Submitted by Emanuel Varela Cardoso (emanuel.varela@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-11-06T18:02:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DEUSALETE CÂMARA VILAR NETA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGFísica) 2016.pdf: 962651 bytes, checksum: a355f6b434b034d2c99fa76a8d757ea5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-06T18:02:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DEUSALETE CÂMARA VILAR NETA – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGFísica) 2016.pdf: 962651 bytes, checksum: a355f6b434b034d2c99fa76a8d757ea5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08 / Capes / Modelos cosmológicos envolvendo campos escalares permitem a descrição de uma fase de expansão cósmica acelerada e, portanto, se apresentam como uma alternativa promissora no estudo da inação cósmica e da energia escura. O elemento chave dessa aceleração é a energia escura ou quintessência. Nosso interesse está em analisar soluções cosmológicas baseadas no formalismo de primeira ordem, aqui em particular, o caso para o espaço-tempo plano, por meio do acoplamento de campos escalares, de uma forma não trivial usando o método de extensão. Os resultados obtidos nos permitem calcular parâmetros cosmológicos analíticos, que ilustramos ao longo do texto através de exemplos resolvidos com situações-modelo de possível interesse. Ainda, discutiremos as ferramentas utilizadas em teoria de campos escalares na descrição de defeitos, tomando com o ponto de partida modelos comum campo escalar, e revisando aspectos básicos de teorias que envolvem três campos escalares. Além disso, utilizando o método BPS (Bogomol'nyi, Prasa de Somerfi eld), mostraremos que as soluções das equações de Eüler-Lagrange podem ser satisfeitas através de soluções de equações de primeira ordem. Após todas essas análises, iremos relacionar a teoria de campo escalar com a equação de campo de Einstein. Através dos procedimentos mencionados, esperamos compreender o processo de expansão do Universo acelerado, utilizando as soluções das equações de Friedmann. / Cosmological models involving scalar eld sallow the description of an accelerated cosmic expansion phase, and thus, they appear as apromising alternative in the study of cosmic in action and dark energy. The key element of this acceleration is the dark energy or quintessence. Our interest is to analyze cosmological solutions based on the fi rst-order formalism. In particular, we investigate the case for at space-time, by coupling scalar fi elds in a nontrivial manner using the extension method. The results obtained allowed us to calculate cosmological analytical parameters which are illustrated along the text. Moreover, we will discuss the tools used in scalar eld theory in the defect description, we took as a starting point models with a scalar eld, and by reviewing the basics of theories that involve three scalar elds. Further more, by using the BPS method (Bogomol'nyi, PrasadandSomer eld), we showed that the solutions of the Euler-Lagrange equations can be derived from the fi rst-order diferential equations. After all these analyzes, we will connect the fi eld theory tools with the Einstein eld equation. We hope to understand the expansion process of the accelerated universe through the previous procedures and by using the solutions of the Friedmann equations.

We show that Einstein’s gravitational field equations for the Friedmann- Robertson-Lemaître-Walker (FRLW) and for two conformal versions of the Bianchi I and Bianchi V perfect fluid scalar field cosmological models, can be equivalently reformulated in terms of a single equation of either generalized Ermakov-Milne- Pinney (EMP) or (non)linear Schrödinger (NLS) type. This work generalizes or presents an alternative to similar reformulations published by the authors who inspired this thesis: R. Hawkins, J. Lidsey, T. Christodoulakis, T. Grammenos, C. Helias, P. Kevrekidis, G. Papadopoulos and F.Williams. In particular we cast much of these authors’ works into a single framework via straightforward derivations of the EMP and NLS equations from a simple linear combination of the relevant Einstein equations. By rewriting the resulting expression in terms of the volume expansion factor and performing a change of variables, we obtain an uncoupled EMP or NLS equation that is independent of the imposition of additional conservation equations. Since the correspondences shown here present an alternative route for obtaining exact solutions to Einstein’s equations, we reconstruct many known exact solutions via their EMP or NLS counterparts and show by numerical analysis the stability properties of many solutions.

The diploma thesis deals with the Jewish Council of Elders in Prague, whose existence is defined in the years 1943-1945. The administrative body, which was formally established by renaming the wartime Jewish Community of Prague in February 1943, was obliged to carry out orders from superior authorities and act as an intermediary between the Nazi leadership and the persecuted Jewish population. Earlier emigration, retraining and care activities were replaced by the liquidation tasks and the management of other activities, which in consequence were to lead to the complete destruction of Jewish life in the occupied Bohemia and Moravia. The diploma thesis focuses on the historical and organizational development of the above-mentioned Jewish council from its inception to liquidation in the post-war period, as well as on the activities of departments and the fates of some employees. The organization is set in the context of the final phase of Jewish persecution, which in the period under review focused mainly on so-called Mischlinge and Jews from mixed marriages, and the Nazi policy of liquidation of Jewish communities and establish of Jewish councils. The thesis is based on the use and comparison of archival sources, periodicals, source editions or memories of contemporary witnesses. The main part of...