methodological contributions of the Variation Theory (LABOV, 1996; 1972). The phonological phenomenon which will allow us to check the accommodation effects is the realization of coronal fricative /S/ in coda position by the fact that this segment clearly marks the difference between the dialects under study. The corpus was constituted by 9 paraibanos informants residing for at least two years in Recife. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The quantitative analysis enabled us to identify statistically the factors that are contributing to the accommodation, while the qualitative analysis enabled us the interpretation of subjective data that contributed to the accommodation of the new dialect or the preservation of the dialect of origin. The statistical treatment realized through Goldvarb X (SANKOFF, TAGLIAMONTE & SMITH, 2005) showed, in increasing order of significance, which the most relevant variables were: permanence time, amount of exposure to dialect, following phonological context, the style and the frequency of visits. The qualitative analysis developed through the participants speech allowed us identify the linguistics attitude of the informants. We realized that positive evaluation influenced the linguistic accommodation even as the negative evaluation led them to preserve their dialect of origin as a way of distancing. / O presente estudo visa compreender o processo de acomodação dialetal de paraibanos que vivem em Recife (PE), com base na Teoria da Acomodação da Comunicação (GILES et al., 1987) e nos aportes teórico-metodológicos da Teoria da Variação Linguística (LABOV, 2008; 1972). O fenômeno fonológico que nos permitirá verificar os efeitos da acomodação é a realização da fricativa coronal /S/ em posição de coda silábica, pelo fato de que esse segmento marca claramente a diferença entre os dialetos em estudo. O corpus foi constituído por 9 informantes paraibanos que residem há no mínimo dois anos em Recife. Os dados coletados foram analisados quantitativamente e qualitativamente. A análise quantitativa possibilitou identificar estatisticamente os fatores que estão contribuindo para a acomodação, enquanto a análise qualitativa possibilitou a interpretação dos dados subjetivos que contribuíram para a acomodação do novo dialeto ou a preservação do dialeto de origem. O tratamento estatístico realizado através do Goldvarb X (SANKOFF, TAGLIAMONTE & SMITH, 2005) mostrou, em ordem crescente de significância, que as variáveis mais relevantes foram: o tempo de permanência, o contato diuturno com falantes recifenses, o contexto fonológico seguinte, o estilo e a frequência das visitas. A análise qualitativa desenvolvida através das falas dos participantes permitiu-nos identificar a atitude linguística dos informantes. Percebemos que a avaliação positiva influenciou a acomodação linguística, assim como a avaliação negativa levou-os à preservação do seu dialeto de origem, como forma de distanciamento.